PEP IPAGES . PEP CONTINENTAT DRIIIING EFFORTS

ffi*"*i:il"T:::?ä'.'ä*i'J,',:i:is based on the great number of long, continu-ous paleoclimate records from the deep seaand polar ice caps. Comparable long paleo-climate records from the continents, on theother hand, are relatively scarce, despite thefact that they are unique in providing insightinto how global and regional climates influ-ence the biosphere upon which humanity ismost intimately dependent (see figure of siteswith existing and proposed long records alongthe PEP I transect). To promote and develop aframework for long continental records aPAGES workshop entitled "Continental Drill-ing for Paleoclimate Records" was convenedin Potsdam in1995, in conjunction with the

' newly formed International Continental Drill-ing Program (ICDP). ICDP's goals are to assistin development of major continental scientificdrilling projects throughout the world, under-taken to understand, among several otherthemes, the manner in which Earth's climatehas changed in the recent past and the reasonsfor such changes. The recommendations fromthis workshop have been published by PAGES(PAGES Series 96- 4).

To help coordinate the fragmented conti.nental paleoclimate community and to {urtherthe ICDP-PAGES collaboration, one of theoutcomes of the PAGES Continental DrillingWorkshop was establishment of a lake drillingtask force to develop a prospectus for lakedrilling projects linked to the science agendaof the PAGES-PEP transects. Following solici-tation of lake drilling planning proposals fromthe intemational science community, the taskforce evaluated and prioritized the proposedprojects and submitted a prospectus for a

S-year global lake drilling initiative to theICDP Steering Committee in April 7996, fot

PEP I: Iake drilling network

their consideration. At the same time, someprojects that were ready to proceed submittedindividual pre-proposals to ICDP.Aworkshop sponsored by ICDP took place inDecember, 1996, to facilttate ICDP's consider-ation of the proposed PAGES-PEP lake drill-

North American deserts OSA and Mexico)to resolve questions on human impacts onsemi-arid rangelands; on how climatic ex-tremes and variability affect long-term veg-etation dynamics, biogeography andbiodiversity in deserts; and on the inter-hemispheric interrelation between climatechange. I

ing projects. Because ICDP funds are limited,among other reasons, the PAGESlake drillingplan is meant to be used by the research com-munity to approach all potential fundingsources for lake drilling projects, nationallyand internationally. I

o lce-core Study on the Environment qndClimote of the Antorctic Peninsulo ond theSouthern Pod of South Americq(loborotorio de Estroligrofio Glocior yGeoquimico del Aguo y de lo Nieve(Argenrino); loborotörio de Pes -quisosAnt6rticqs e Glociologicos (Brozil);Depädment of Geogrophy, University ofColgory (Conodo); Lqborotoire Glocio'logie el Göophysique (Fronce)Ice core samples from the Antarctic Peninsulaand the Patagonian Icefield will be recoveredand analyzed at annual to decadal resolutionto identify atmospheric and climatic variabil-ity for the last 1000 years. t

PEP I RESEARCH AND WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES

With the support 0f the recently established Inter American Institute.for G.lobalChange Res,earch (IAI) seaeral working yrlups haae formed.to -coordinste inter-disciilinary research that addresses thA Americas' interhemispheric paleoclimnteagenda.

lAl Funded PEP I Relqbd Proiects. Vegelolion Hisr,ory from Fossil RodentMiddens in rhe Mid'lotitude AmericonDeserts (J.[. Beloncourt, V. Morkgrof, [.Groumlich)Fossil rodent middens from the deserts inSouth America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile,Peru) will be collected and analyzed forcomparison with packrat middens from2

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PEP IlAl Funded Workshops

r Polenfiol Use of Biologicol Pro:ry Dotoqs Climotic €honge Impoct lndicotors inSouth Americon Ecosyslems (C. Villogrön(Chile), M. Poez, A. Prielo, R. Villqlbo(Argentino), M.[. lorscheitter (Brozil)During a workshop held in Puerto Alegre,Brazil, in July 1996, members from thepaleoclimate community developed a re-search agenda to evaluate the environmentalimpacts of future climate change on subtropi-cal ecosystems inArgentina, Brazil and Chile.The proposed approach focuses on analysis ofmultiproxy paleoclimate records for specifictime slices in the past, considered potentialanalogs for future change.To enhance the paleoenvironmental response,records will primarily be developed alongtransects in ecotonal regions;1) from the Pampas to the Espinal thornscrub,and to the Monte desert;2) from the Patagonian steppe to the Montedesert, across the Andes, and into the CentralChilean lowlands.Highest priority in terms of facilitating futurecollaborative research was considered to bethe development of educational and commu-nication aspects. These include developmentof short courses on different topics in LatinAmerican paleoclimates, such as on climatevariability, past, present, and future; the de-velopment of paleoenvironmental and paleo-climate bibliographic databases, and of otherdatabases related to the proposed research.(Excerpt from workshop report by C.Villagrän) Ir lhe fusessmenl of present, Posl ondFuture Climote Voriobility fiom TreelineEnvircnments in the Americos(B. luckmon, Conodo)The western cordillera of the Americas com-prise the most complete terrestrial latitudinaltransect on earth and flank its largest ocean.These mountains contain several ecotonal en-vironments that have a proven potential toyield high quality multidisciplinary historicaland paleo-climate data that can be used to ad-dress questions of climate variability at a largerange of spatial and temporal scales. To focuson the potential of these ecotones within thecontext of the PAGES PEP-I transect a work-shop entitled "TheAssessment of Past Presentand Future Climate Variability in the Ameri-cas from keeline Environments" was held atJasper in the Canadian Rocky Mountains,October 6th to 10th, 1996. The workshopbrought together climatologists, ecologists,paleoecologists, dendroclimatologists, andglacial geologists working in heeline environ-ments inArgentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Cen-tralAmerica,Mexico, the US and Canada. The

