3rd edition release of survey results -...

3rd Edition

Release of Survey Results300-400 pm Mon 14 March 2016

Press Club New Delhi

Our Cities are on the Brink

Froth in Bangalore Lakes Garbage Fire in Mumbai

Air Pollution in Delhi Floods in Chennai

It is just history repeating itselfhelliphellip

Band-Aids vs Cure

bull We see the same issues the same patterns repeating day after day in city after city

bull Band-aid solutions like creating more landfills filling potholes desilting drains ahead of monsoons regularizing plan violations putting more buses on roads donrsquot address the root causes which have made our cities what they are today

bull We are trying to treat the symptoms and not the disease

bull Root-causes need to be addressed for us to address quality of life in our cities in an irreversible sustained manner

bull The root causes are what we call ldquoCity-Systemsrdquo

CITY-SYSTEMS ARE LAWS POLICIES AND PROCESSES IN RESPECT OF

bull SPATIAL PLANNING AND DESIGN STANDARDSbull FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTbull SKILLS AND CAPABILITIES OF STAFFbull TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSESbull QUALITY AND POWERS OF POLITICAL LEADERSbull TRANSPARENCYbull ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PERFORMANCE AND

SERVICE LEVELSbull CITIZEN PARTICIPATION

bull GARBAGEbull BAD ROADSbull FLOODS

CITY - SYSTEMS

bull AIR POLLUTIONbull TRAFFICbull AFFORDABLE HOUSING

bull WATER SCARCITYbull POWER CUTSbull SAFETY

QUALITY OF LIFE

The Annual Survey of Indiarsquos City-Systems (ASICS) is an evaluation of 21 Indian cities and two global benchmark cities on the City-Systems framework Over eighty questions spanning laws policies institutional processes and capacities are considered in ASICS

Janaagraharsquos work on urban governance reforms finally culminated in the City-Systems Framework

The City-Systems framework is a new way of thinking about lingering challenges that plague our cities in three specific ways

Focuses on root causes rather than symptoms1

Recognizes the need for a systems approach2

Facilitates periodic measurement of progress3

- Public disclosure

- Accountability for service

levels- Citizen Participation

- Spatial Planning

- Urban design standards

- Municipal Finance

- Municipal Staffing

- Use of IT

- Powers and functions of

city council

- Legitimacy

The four broad components of these root causes what we collectively refer to as ldquocity-systemsrdquo

Components of City-Systems

bull Where to locate landfills

bull Decentralised ward level planning for waste management

bull Disclosure regulation on conflict of interest among Councillors

bull Qualified number of staff technical competence financial resources etc

bull Effective use of IT for Tracking Monitoring Systems

bull Citizen participation on segregation recycling local composting and reporting of grievances

bull Transparency

bull Accountability on service levels contractor performance

Why Garbage is a Systems Problem

bull Mixed use Planning

bull Strong Sectoral plan for mobility

bull Design standards for roads

bull Weak powers of council over finances

bull Limits on Financial expenditure of council

bull Limited powers over large projects

Adequate investment in roads public

transport

Integrated traffic management

centre

Specialists in transport engineering

and traffic management

Transparency

Accountability on service levels

performance

Citizens engagement on works

monitoring respect for traffic rules

and active adoption of public

transport

Why Mobility is a Systems Problem

ASICS

bull The Annual Survey of Indias City-Systems (ASICS) seeks to provide an objective basis on which to evaluate

the quality of city-systems (essentially governance) in our cities

bull Principal Sources Municipal Corporation Acts Town and Country Planning Acts Public Disclosure Laws Community Participation Laws Other Acts

and related Rules Government Reports Municipal Budgets Websites

bull Like a health check-up it measures the health of Indiarsquos City-Systems and highlights the areas that need

corrective action

bull In its third edition ASICS evaluates 21 major cities from 18 states of the country across 83 detailed

parameters scores on a scale of 0 to 10 with equal weightage for all City-Systems components questions

