第3册unit4 fun, oh boy

Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from it

Unit 4Unit 4

Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from it

Watch the video clip and answer the following questions.

1. What is wrong with Mable?

2. What’s the name of the game?

3. Do you think it is fun to play that game? Where is fun in your opinion?

Audiovisual SupplementCultural Information

She just got braces.

The peanut-butter game.

Yes. Fun is around us and in our daily life.

George: All right, yeah.Ira: You okay, man?George: Yeah, yeah, I’m good. I hope they got

some food.Laura: I’m so glad you guys came, hello, hi.George: Good to see you.-wow. Ira: Hi, how’s it going? Oh! Thank you.George: Jeez, beautiful house!Laura: Thank you.George: How long have you guys been here?Laura: We’ve been here about five years now.Ingrid: What’s up?Laura: This is my friend, George. And this is Ira.

This is Ingrid.Ira: Wow! George didn’t mention you had a

daughter.


From Funny People

George: Have you seen any of my movies?Ingrid: I saw the movie where you had a baby

body.George: So, you saw re-do. Can you do the face?

Hey, that’s a good impression.Mable: Don’t leave me in the playroom!Laura: This is my daughter, Mable. She just got

braces.George: Oh, yeah, let me see them. You mind if I

eat a little bit of that sandwich right there? Ira? Ira: I’m … I’m full.Ingrid: Do you guys want to play the peanut-butter

game?Laura: It’s fun. You want to play?George: Let’s do it!Laura: Ira?Ira: Yeah, I like peanut butter, yeah.


Laura: Let’s do the peanut-butter game!George: All right! Hooray! Peanut-butter game!

Peanut-butter game! Laura: Okay, just put a little bit.Mable: Ok.Ira: What’s she doing? Laura: A little bit. Okay, okay. I think that’s good.George: This is what you guys do in your free

time? Okay. Ingrid: There he is! Ira: Oh, boy. Come on. He got her. He got her. Oh,

so, you’re supposed to do it on the ears.Laura: George’s turn! Yeah! George’s turn!George: No. I don’t want to do that. No, Ira will go,

let Ira go.


Ira: No, no, George.Ingrid: Come on. Okay, all right!George: I just washed my hair this morning.George! George!George: Oh! God. No! That’s not the game.


1. Fun can be defined as a pleasurable experience, enjoyable occupation or an activity that involves amusement or pleasure.

2. But what do we view as fun? The answer may depend on our age, because what's pleasant and fun for a child is not necessarily entertaining and fun for a teenager or an adult.

3. What people consider fun often changes with age and maturity.

Audiovisual SupplementCultural Background

• In this text, the author challenges the modern idea that fun is there for the asking and that fun overshadows everything.

• The author argues, instead, that fun is hard to have and that fun is a rare jewel.

Structural AnalysisText Analysis

Structural AnalysisText Analysis

Paragraphs

Main idea

1-5

6-11

12-15

Part 1 introduces the thesis of the essay: Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel.Part 2 points out a prevalent misconception, and consequences thereof, that everything is supposed to be fun.Part 3 is the concluding part of the essay where the author suggests that we ought to treat fun reverently.

Detailed Reading

Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from itSuzanne Britt Jordan

1 Fun is hard to have.2 Fun is a rare jewel.3 Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into (sakes alive!) puritans.4 “Was it fun?” became the question that overshadowed all other questions: good questions like: Was it moral? Was it kind? Was it honest? Was it beneficial? Was it generous? Was it necessary? And (my favorite) was it selfless?

5 When the pleasures got to be the main thing, the fun fetish was sure to follow. Everything was supposed to be fun. If it wasn’t fun, then by Jove, we were going to make it fun, or else.6 Think of all the things that got the reputation of being fun. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Sex was supposed to be fun. Education was supposed to be fun. Work was supposed to be fun. Walt Disney was supposed to be fun. Church was supposed to be fun. Staying fit was supposed to be fun.7 Just to make sure that everybody knew how much fun we were having, we put happy faces on flunking test papers, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors, bathroom mirrors.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading

8 If a kid, looking at his very happy parents traipsing through that very happy Disney World, said, “This ain’t fun, ma,” his ma’s heart sank. She wondered where she had gone wrong. Everybody told her what fun family outings to Disney World would be. Golly gee, what was the matter?9 Fun got to be such a big thing that everybody started to look for more and more thrilling ways to supply it. One way was to step up the level of danger or licentiousness or alcohol or drug consumption so that you could be sure that, no matter what, you would manage to have a little fun.

Detailed Reading

10 Television commercials brought a lot of fun and fun-loving folks into the picture. Everything that people in those commercials did looked like fun: taking Polaroid snapshots, swilling beer, buying insurance, mopping the floor, bowling, taking aspirin. We all wished, I’m sure, that we could have half as much fun as those rough-and-ready guys around the locker room, flicking each other with towels and pouring champagne. The more commercials people watched, the more they wondered when the fun would start in their own lives. It was pretty depressing.

