3g_femtocells hspa

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3G Femtocells

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Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution To Increase Indoor Coverage and Capacity

Enhances User Experience Home users served by near peak data rates—better voice quality

Brings Network To User for Next Performance LeapCapacity gain could easily exceed 10x—macro network offloaded

Enables New Services and Revenue OpportunitiesProvide basis for next-generation converged services

Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell PlatformComprehensive solution supporting WCDMA/HSPA+, 1X, and EV-DO Rev. A/B

3G

Femtos

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Data Usage Increasing Rapidly—Majority of Voice and Data Usage Indoors

Femtocells are a low cost solution to increase indoor coverage, increase capacity and enhance user experience

70% of all voice and data traffic indoor in 20081

–Informa 2008

“ ”

By 2014, monthly worldwide mobile data traffic will exceed the total for all of 2008

–ABI Research, August 2009

“”

1Includes both data and voice traffic , indoor includes both home and office

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Macro usersserved by macro

Home usersserved by

1) macro 2) femto

Macro Only

180 kbps

Y

250 kbps

X

Macro Only

1.5X

80Y

390 kbps

14.5 Mbps

FemtosAdded

FemtosAdded

Bring Network to User—Femtocells Can Provide Next Significant Performance LeapAll users improved—home user served by near peak data rates

Assumptions: Example for HSPA+. 16 Users per cell for dense urban HSPA+ system: 10 macro users and 6 home users served either by macrocell or added femto cells. Rx diversity and MMSE Equalizer used. The median user data rates are shown. Note: Also, the worst 10% of macro users get ~15% higher throughput with proper interference management techniques.

Macro Network Offloaded—Capacity Gain Can Exceed 10x

HSPA+

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Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution to Enhance Coverage and Capacity

MacrocellTower

FemtocellYour personal

3G access

Enhanced Coverage and CapacityBring network to user—offload macro network

Reduced Churn and CostIndoor coverage main churn reason. Reduce backhaul, site cost

New Revenue and ServicesAdditional ARPU—home tariffs, bundles, home zone services

Enhanced User Experience Better voice quality and higher data rates with existing devices

Attractive Home Zone Plans and Bundles Wireless substitution, one gateway for all home entertainment

New Home Zone ServicesBased on location, interaction with home media, etc…

Operator Benefits:

End-User Benefits:

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New Home Zone Services

• Alert family members when a family member enters the femto zone• Virtual home number—call all mobile devices in home zone• Interact with social media—update presence and location information

automatically when entering femto zoneLocation Based

• Automatic synchronization between mobile device and home media servers (music, videos, data)

• Stream media (music, videos etc.) to/from mobile device and home entertainments system, screens, etc.Synch and

Stream

• Use mobile device as remote control for the media servers, TV etc.• Use mobile device for home controls appliances and home settings like

temperature and lights for the connected homeRemote Control

• Push content to femto based on location, context and customer relationship• Femtocells can utilize unique knowledge of femto usage pattern and

subscriber relationship to push personalized servicesPush

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Open Standardized Interface

IuH is the interface between HNB and HNB GW (or CN) Standardized by 3GPP

Allows easy integration with other core network elements Allows operators to choose from a wider ecosystem of vendors Enhances inter-operability testing, since 3GPP test procedures could be used Allows for easy migration to future enhancements

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RNC

NodeB

HSPA+ R8 Enables Efficient and Standardized Support for FemtocellsPre-standards solutions already deployed

R8 introduces femto standard Support for restricted access

R9 enhances femto support, examples: Active hand in to femto Support for hybrid femtos

Open access but with preferential access for member devices

Enhanced femto discovery for new devices

R10 and beyond further enhances femto support R10 being defined during 2010,

examples of possible features: Femto to femto handover Local IP access Enhanced network and device support for

interference management, e.g. cooperation between neighbor femtos

Femtocell Interference Cancellation1

Standardized architecture Femto Gateway (HNB-GW) concentrates multiple femtocells

Femtocells(Home- NodeB)

Iu-ps

Iu-h

PacketNetwork

CircuitNetwork

Femto Gateway (HNB-GW)

