3re - weee presentation v7 100311
TRANSCRIPT
8/7/2019 3RE - WEEE Presentation V7 100311
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Waste Electrical & Electronic GoodsWaste Electrical & Electronic Goods(WEEE or e-Waste):(WEEE or e-Waste):
Recycling Methods – Benefits and HazardsRecycling Methods – Benefits and Hazards
3R Environmental Services Private Ltd. (‘3RE’)3R Environmental Services Private Ltd. (‘3RE’)
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WEEE |WEEE | DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE or e-Waste) is a
term used to describe appliances and/or equipment that containelectrically powered components and:
• those that have become obsolete and/or have reached their end-of-life
• those that have lost their utility to the original user, due toadvancement in technology and change in fashion
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WEEE|WEEE| CATEGORIESCATEGORIES
† As per the European Union directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 January 2003 on waste
electrical and electronic equipment.
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WEEE |WEEE | COMPOSITION OF WEEECOMPOSITION OF WEEE
WEEE contains both valuable materials (secondary raw materials) as well as
hazardous materials which require special handling and recycling methods
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WEEE |WEEE | MAJOR CONTRIBUTORSMAJOR CONTRIBUTORS
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WEEE |WEEE | QUANTUM OF WEEE |QUANTUM OF WEEE | INDIAINDIA
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WEEE |WEEE | QUANTUM OF WEEE |QUANTUM OF WEEE | BANGALOREBANGALORE
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WEEE |WEEE | DISPOSAL CHANNELSDISPOSAL CHANNELS
• ICT Companies, registered as Export Oriented Units (EOU) importhardware as per the EXIM policy (2000). These equipment are Custom
Bonded. Once this equipment reaches end-of-life, the regulationprovides the ICT companies 3 options to release this equipment:
1. De-bond the equipment by paying the customs duty
2. Donate the equipment to charitable institutions
3. Physical destruction of the goods
• BPO, Hardware Companies, public sector companies (includingCustoms Department) and other companies, dispose their end-of-lifeWEEE through:
1. Direct Sale to scrap dealers and recyclers
2. Auction
• Households dispose their WEEE through:
1. Exchange programs for some electronic items
2. Sale to scrap/rag pickers
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WEEE |WEEE | DISPOSAL CHANNELSDISPOSAL CHANNELS || ISSUESISSUES
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WEEE |WEEE | COLLECTION CHANNELSCOLLECTION CHANNELS
C
ur rentCollectionC
hannels
Desire
dCollectionCha
nnels
I nf or mal S ect or Recycl er s
F or
mal S ect or Recycl er s
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WEEE |WEEE | RECYCLING|RECYCLING| AUTHORIZED RECYCLERSAUTHORIZED RECYCLERS
• Formal sector authorized recyclers only process and recycle
5% of WEEE in India
• Efficient techniques used by this sector would ensure:
oHigh rate of secondary material extraction
oClosed loop recycling would ensure almost zeroenvironmental pollution
oZero informal dumping and burning
oImprove the health and occupational standards of workers
• Government has recognized this and are formulatinglegislation to increase the share of the formal sector recyclers
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WEEE |WEEE | RECYCLING|RECYCLING| INFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR
• Informal sector processes and recycles 95% of WEEE in India
• Inappropriate and inefficient techniques used by thissector cause:
oHigh rate ofenvironmental pollution due to informaldumping, burning and acid leaching
oHealth and occupational hazards to workers
oLoss of valuable secondary raw material due tolow rates of secondary raw material extraction
• The other negative aspects of informal sector include:
oUse of child labor and the infrastructure of theunits
oMost units have no proper ventilation
oWorkers sit on the floor bending for hours over scrap items and work with bare hands andvery primitive tools
Photo courtesy: EMPA
| |
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WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? ||COMPONENTS, CONSTITUENTS AND AFFECTED BODYCOMPONENTS, CONSTITUENTS AND AFFECTED BODYPARTSPARTS
WEEE
Components
Hazardous Constituents Affected
Body Parts
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)LeadCadmium
Nervous systemKidneyLiver
Motherboards Berrilium LungsSkin
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) Lead oxideBariumCadmium
HeartLiver Muscles
Switches &Flat screen monitors
Mercury BrainSkin
Computer Batteries Cadmium KidneyLiver
Plastic in PCB, cablesinsulation/coating and plastichousing
Brominated flame retardant(BFR)Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Immune systemEndocrine
Source: E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA, Posted on June 20, 2010 (www.articlebase.com/e-waste-management)
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WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? ||AIR POLLUTION IN MANDOLI VILLAGE & INDUSTRIAL AREAAIR POLLUTION IN MANDOLI VILLAGE & INDUSTRIAL AREA
Source: Johri Rakesh and Subhankar Basu, ‘E-waste generation, mitigation and a case study of Delhi’ in E-Waste: Implications,regulations and management in India and current global best practices, edited by Rakesh Johri, a TERI publication (2008)
• Mandoli industrial area remains engulfed by a thick blanket of dustand fumes:
oCarbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the recycling area variesbetween 8 to 10 PPM (parts per million)
oThe CO concentration is between 2 to 4 PPM in the villagelocated 500 meters away from the recycling area
oThe Council of Environmental Quality (1992) has observed that
inhalation of CO-laden air with a concentration of between 8 –10 PPM for a maximum period of 8 hours is dangerous.