Detailed Reading

11 Big occasions were supposed to be fun. Christmas, Thanksgiving and Easter were obviously supposed to be fun. Your wedding day was supposed to be fun. Your wedding night was supposed to be a whole lot of fun. Your honeymoon was supposed to be the epitome of fundom. And so we ended up going through every Big Event we ever celebrated, waiting for the fun to start.12 It occurred to me, while I was sitting around waiting for the fun to start, that not much is, and that I should tell you just in case you’re worried about your fun capacity.

Detailed Reading

13 I don’t mean to put a damper on things. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when you’re doing your duty, your job, or your work. It may even come on a Tuesday.

Detailed Reading

14 I remember one day, long ago, on which I had an especially good time. Pam Davis and I walked to the College Village drug store one Saturday morning to buy some candy. We were about 12 years old (fun ages). She got her Bit-O-Honey. I got my malted milk balls, chocolate stars, Chunkys, and a small bag of M & M’s. We started back to her house. I was going to spend the night. We had the whole day to look forward to. We had plenty of candy. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say, “Oughta reach home by nightfall,” at which point the two of us would laugh until we thought we couldn’t stand it another minute.

Detailed Reading

Then after we got calm, she’d say it again. You should have been there. It was the kind of day and friendship and occasion that made me deeply regretful that I had to grow up.15 It was fun.

1. What is the thesis statement of the essay? (paragraph 1-2)

Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel.

Detailed Reading

2. In Paragraph 4, a series of questions has been raised. What’s the effect of it? (paragraph 4)Here, by making a startling statement (the question “Was it fun?” overshadowed all other questions) and raising a series of questions, Jordan points out that fun has become the major concern of people. It has outweighed many other questions.

Detailed Reading

What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan ? (Paragraph 7)

Failing in a test, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors are some of the things that are not sources of fun.

Detailed Reading

What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? (Paragraph 9)

Today as people live under unprecedented stress, they can hardly relax and the monotonous routine work is not in the least exciting for them. Only when they indulge themselves in drugs and alcohol can they forget the worries of the day and have a little fun.

Detailed Reading

What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? (Paragraph 11)

With high expectations for fun, people are not contented with the joy that big occasions such as holidays, weddings or birthdays bring them. To make up for the inadequacy of fun and joy, they are still expecting the next big occasion which might bring them excitement.

1. How does Jordan develop Paragraph 13? (Paragraph 13)To develop the idea, the author uses definition: “it is a mystery”, and comparison and contrast. Some figurative techniques are employed to further define what fun is, which include personification: “When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it.” and simile: “It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal.”

Detailed Reading

2. What does “It may even come on a Tuesday” mean? (Paragraph 13)

Tuesday is a workday, the day following the blue Monday. It is commonly regarded as an ordinary day when everyone is supposed to be doing the routine work. As a rule, no holidays, no big occasions would take place on this day. But if we treat fun properly, we can have fun even on such an ordinary day.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading

Why does Jordan use an anecdote to conclude her essay? (Paragraph 14)

Here Jordan suggests that it is easier for children to have fun than it is for grown-ups.

Class ActivityGroup discussion: An imaginary event is presented in Paragraph 8 and a real one in Paragraph 14. What’s the function of the narration of these two events?Tip: In the imaginary event, the elaborate preparation of the parents was wasted and the child failed to have the expected fun, whereas in the real event, the simple childish behavior gave the children satisfaction and joy. With a comparison of these events, the author suggests that what is supposed to be fun may not enable one to have a good time. The simple joy of life is the real fun people are seeking.

Detailed Reading

overshadow v. make sb. or sth. less successful, important, or impressive by comparison with others; dominate

e.g. Ben overshadows all his colleagues with his extraordinary insight and quick wit.

She is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.

Detailed Reading

flunk v. fail, esp. (in) a course or an exam

e.g. The boy was upset because he flunked (in) an English exam.

Detailed Reading

flunk outexpel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet the required standardse.g. We didn’t flunk out, but our records weren’t so

good.

traipse v. walk wearily

e.g. She spent the day traipsing from one shop to another.

Detailed Reading

epitome n. an ideal; a typical representation

e.g. His father is the epitome of goodness.

Detailed Reading

epitomize v. be an epitome of sth.

e.g. He epitomizes the loving father.

She epitomizes all the good qualities of her family.

Detailed Reading

Practice

1. 他认为猫是懒惰的化身。

In his eye, the cat is the epitome of laziness.

2. 这本手册概括了日常卫生的要点。

This handbook is a neat epitome of everyday hygiene.

3. 这位银行经理的身上集中体现了他们家族的一切优秀品质。

The bank manager epitomizes all the good qualities of his family.

damper n. (inf.) sth. that stops an occasion from being as enjoyable as it was intended to be

e.g. The bad news put / cast / threw a damper on the party.

Will the snow put a bit of a damper on your hike plans?

Detailed Reading

blaspheme v. show contempt or disrespect for (God, a divine being, or sacred things)

e.g. The bank manager began to rage and blaspheme (against) God.

