3g overview_14022011.ppt
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3G Overview_14022011.pptTRANSCRIPT
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3G : An Overview
Ashish TayalDGM (Mobile-Core)
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Brief Outline
Wireless Generations.
Migration path
Mobile Soft Switch Architecture.
Spectrum for 3G
3G Deployment
LTE
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• 1946- 1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s
• Appeared 1G 2G 3G
• Analog Digital Digital
• Multi Multi Unified
Standard Standard Standard
Terrestrial Terrestrial Terr. & Sat
Wireless Generations
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• 1 G -analog (cellular revolution)
- only mobile voice services
• 2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier) - mostly for voice services & data delivery possible
• 3 G - Voice & data ( breaking data barrier)
- Mainly for data services where voice sevices will also be possible
• Beyond 3G -Wide band OFDM ?
- But surely higher data rates
Wireless Generations
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1G FDMA (NMT, AMPS, TACS) 80’s- Voice (analog traffic, digital signaling)
2G TDMA (GSM, D-AMPS, PDC) and CDMA (IS-95) 90’s- Voice, SMS, CS data transfer ~ 9.6 kbit/s (50 kbit/s HSCSD)
2.5G TDMA (GPRS) 00’s- PS data transfer ~ 50 kbit/s
2.75G TDMA (GPRS+EDGE) 00’s- PS data ~ 150kbit/s
3-3.5G WCDMA (UMTS) and CDMA 2000 00’s- PS & CS data transfer ~ 14-42 Mbit/s (HSPA/HSPA+), Voice, SMS
3.9G OFDMA (LTE/SAE) 10’s- PS Data and Voice (VoIP) ~ 100Mbit/s
4G IMT Advanced
Wireless Generations
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- Enormous R & D investment by vendors like Ericsson, Nokia and Qualcomm, NTT Do Co Mo and Vodafone under 3GPP.
- Global momentum for HSDPA/HSUPA.
Beyond 3G – Promises and Pitfalls
- Emergence of alternative wireless technologies – WiMAX (Intel) and WiBro.
- Agreement on preferred modulation technology: OFDM- a de facto choice for next generation wireless technologies.
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Evolution Path for GSM
Newspectrum
Existingspectrum
2G evolved 2G 3G
14.4 kbps 64–115 kbps 0.384–2 mbps115–384 kbps
IMT-2000Capable Systems
GSM GPRS EDGE
3G
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GSM Evolution
GPRS200 KHz carrier115 Kbps peak data rates
EDGE200 KHz carrierData rates up to 384 Kbps8-PSK modulationHigher symbol rate
UMTS5 MHz carrier2 Mbps peak data ratesNew IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum
GSM200 KHz carrier8 full-rate time slots16 half-rate time slots
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS
3G2.5G2G
HSCSD
HSCSDCircuit-switched data64 Kbps peak data rates
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• Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps – for fixed or Indoor Environments.
• High speed Packet data services.
• Multimedia support.
• Backward compatibility with second generation ( 2G ) systems.
• Improved system capacity.
Key Requirements of 3G Services
• Data Rates up-to 384 kbps – for pedestrian or urban Environments.
• Data Rates up-to 144 kbps – for wide area mobile Environments.
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Third Generation System
Third generation systems are designed for multimedia communications;
With them person to person communication can be enhanced with high quality images
and video,
And access to information and services on public and private networks will be enhanced by higher data rates.
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WCDMA
UMTS (3G GSM)
CDMA 2000 1 x EVDO Rev 0
TDD – S C D M A
3G
UMTS
IMT – 2000
UTRAN
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3 GPP
Monolithic MSC
Layered Architecture
IMS
IMS
IMS NGN or VoIP network developed by Mobile industry.
R6
R5
R4
R99 (R3)
R98
R97
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3GPP Releases The 3GPP produces a complete set of globally applicable
Technical Specifications and Reports for the UMTS standard. These are published in releases…
R4 MSS, IP
Core
R6HSDPA P2,
EUL P1, MBMS…
R5HSDPA P1,
IMS…
R991st 3G
networks
R7MIMO,
ALL - IP
R8A-bis
Over IP
R9LTE
Envolved
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Mobile Soft Switch Architecture
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Mobile Soft switch Solution
Layered Architecture
Connectivity Layer
Control Layer
Application Layer
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Application Layer:-Provide Services & contents
Control Layer:-Provide Session & call control function
Connectivity Layer:-Physical transport & access tech.
Layered Architecture
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Mobile soft switch enable a layered architecture
design for the mobile circuit core , where the
network functions responsible for service
management & control and for transport of service
data are physically & logically separated
Mobile Soft switch Solution
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Mobile Soft switch Solution
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Advantages of Mobile Soft switch Solution
1. Access independent (GSM/WCDMA) core network
2. Packet backbone technology (IP or ATM) enables more efficient transmission of voice traffic over the backbone by retaining the same voice coding in the backbone as is used in the air interface
3. Simplification of network planning through common core for WCDMA & GSM
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UMTS network structure
UE = User Equipment RAN = Radio Access NetworkCN = Core Network NMS = Network Management System
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Radio Access Method is Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
(WCDMA).
In GSM, we use TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) as the transmission method between the different network elements. For UMTS, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) has been chosen as the transmission method in the radio access network.