goal of the meeting was to develop an interdis-ciplinary research agenda to address the re-sponse of treeline environments to recent andfuture natural and human related changes andthe implications of these changes for naturalresources in mountain environments. The pro-posed strategy is to establish an interhemi-spheric network of climate and climate proxydata, from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, at anested range of spatial and temporal scales.Such a data set would allow examination ofthe local and regional patterns of interannualand longer term climate variability and ulti-mately shed light on the causes of change.Concurrent studies of contemporary environ-mental responses (e.9. at treeline, snow-lineand by glaciers) will be used to benchmark theresponse of these systems to change. Co-fund-ing for the workshop was received from NSF-PEP I, the Canadian government agencies ofAtmospheric Environment Service, Environ-ment Canada, Geological Survey of Canada,University of Western Ontario, Jasper Na-tional Park, and the Laboratory of Tree RingResearch, Universily of Arüona. Io Fire ond GlobolChonge in TemperolreEcosystems of Western North qnd SoulhAmerico (L Veblen, US)A workshop funded by a Phase I grant fromthe Inter-American Institute and held in Or-egon in September 1996 under the auspices ofAMIGO (America's Interhemispheric Geo-Biosphere Organization) brought together sci-entists from Canada, the US, Argentina andChile, to discuss a research agenda that wouldaddress the role of fire in ecosystem responseto global change. The proposed approach fo-cuses on the studey of present and past fireregimes, using dendrochronological and sedi-ment charcoal analysis, across a range ofbiomes at different spatial and temporal scalesin temperate ecosystems of westem North andSouth America. An interhemispheric compari-son of fire regimes under different present andpast land- use practices, different biotic andabiotic conditions and disturbance regimes,different modes of climate and climate vari-ability, etc., may help disentangle the influ-ences of climate and human activities, a prob-lem of great concern for future landmanagement. I. Compqrolive Studies on Oceonic ondCoqslol Prccesses in lemperote Zones ofthe Eoslern Pocific (T. Boumgortner, USA)The workshop was held in Vina del Mar, 11 -16November 1996, andbrought together 52 scien-tific experts from Chile, Peru, Mexico, theUnited States and Canada. The purpose was todesign a research program which would imple-ment the goals of IAI's Research Theme "Com-parative Shrdies ofOceanic, Coastal and Estua-rine Processes in Temperate Zones" for the

oceanic and coastal zones of the eastern Pacifigwith their distinctive Upwelling and EasternBoundary Current Ecosystems. The workshopprovided the opporhurity to create anumbrellastrategy to guide development of an overallScience Implementation Plan which includedspecific Research and Training projects focusedon the coastal and oceanic ecosystems extend-ing from the intertidal zone to the pelagic re-gion (0-200 km offshore). The science agendaand initial implementation plans developedfocused on the following topics:1) Large-Scale Climate (the framework ofinterannual, interdecadal and centennial cli-mate change),2) Atmospheric Forcing and Ocean Circula-tion in the Eastern Boundary Currents,3) Nutrient and Plankton Dynamics,4) Near-Shore Ecosystems,5) Long-term Ecosystem and Climate Histo-ries (Paleo-ecology / Paleo-oceanography IPaleo-climatology),6) The Human Dimensions: Socio-EconomicIssues and Consequences. I. Workshop on High Resolution ClimolreRecords from High Elevotion lce Corcs inthe Americos (R. Brodley, D. Hordy, USA)To explore the opportunities for research onclimate variability in the Americas from highelevation ice cores, a group of 20 scientists rep-resenting 11 countries met in San Carlos deBariloche, Argentina from 11-13 December,1996. The Workshop focused on the objectivesoutlined in the PAGES PANASH document(PAGES Report 95-1) for studies along thePEP-I transect.

Discussions focused on regions of the Ameri-cas from which additional ice core recordscould be recovered, and the value of each lo-cation in terms of understanding climatic vari-ability. The geographical scope of the work-shop discussion extended from the AntarcticPeninsula (-75"S) fo northem Ellesmere Island(83'N). The meeting was financially sup-ported by the Inter-American Instihrte for Glo-bal Change Research (IAI). The primary goalsof the workshop were to identify both theprincipal scientific questions which can beanswered, and societal issues which can beaddressed, by ice core studies along a North-South transect through theAmericas, to deter-mine which ice caps have the potential ofyielding high resolution paleoenvironmentalrecords, and to initiate discussions on pro-grams of collaborative research.