bull London and New York serve as Global Benchmarks

The better a city scores in the ASICS survey the more likely that it is able to deliver better quality of life to citizens over the

medium and long-term

The 11 BIG QUESTIONS in ASICS arising out of the CSS Framework

bull Archaic Laws 12 cities have laws dating back to the 1960s-1980s

none of the laws reflect currentlong-term demands of urbanization

Delhi is the only city with Ward SDPs Chandigarh despite being a lsquoplannedrsquo city scores

poorly as it does not have a contemporary Planning Act and does not have Metropolitan or Ward level SDPs

bull Plan preparation and approval not robust No Ward level SDPs weak technical and institutional

capacities

bull Evaluation of Plans absent Land titling reform pending no evaluation framework

for effectiveness of Plans

Insights Urban Planning and Design

Fewer Town Planners than No of Towns

Weak Finances Mumbai Pune among the few cities to have relatively high Per Capita

capex and higher share of own revenues (gt Rs 4000 70+)

No FRBM in place for any city only 6 cities have realistic budgets(lt15) Huge variance in budget vs Actual TVM (79 ) BLR (61 ) HYD (24)

Most Cities do not generate enough revenue surplus to finance their capex requirements hence heavily dependent on state and Centre grants

Insights Urban Capacities and Resources - Finance

Budgeted Capex vs Actual Revenue

Municipal Budgets Actual 2013-14 (Rs Cr)

Own revenue Total Expenditure

Budget Variance

Severe under-capacity in staffing

- No Performance Management system mandated for any city

- Lack of specialization in urban services

- Top scorers Mumbai amp Pune score high on human resources due to availability of Municipal Cadre and stable tenure for their Commissioners with relevant urban experience

- Kolkata is the top scorer on stability of tenure of the Commissioner (2 in 5 yrs) Bangalore (6 in 5 yrs) Jaipur (6 in 5 yrs)Raipur (8 in 5 yrs) score poorly on Commissioner tenure

Most corporations have huge vacancies severely impacting the quality of service delivery

Average Tenure of a Municipal Commissioner in office Raipur has had 8 Commissioners in the last 5 years

Insights Urban Capacities and Resources - Staffing

Data for last 2 Commissioners who held office

bull Mayors

Kolkata is the only city where the MPC has been constituted with the Mayor has an ex-officio member

8 cities have directly elected Mayors with five-year terms Bhopal Chennai Dehradun Jaipur Kanpur Lucknow Raipur and Ranchi

5 large cities have Mayors with lt 25 year terms Mumbai Bangalore Ahmedabad Surat and Pune

Insights Empowered amp Legitimate Political Representation

Mayoral Term

bull Disempowered Councils Most functions are now being undertaken through

para-statals that are not overseen by the elected council

In Bangalore only 15 of the total expenditure in the city is overseen by the elected body BBMP

ISEC Compilation

bull Poor turnout in ULB elections - TVM and Kolkata are the exceptions with turnout

comparable to LS elections

bull Councils- No disclosure of related party interests

- Few functions and powers

bull Councilors lack resources to do their job effectively - Councilors are paid even less than Grade D employees- No staff or research support to help them effectively

monitor the administration

Monthly Compensation Jaipur Municipal Corporation

Voter Turnouts


bull Open Government Maharashtra passed the Maharashtra Guarantee of Public Services Bill in July 2015 which helped scores for Mumbai and Pune Bangalore is a beacon in terms of sharing information on its website including

Property tax collection report Works information and Payment Information

bull Audit Largely not an independent function No disclosure of audited annual accounts by any city

bull Ombudsman- Thiruvananthapuram is the only city that has an Ombudsman for service complaints

bull Participation 14 out of 21 states have enacted Nagara Raj Bill only Hyderabad has constituted Area Sabhas Pune stands out with a functioning Participatory Budgeting process Delhi Governmentrsquos initiative in participatory budgeting where 20 crores has been allocated to each Assembly is path breaking