• Health hazards from the acid fumes and toxic gases that engulf thearea:
oEye irritation
oBreathing problems
• The concentration of dioxins and furan in the air has beenreported to be in the range of 4-6 pg (picogram)/kg/days
oThe WHO standard range is between 1 to 4 pg/kg/day
|WEEE | ||
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WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || METALMETAL
CONCENTRATION IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM MANDOLICONCENTRATION IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM MANDOLIINDUSTRIAL AREAINDUSTRIAL AREA
Element Village Soil(mg/kg)
Industrial AreaSoil (mg/kg)
Manganese 236 774
Copper 62 7,093
Aluminum 6,127 16,981
Silicon 285 289
Chromium 32 50Cadmium 1.2 10
Lead 44.4 3,932
Nickel 30.1 181
Zinc 115 3,170
Selenium <0.02 <0.02
Source: Johri Rakesh and Subhankar Basu, ‘E-waste generation, mitigation and a case study of Delhi’ in E-Waste: Implications,regulations and management in India and current global best practices, edited by Rakesh Johri, a TERI publication (2008)
Surface soil was collected from Mandoli industrial area and analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Col # 3). Soil for Col # 2 was obtained from the village located 500 meters away from therecycling unit.The above table reveals that the concentration of all metals in the industrial area are much higher thanthe village soil. However, leaching of these metals with time will eventually contaminate the groundwater.
WEEE |WEEE | ||
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WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || METALMETAL
CONCENTRATION IN GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROMCONCENTRATION IN GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROMMANDOLIMANDOLI
Element Village Water Sample(mg/l)
IndustrialArea Sample (mg/l)
Desirable limit (IndianWater Standard)(mg/l)
Manganese 0.05 0.08 0.05
Copper 0.07 0.10 0.05
Aluminum 0.24 4.63 0.1
Silicon 14.42 26.33 n/a
Chromium 0.05 0.14 0.05
Cadmium <0.02 0.01 0.01
Lead 0.02 0.05 0.05
Nickel 0.02 0.04 n/a
Zinc 1.50 1.59 5.0
Selenium <0.02 0.11 0.01
Source: Johri Rakesh and Subhankar Basu, ‘E-waste generation, mitigation and a case study of Delhi’ in E-Waste: Implications,regulations and management in India and current global best practices, edited by Rakesh Johri, a TERI publication (2008)
For analysis purposes, the ground water samples were collected from Mandoli industrial area, from adepth of about 20 meters (Col # 3). The ground water samples were also collected from Mandoli village,located at a distance of 500 meteres from the industrial area, from a depth of 25 meteres (Col # 2).The pH of water is 5.8, which is below the desirable limit of 6.5 – 8.5.
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WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || POSSIBLEPOSSIBLE
HEALTH EFFECTS OF DRINKING THE POLLUTED WATERHEALTH EFFECTS OF DRINKING THE POLLUTED WATER
Element Desirable limit (IndianWater Standard) (mg/l)
Undesirable effects whenconcentration goes above thedesirable limit
Manganese 0.05 Unpleasant taste
Copper 0.05 Astringent taste, damages liver andcauses central nervous systemdisorder and depressionAluminum 0.1 Alzheimer’s disease
Chromium 0.05 Lung tumor and allergies
Cadmium 0.01 Kidney damage
Lead 0.05 Serious cumulative body poison
Zinc 5.0 Astringent taste
Selenium 0.01 Toxic
Source: Johri Rakesh and Subhankar Basu, ‘E-waste generation, mitigation and a case study of Delhi’ in E-Waste: Implications,regulations and management in India and current global best practices, edited by Rakesh Johri, a TERI publication (2008)
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WEEE |WEEE | CONCERNS & CHALLENGES |CONCERNS & CHALLENGES |SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS
• Accurate figures not available for rapidly increasing WEEE –generated domestically and illegally imported
• Low level of awareness among manufacturers and consumers of the hazards of incorrect recycling
• Major portion of WEEE is processed by the informal sector usingrudimentary techniques
• Workers have little or no knowledge of toxins in WEEE and areexposed to health hazards
• Inefficient recycling process result in substantial losses of material value and resources
• Cherry picking by informal sector, primarily interested in preciousmetals, and improperly dispose the rest, thereby posing environmentalhazard
• No specific legislation for dealing with WEEE
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WEEE |WEEE | THE NEED OF THE HOURTHE NEED OF THE HOUR
In short, the need of the hour can be summarized as follows:
1.Create awareness about the hazards and benefits of WEEE among both
households and private sector 2.Provide a viable and environmentally friendly option to dispose waste for
households and private sector. This option would involve a establishinga eco-friendly supply chain management system to responsibly:
i.Collect WEEE
ii.Transport WEEE
iii.Recycle WEEE
This would ensure a win-win model that would:
1.Maximize material (and hence value) recovery – thereby reducepressure to extract primary raw material from earth surface
2.Minimize environmental damage by avoiding inefficient management
and recycling of WEEE
This is where, 3R Environmental ServicesThis is where, 3R Environmental ServicesPrivate Limited (‘3RE’) steps inPrivate Limited (‘3RE’) steps in
1.
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3RE |3RE | VISIONVISION
We at 3RE have set these goals for ourselves for the next two years:• Reduce WEEE by spreading awareness and thereby creating material for
secondary use rather than sending it as waste to landfills
• Reuse by building capability in the City of Bangalore by September 2011 toextract working parts that could be used for making refurbished electronicequipment
• Recycle by sending the non-working electronic goods and material to formalsector recyclers for the first one year of operation. By May 2012 todevelop in-house recycling capability
• Collection Centers: To open 5 collection centers across South India by May2013
• Collection Target: To handle 500 tons of waste per annum starting from May2012
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3RE |3RE | CONTACT USCONTACT US
For any business enquiries, queries, comments and/or
suggestions, please contact:
Ganesh S. Anipindi
Director – Sales & Marketing
Bangalore, India
Mobile: +91 809 587 9828
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: www.facebook.com/3r.ewaste
Twitter: www.twitter. com/3rewaste
LinkedIn:3r.ewaste