The first session of the workshop was de-voted to presentations reviewing the currentstate of knowledge in three areas:1) Circulation regimes of South America andmeteorological observations at high elevations;

(continued on page 4 bottom)

3

PEP IIThis report on PEP II actiaities uses selected abstracts and presentations from the1995 Nagoya Symposium to illustrate the strength nnd diaersity of the resenrchbeing carried out within the unst and complex region spannedby the Transect.Afull account of the Meeting and the Abstracts of all the Plpers can,be found in:Niiknmi,T, Matsumoto, E., Ohta, S. nnd SwedaT.'Paleoclimate and Enaironmen-tal Variability in Austral-Asian Transect during the past 2000 years' . Proceedingsof the 1995 Nagoya IGBP-PAGESIPEP-il Symposium,Nagoya. (277pp.)'

-I Th" N"* Zeolond GovernmentI ho, ogr.""d to fund NZ$300k

for drilling of Loke Poukowo onNorth lslond. This is one of thekey sites identified os o port ofthe ICDP.

to"n Oooro" Idfemperature-sensitive tree-ring width chroI nologies for the Southem Hemisphere in-

clude several we have recently produced forpink pine (Hal ocarpus bit'ormis) from Stewart Is-land, the southernmost of the three main is-lands of New Zealand (D'Arrigo et al. a and b.in press). These chronologies are positivelycorrelated with wafin-season land and marinetemperature records for southern NewZealand and vicinity. We have also developedchronologies of silver pine (LagnrostrobuscoLnsoi), closely related to the huon pine (L.

franklinü) of Täsmania, for two sites: Ahaura,South Island, and Mangawhero, North Island,New Zealand. Both are updated from seriesoriginally published by LaMarche et al. in7979.

Although there are shorter intervals of compa-rable warmth, the highest 2O-year periods ofgrowth during the past 300 or more years ofrecord for Stewart Island occurred during themiddle 7950s-7970s, coinciding with recordwarming since around 1950 in New Zealand.The updatedAhaura and Mangawhero seriesalso show above-average growth during therecent warm period, with the highest 2O-yeargrowth intervals since 1350 occurring in recentdecades.(continued on next page)

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Fig.1 - Left: Map ot'New Zealand's North and South Islands and Stewart Island. Manapouri is locationof another pinkpine site. Ahaura and Mangawhero Riaer Bridge are silaer pine sites.Right: Map ot' Stewart Island and oicinity shorning location of pink pine tree-ring sites. DB, DoughboyBau; RK, Mt, Rakeahua; PG, Pegasusan. Most recent collection (1995) was from Hellfire (HF) site,Ruggedy Mountains, northwestern Stewart Island. (in D'Arrigo, Buckley, Cook, Wagner, "Temperature-

sensitizte tree-ring width chronologies of pink pine from Stewatt Island, New Zealand" , in press)

(conlinued from paRe 3 - PEP I)2) Methodologicäl techniques and issues of icecore analysis;3) Regionally-specific research accomplish-ments related to glacier-climate interactionsand ice core drilling in the Americas.

Discussions were then conducted on indi-vidual regions of theAmericas where there areexcellent prospects for recovering paleo-envi-ronmental records from ice cores. Specificneeds and ideas for research projects in eachregionwere identified and planswere laid outfor integration of the various projects into aproposal to be submitted to IAI in7997. I. lorge-Scole Biosphere'AtmosphereExperiment in Amozoniq (tBA) (C. Nobreet ol., Brozil)

To foster understanding of regional-scaletransport in Amazonia, of energy, heat, mois-

4

ture, carbon and other trace constituents, andtheir interactions and feedbacks, process stud-ies at local to meso-scale are proposed, coordi-nated under the LBA experiment. To disen-tangle the role of human impact from naturalenvironmental and climate variability, theseexperiments include a paleoclimate compo-nent, that focuses on identification of the ef-fects the different past precipitation and tem-perature modes on Amazonian ecosystems.The proposed plan, jointly developed by B.Turq (ORSTOM, Brazil) and P. Colinvaux(Smithsonian, US), calls for development of anetwork of multiproxy paleoclimate recordsanalyzed with decadal to millenial time reso-lution. The network of paleoenvironmentalrecords overlaps the network of sites proposed{or hydrological, biochemical and ecologicalprocess studies. I

. Dendrochronologicol Studies in lropicolSoulh Americo whh Speciol Emphosis onBolivion Forests (J. Boninsegno, R.Villqlbq, F.A. Roig (Argentino), J. Argollo,S. Beck (Bolivio))

Field reconnaissance, collection anddendrochronologic analysis of different treetaxa from the subtropical and hopical forestsin SouthAmerica should provide informationon the potential of tree-ring research forpaleoclimate in these poorly known environ-ments.

Sugmrrro rv Dr. Vru Mmxourlnstitute of Arctic ond Alpine ReseorchUniversity of ColorodoBoulder, Colorodo 80309-0450, USAPhone: 303 492 5117Fox: 303 492 6388e-moil: morkgrof@spof.colorodo.edu a.