Iu-cs

1 For signaling between HNBs to enable inter-cell interference cancellation.

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Qualcomm Unique Femtocell Offering Comprehensive techniques for Interference Management Fully supported in FSM hardware/firmware and software Optimized (low noise) & Controlled (adaptive) RF chain

Advanced Mobility Management techniques Mobile sensing and beacon transmission to support active hand-in (even for legacy

UEs) Beacon function to enhance femto discovery (idle reselection) for legacy UEs;

validated by DT showing minimal UE impact Dedicated Network Listen subsystem

Track record of delivering high performance wireless silicon in volume Enables early adoption of advanced MSM-enabled

features Multiple secure zones and HW encryption

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ODM Value Chain

FSM92xx

FTR8700

RTR8600

PM80x8

Ethernet PHY

RF front-end

reference design

FTR8700(RFIC)

Power adapter

FSM9xxx(BBIC)

DDR memory PM80x8

(PMIC)

RTR8600(NL & GPS RFIC)

*Linux Kernel Version 2.6.25 with Qualcomm-supplied patches

NL & GPS SW

IuH Protocol Software

UMTS FW

Linux 2.6.25*Snap

drag

on™

App

s C

PU

Provided by CCPU Provided by Qualcomm

• Qualcomm provides FSM chipsets with highest level of integration

• Enables low eBOM and hence lower price for femtocell

• UltraSON capable

• GPS and powerful Apps processor

• ODM (such as Alpha Networks) designs a simplified and low-cost HW based on FSM chipsets

• CCPU IuH protocol stack is integrated on top of powerful Apps processor and Qualcomm provided PHY software

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Co-Channel Deployment Requirements

Potential issues with fixed femto DL Tx power Poor femto coverage when macro signal quality is good Dropped macro calls in femto vicinity when macro coverage is poor

Solution: Femto Tx Power Calibration Suite Network listen based initialization of femto Tx power Mobile assisted range tuning for fine tuning of femto Tx power Dynamic throttling of femto Tx power for protection of active macro UEs

Potential issues with incorrect UL Tx power cap of femto UE Interference to macro uplink when femto is near macro site Poor voice quality and poor uplink data rates for femto UEs Call drops for femto UEs at the edge of femtocell coverage

Solution: Controlled Limit on UE Tx Power & Low Noise Femto Rx Cap femto UE’s uplink Tx power based on femto’s location in macrocell

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Qualcomm UltraSON™ Features: Enabled by FSM

Feature Description

Tx Power Calibration

Suite

Network Listen Based Tx Power Calibration (NLPC) Location aware Tx power calibration

Mobile Assisted Range Tuning (MART)

Optimized Tx power calibration based on mobile reports and registrations

Guest Mobile Protection (GUMP)

Tx power throttling band on UL RSSI measurements to protect nearby active macro mobiles

UL Interference Management

Suite

Controlled Limit on UE Power (CLIP)

Dynamic capping of femto mobile Tx power to limit UL impact to macro

Macro Aware Rise Setting(MARS)

Femto noise rise setting to protect femto/macro mobiles UL throughput

Mobility Management

Suite

Idle Mode Femtocell Discovery

Fast and reliable femtocell discovery via beacon transmission with minimal impact on macro mobile performance

Active Hand-inReliable macro to femto handover for active mode service continuity via beacon and target femtodisambiguation

Tx Diversity Dual femto Tx antennas to reduce number of handovers and improve voice quality via diversity

The features have been designed, verified, and field tested by Qualcomm

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Innovative Interference Management Required For Large Scale DeploymentRequired due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, “unplanned” femtos

JAMMING

Macro device(or neighbor femto device)

Adaptive femto transmit power minimizes impact on macro and reduces coverage holes

Adaptive uplink attenuation protects femto from strong interferer—even more important for bursty data services

1Implemented in the femtocell. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider; Qualcomm’s solution provides algorithms for these features

Qualcomm’s Innovative Interference management1

• Adaptive transmit power/self-calibration

• Network listen to select carrier, transmit power etc.

