3.3. Types of tissueTypes of tissuea.a. Muscle Muscle

1)1) controls the internal movement of materials controls the internal movement of materials such as blood such as blood

2)2) controls the external movements of the entire controls the external movements of the entire body body

b.b. EpithelialEpithelial1)1) cover the surface of the body (skin) and line cover the surface of the body (skin) and line

internal organs internal organs 2)2) Provides a barrier & prevents leakageProvides a barrier & prevents leakage

c.c. ConnectiveConnective1)1) holds organs in place and binds different parts holds organs in place and binds different parts

of the body together.of the body together.2)2) Ex: tendons connect bones to muscles and Ex: tendons connect bones to muscles and

ligaments join bones to bones ligaments join bones to bones

d.d. NervousNervous1)1) receives messages from the body’s external receives messages from the body’s external

and internal environments, analyzes the data, and internal environments, analyzes the data, and directs the response and directs the response

4.4. TransplantsTransplantsa.a. T cells make organ transplants difficultT cells make organ transplants difficult

b.b. When an organ is transplanted, your When an organ is transplanted, your immune system recognizes as “foreign” (as immune system recognizes as “foreign” (as an antigen) and attacks it an antigen) and attacks it organ rejection organ rejection

c.c. To prevent organ rejection, doctors search To prevent organ rejection, doctors search for a donor whose cell markers are almost for a donor whose cell markers are almost identical to the patient who needs the organidentical to the patient who needs the organ

IV. Immune System DisordersIV. Immune System DisordersA.A. AllergiesAllergies

1.1. Overreaction of the immune system to allergens (ex: Overreaction of the immune system to allergens (ex: pollen, dust balls, dust mites)pollen, dust balls, dust mites)

2.2. Allergens attach to cells that release histamines which Allergens attach to cells that release histamines which increase blood flow and fluids increase blood flow and fluids a.a. result result sneezing, running nose, watery eyes sneezing, running nose, watery eyes

B.B. AsthmaAsthma1.1. Chronic respiratory disease in which air Chronic respiratory disease in which air

passages have become narrower than passages have become narrower than normalnormal

2.2. Wheezing, coughing, & difficulty breathingWheezing, coughing, & difficulty breathing

3.3. Triggered by infections, exercise, emotional Triggered by infections, exercise, emotional stress, or environmental conditionsstress, or environmental conditions

C.C. Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune Diseases1.1. The immune system makes a mistake and The immune system makes a mistake and

attacks the body’s own cellsattacks the body’s own cells

2.2. Ex: type I diabetes, multiple sclerosisEx: type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis

3.3. Treatment – medications, ex: insulin shots Treatment – medications, ex: insulin shots for type I diabetesfor type I diabetes

More than 25 million people have died of AIDS since 1981.

Africa has 12 million AIDS orphans.

By December 2005, women accounted for 46% of all adults living with HIV worldwide, and for 57% in sub-

Saharan Africa.

Young people (15-24 years old) account for half of all new HIV infections worldwide - more than 6,000

become infected with HIV every day.

Of the 6.5 million people in developing and transitional countries who need life-saving AIDS drugs,

only 1 million are receiving them.

V. Environment & HealthV. Environment & HealthA.A. Air and water quality, poisonous wastes in Air and water quality, poisonous wastes in

landfills, and exposure to solar radiation affect landfills, and exposure to solar radiation affect your healthyour health

B.B. Air QualityAir Quality1.1. Carbon Monoxide – CO, odorless gas produced when Carbon Monoxide – CO, odorless gas produced when

compounds are burnedcompounds are burneda.a. Found in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, furnacesFound in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, furnaces

2.2. Ozone – OOzone – O33 is near ground level when air is stagnant is near ground level when air is stagnant3.3. Airborne particles – allergens, lead, asbestosAirborne particles – allergens, lead, asbestos

C.C. Water QualityWater Quality1.1. Biological pollutants, such as animal wastes, contain Biological pollutants, such as animal wastes, contain

bacteria & virusesbacteria & viruses

2.2. Chemical pollutants can cause organ or DNA damageChemical pollutants can cause organ or DNA damage

D.D. BioterrorismBioterrorism1.1. International use of biological agents to disable or kill International use of biological agents to disable or kill

individualsindividuals

2.2. Release of infectious agents (ex: anthrax) or spread of Release of infectious agents (ex: anthrax) or spread of toxic compounds (ex: botulinus toxin)toxic compounds (ex: botulinus toxin)

E.E. CancerCancer1.1. Cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy Cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy

healthy tissuehealthy tissue

2.2. Causes of CancerCauses of Cancera.a. Inherited, caused by viruses, or mutations in DNA Inherited, caused by viruses, or mutations in DNA

caused by chemicals or radiationcaused by chemicals or radiation

b.b. Carcinogen – an agent that triggers mutations of Carcinogen – an agent that triggers mutations of DNA in normal cells causing cancerDNA in normal cells causing cancer

1)1) Cigarette smoke is responsible for Cigarette smoke is responsible for ½½ the cancers in the the cancers in the U.S.!U.S.!

2)2) Radiation – sunlight, X-rays, & nuclear radiation that Radiation – sunlight, X-rays, & nuclear radiation that cause mutations in DNAcause mutations in DNA

3.3. Treating CancerTreating CancerSurgery, radiation therapy, drug therapySurgery, radiation therapy, drug therapy

4.4. Preventing cancerPreventing cancerearly detection has higher successful treatment ratesearly detection has higher successful treatment ratesregular checkups with your doctor and self examination for regular checkups with your doctor and self examination for skin, breast, or testicular cancerskin, breast, or testicular cancerprotect your body from agents that cause cancerprotect your body from agents that cause cancereat fruits, vegetables, whole grainseat fruits, vegetables, whole grains