Insights Transparency Accountability amp Participation

Urban Planning Mandate 3 tiers of Spatial Plans ndash Regional Municipal and Ward Level Competent personnel for development and implementation of Spatial Development Plans Effective mechanism to monitor and prevent plan violations Urban design standards to guide execution of city projects

Urban Capacities amp Resources Access to more buoyant revenue streams make audit of balance sheets mandatory Comprehensive review of Cadre amp Recruitment rules to ensure availability of adequate skilled staff Real time works management to track lifecycle of all civic works

Empowered amp Legitimate Political Representation Minimum Mayoral Term of 5 years Greater powers for Council for key services like planning water transport

Transparency Accountability amp Participation Adoption of Open Data Standards introduction of a Participatory budgeting for allocating a portion of cityrsquos budget

based on citizen inputs Have an effective complaint management system with feedback mechanism

Focus Areas

City UPD 2015 UCR 2015 TAP 2015 ELPR 2015 ASICS Score 2015

Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42

Thiruvananthapuram 24 23 57 64 42

Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30

Bhubaneswar 26 23 34 36 30

Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28

Chandigarh 06 23 25 27 20

London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97

ASICS 2015 - Scorecard

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

ASICS 2015 report can be accessed here

httpjanaagrahaorgreportsASICS-2015pdf

For more information contact

Srikanth Viswanathan| Srikanthjanaagrahaorg| 073535 88724Anil Nair| anilnairjanaagrahaorg | 09871916608

AnnexureScore card for 11 Principal Questions

Does your city have a decentralised system of Spatial Development Planning

How successfully has your city implemented its SDPs

Does your city have effective mechanisms to deter plan violations

Does your city encourage Participatory Planning

Does your city invest adequate funds in public infrastructure and services

Does your city have adequate number of skilled human resources

Does your city make optimum use of information technology

Do your city leaders have adequate power

How democratic is your city

Does your city put out adequate information and facilitate citizen participation

How well does your city address citizen complaints

Thank you



Our Cities are on the Brink

Froth in Bangalore Lakes Garbage Fire in Mumbai

Air Pollution in Delhi Floods in Chennai


Band-Aids vs Cure










CITY - SYSTEMS



QUALITY OF LIFE







- Public disclosure



- Spatial Planning


- Municipal Finance


- Use of IT


city council

- Legitimacy









bull Transparency










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you




Band-Aids vs Cure










CITY - SYSTEMS



QUALITY OF LIFE







- Public disclosure



- Spatial Planning


- Municipal Finance


- Use of IT


city council

- Legitimacy









bull Transparency










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you







CITY - SYSTEMS



QUALITY OF LIFE







- Public disclosure



- Spatial Planning


- Municipal Finance


- Use of IT


city council

- Legitimacy









bull Transparency










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you









- Public disclosure



- Spatial Planning


- Municipal Finance


- Use of IT


city council

- Legitimacy









bull Transparency










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you









bull Transparency










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you










transport


centre



Transparency


performance




transport


ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you



ASICS






corrective action












capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you









capacities













Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you











Budget Variance










bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you












bull Mayors





Mayoral Term




ISEC Compilation








Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you










Voter Turnouts













Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you














Focus Areas


Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you




Mumbai 25 53 45 46 42


Kolkata 30 33 41 59 41

Pune 19 47 46 51 41

Bhopal 24 28 50 46 37

Delhi 37 43 29 37 37

Chennai 29 33 28 56 36

Hyderabad 29 24 57 33 36

Kanpur 26 25 49 43 36

Lucknow 24 26 44 43 34

Patna 22 34 34 45 34

Bangalore 27 25 54 25 33

Raipur 18 12 42 58 32

Ranchi 18 28 26 55 32

Surat 24 35 27 38 31

Ahmedabad 24 32 26 40 30


Dehradun 25 16 30 50 30

Ludhiana 22 16 36 40 29

Jaipur 26 19 22 46 28


London 94 99 82 100 94

Newyork 98 100 88 100 97


Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you



Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you



Reform Roadmap

Reform Roadmap

















Thank you



Reform Roadmap

















Thank you



















Thank you



3rd edition release of survey results -...

Documents