The basic difference between TDM and ATM is that in TDM, we use timeslots for conveying information between network elements. In ATM, on the other hand, the data is transmitted in cells (packets) of fixed size across the network. (An ATM cell has 48 octets of payload, 5 octets of headers.)
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1. MSC Server
2. MGW
3. HLR/AUC
4. SGSN
5. GGSN
6. Mobile Packet Backbone Network (MPBN)
7. OSS
8. Lawful Intercept System
UMTS network elements
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MSC
BSC
BTS
Jaipur
Alwar
Alwar City
Monolithic MSC Architecture
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Layered Architecture
Call Control
Switching
M S C Server
Media Gateway
BSC
BTS
MGW MGW
BSC
BTS
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M S C Server
MGW
RNC
Node - B
BSC
BTS
SGSN GGSN
Internet
3G Mobile N/W would look like
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Spectrum for 3G
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Spectrum for 3G Systems
The IMT 2000 band has been identified in most of the countries for the launch of 3G services-
Uplink -1920-1980 MHz,
Downlink-2110-2170 MHz.
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CRITICAL ISSUES IN 3G DEPLOYMENT
1. SEAMLESS MIGRATION OF EXISTING NETWORK.
2. NATURE AND QUANTUM OF LICENSE FEE.
3. INTER OPERATABILITY OF EQUIPMENTS.
4. ALLOCATION OF SPECTRUM.
5. PRICING OF SPECTRUM.
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ISSUES FOR 3G DEPLOVMENT
1. A HIGH RISK BUSINESS, HUGE INVESTMENTS.
2. IT IS UNLIKE 2G WHERE MARKET FORECASTS WERE CERTAIN.
3. NO ROAD-MAP TO 3G EXISTS.
4. NO PROVEN BUISNESS MODEL EXISTS FOR 3G.
5. IS 2.5 G NOT ENOUGH.
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3g Spectrum Auction in India
In India Spectrum allocation is done by Department of Allocation (DoT).
DoT invited the application for spectrum allocation on ………. for total 4 WCDMA# operators per circle.
Auction finishes on 19th May 2010.
Total no. of rounds 183 till the end of 34 days.
# (In 5 Circles the no. of operators are 5)
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22 Circles in India.
Total no. of Private WCDMA PLMN’s = (22 x 4) + 5* = 71
Nos.
* Punjab
WBHPBiharJ&K
OperatorNo. of
circles
Bharti 13
Aircel 13
Reliance 13
Idea 11
Vodafone 9
Tata 9
STel 3
Total 71
3g Spectrum Auction in India
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3g Spectrum Allocation in India
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LTE : Long Term Evolution
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AccessFlat Overall Architecture • 2-node architecture
• IP routable transport architecture
Improved Radio Principles• peak data rates [Mbps ] 173 DL , 58 UL
• Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms
New Core Architecture• Simplified Protocol Stack
• Simple, more efficient QoS
• UMTS backward compatible security
LTE / SAE introduces the mechanism to fulfill the requirements of a next generation mobile network
Access Core Control
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MMESAE-GW
IMS HLR/
HSS
RF Modulation:• OFDMA in DL• SC-FDMA in UL
LTE : Basic Concepts / Architecture
MME
S-GW and P-GW
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TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA
f f
f
t
f
tcode
s
f
f
t
f
t
f
• Time Division • Frequency Division • Code Division • Frequency Division• Orthogonal subcarriers
Multiple Access Methods
User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..
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Results of Multipath Fading
Reflections and multipath-fadingresult in large variationsof frequency response
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Downlink - OFDMSubchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI = 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 TonesUser 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
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dow
nlin
k
OFMD Downlink & SC-FDMA Uplink – TDD
SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)> better power efficiency at the terminal
1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)tim
e
1 TTI = 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
uplin
k
dow
nlin
k
Special subframe containing guard period (switching from DL -> UL)
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The Beauties of LTE
Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers
Fast Link Adaptationdue to channel behaviour
Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval
Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq. (Frequency Selective Scheduling)
TX RX
Tx RxMIMOChannel
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
scalable
HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
64QAMModulation
1
2
21NACK ACK
Rx Buffer
Combined decoding
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LTE Radio Principles
• Power efficient uplink increasing battery lifetime
• Improved cell edge performance by low peak to average ratio
• Reduced Terminal complexity
Uplink:
SC-FDMA
• Enabling peak cell data rates of 173 Mbps DL and 58 Mbps in UL *
• Scalable bandwidth: 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 /15 / 20 MHz also allows deployment in lower frequency bands (rural coverage, refarming)
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms **
• Improved spectral efficiency
• Reduced interference
• Very well suited for MIMO
* At 20 MHz bandwidth, FDD, 2 Tx, 2 Rx, DL MIMO, PHY layer gross bit rate ** roundtrip ping delay (server near RAN)
Downlink:
OFDMA
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI
= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block)= 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots= 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)
time
1 TTI
= 1ms
1 PRB (Physical Resource Block)= 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz
1 PRB = 2 Slots= 2 * 0.5 ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
User ..
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Access Aggregation
LTE Network ElementsAll protocols over IP
Inter-BTS connectivity
X2-u/c
O&M
S1-u
S1-c(S1_MME)
BTS
BTS
S-GW
MME
Ethernet will be the predominant equipment interface technology.
Inter-BTS connectivity (X2) for handover comes along with Ethernet Transport architecture.
Transport network
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AN
PRESENTATION