• Femtocell range tuning• Fine tune range with handset

assistance

• Home user protection • Adaptive uplink attenuation

• Guest user protection• Detect guests/macro users and

throttle femto power

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Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell Solution

Complete Chipset Platform Enterprise

Femto

BasebandFSM 9xxx:

UMTS/HSPA+CDMA2000 1X

EV-DO Rev. A/B

ResidentialFemto

Comprehensive, highly integrated solution Chipset: 45nm SoC with RF, power mgmt. 1GHz Snapdragon ARM-based processor Integrated GPS, timing and encryption Integrated multiband network listen Common platform for 3GPP/3GPP2 support Transmit/Receive diversity and 2 x 2 MIMO Power efficient design and management

Optimized for innovative interference management, plug and play deployments and pilot beacons

Enhanced capacity features Enhanced uplink throughput through advanced

receiver algorithms and diversity

RF andPowerFTR8700RTR8605PM8058

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Qualcomm’s Innovative Interference management

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Femtocells Work Well with Qualcomm’s Innovative Interference ManagementRequired due to restricted access, shared macro spectrum, “unplanned” femtos

1Implemented in the femtocell itself. Actual algorithms depends on chipset /femto provider.

Interference management:1


• Network listen to select carrier, set transmit power etc.


assistance




Initial calibration: Measure strength of macro signal Power is set to achieve fixed femtocell

coverage

Minimizes impact on macro and reduces coverage holes

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Macro device

Interference management1




assistance



throttle femto power Registration attempt

Measurements

Fine tune range with handset assistance Reduce power to limit outdoor leakage—

based on registrations from restricted users

Increase power to improve indoor coverage—based on femto mobile measurements

Continuous monitoring—periodic updates (e.g. daily)

Femtodevice

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Large uplink interference results in errors and low throughput for femto user


Macro device(or neighbor femto device)






assistance




Bursty data transmission

JAMMING

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Macro device





assistance




Femto impactsnearby macro user or guest

Guest/macro user protection

Detect nearby active macro mobiles by monitoring uplink on macro frequencies

Temporarily throttle femto transmit power to protect a non-femto user (and beacon power)

Temporarily throttle femto power

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Pilot Beacon for Femtocell Discovery

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Femto Beacons Ensure Efficient Femtocell Discovery for Legacy Devices

Carrier 11Femto beacon transmits on macro carriers not used by femto. 2Future standards enhancements will enable new devices to find femto faster, but not as efficient as beacons.

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Carrier 2

Problem: Femtocell discovery User may never discover its femtocell in in good

macro coverage—reselection procedure may not be triggered

Changing search parameters impacts all devices in the network—reduced battery life for all

Solution: Femto beacons1 minimize discovery time without battery impact Voice quality not affected and no impact on macro

user’s throughput with properly designed beacons

• CHANGES TO MACRO NETWORKSETTINGS: Increase macrocell search parameter—impacts battery life

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• DEVICE ENHANCEMENT: Device performs periodic full search of across frequencies—requires new devices2

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• FEMTO BEACONS1: Controlled transmissions of beacon on macro-only frequencies—no battery life impact

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Options to find femtocell

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Femtocell Beacons Transmit On Macro Frequencies to Trigger Search

* Sample design, other parameter settings possible. Example for UMTS, Pilot beacon also used for 1X/DO discovery

Beacon burst Low power beacon

CPI

CH

Ec/

Io (d

B)

Time (seconds)

Sintersearch = 4 dB

-6

-12

-18UE trigger level for search

Due to beacon

Beacon triggers inter frequency search Temporarily reduces Macro Ecp/Io in the vicinity

of the femtocell

Beacon contains synchronization and overhead channels

Voice quality not affected, no impact on macro user’s throughput with properly designed beacons

Macro signal

Low power beacon minimizes interferencePeriodic high power bursts ensures good coverage

(UMTS example)

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Femtocell: A Low Cost Solution To Increase Indoor Coverage and Capacity

Enhances User Experience Home users served by near peak data rates—better voice quality

Brings Network To User for Next Performance LeapCapacity gain could easily exceed 10x—macro network offloaded

Enables New Services and Revenue OpportunitiesProvide basis for next-generation converged services

Qualcomm: Industry Leading Femtocell PlatformComprehensive solution supporting WCDMA/HSPA+, 1X, and EV-DO Rev. A/B

3G

Femtos

24

Thank You

3g_femtocells hspa

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