The spiritual leader charged that the film blasphemed Islam.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading

malted milka soluble powder made of dried milk, malted barley, and wheat flour 麦乳精（由牛奶、大麦麦牙和面粉制成的可溶粉粒）

chunky a. 1. (of candy, etc.) containing small, thick pieces

2. (of a man) short and strong; stocky

e.g. chunky peanut butter; chunky soup

Detailed Reading

e.g. A chunky man usually has a wide upper body and looks strong.

scan v. 1. examine sth. carefully, with the eyes or with a

machine, in order to obtain information

2. To scan a text can also mean look through it quickly in order to find a piece of information that one wants or get a general idea of what the text contains.

e.g. She anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son.

Detailed Reading

e.g. Now, scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.

Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into (sakes alive!) puritans. (Paragraph 3)

Paraphrase:

Nowadays, people would believe that they can have fun whenever they ask for it, and they should have fun; otherwise they would be leading a dull and bitter life as a puritan.

Detailed Reading

The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. (Paragraph 13)

Paraphrase:

We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as we has expected it to be.

Detailed Reading

Phrase Practice

Word Derivation

Synonym / Antonym

Vocabulary Translation Integrated SkillsOral ActivitiesWriting ListeningGrammar

1) insure v. → insurance n. → insured n.&a.

保险公司可以给你保寿险。

未投保者需自付修理费。

投保人需支付一定比例的医药费。


An insurance company will insure your life.

People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs.

The insured are required to pay a portion of all medical bills.

e.g.


2) deserve v. → undeserved a. → deserving a.

这篇文章值得仔细研究。

他有罗密欧之称是名不副实的。

值得同情的

The article deserves careful study.

His reputation as a Romeo is quite undeserved.

be deserving of sympathy

e.g.


3) generous a. → generosity n. → generously adv.

贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量。

他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。

请慷慨施予。

A wise ruler is generous in victory.

His generosity manifests itself in times of need.

Please give generously.

e.g.


4) benefit n. / v. → beneficial a.

新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。

这些设施使全城受益。

新鲜空气有益健康。

The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all.

These facilities have benefited the whole town.

Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.

e.g.


5) regret n. / v.→ regrettable a.

我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛。

很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。

她粗俗无礼，令人遗憾。

I heard of his death with great regret.

I regret that I cannot help.

Her rudeness was highly regrettable.

e.g.

6) mirth n. → mirthful a. → mirthless a.

圣诞节是个快乐的日子，尤其是对孩子们。

她那滑稽的装束引得客人哄堂大笑。

苦笑


Christmas is a time of mirth, especially for children.

Her funny costume caused much mirthful laughter among the guests.

a mirthless laugh

e.g.


7) blaspheme v. → blasphemy n. → blasphemous a.

他醉酒后总是骂骂咧咧，诅天咒地。

谋杀和亵渎神明都是不可饶恕的大罪。

满屋的人都对他那亵渎神明的语言感到愤慨。

He always swears and blasphemes when he’s drunk.

Murder and blasphemy are mortal sins.

The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.

e.g.


8) revere v. → reverence n. → reverent a.

那教授学识渊博备受敬重。

他脱下帽子表示敬意。

恭敬的态度﹑姿势等

The professor was revered for his immense learning.

He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.

reverent attitudes, gestures, etc.

e.g.

3. If you go on driving so rashly, you will in hospital.

4. They tried every means to production.

1. In your mad pursuit to destroy evil, you may evil yourself.


end up________

2. It never me that he was a double agent.

step up________

turn into__________

occurred to

______________

Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation from the text.

5. Moby-Dick tells the story of how Ahab, the captain of a whaling ship, is determined to the white whale for it has crippled one of his legs.

pay____ bac

k_____


e.g.水冻起来就能结成冰。

Water turns into ice when it freezes.

turn into: (cause sb./sth. to) pass from one condition or state to another


e.g.她从未想到问问他人。

It never occurred to her to ask anyone.

occur to: come into (a person's mind)


e.g.你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。

If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.

end up: reach or come to a certain place, state or action, esp. by a lengthy route or process


e.g.进一步推进核武器裁减

step up the campaign for nuclear disarmament

step up: increase sth.; improve sth.


e.g.他对我使坏，我得治治他。

I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.

pay … back: punish sb. or get one's revenge

failing

1. Family outings were supposed to be fun.

Synonyms:excursion, jaunt

2. Just to make sure that everybody knew how much fun we were having, we put happy faces on flunking test papers, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors, bathroom mirrors.

Synonym:


3. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently.

Antonyms: irreverently, disrespectfully, contemptuously

4. Television commercials brought a lot of fun and fun-loving folks into the picture.

Synonym:advertisements


5. Your honeymoon was supposed to be the epitome of fundom.

Synonym:example

6. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party.

Antonyms:grief, sadness, melancholy

7. I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore.

Synonyms:profane, revile


8. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say …

Synonyms: examine, scrutinize

Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated SkillsOral ActivitiesWriting

Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Effect

Tense

Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Effect This type of clause explains the reasons for what happens in the main clauses. Conjunctions, like because, as, since, now (that), are often used in the adverbial clauses of cause.


Because is used when the reason is the most import part of the sentence. Therefore, the because-clause usually comes at the end. As and since are used when the reason is already well-known, or is less important than the rest of the sentence. They can also mean “in view of the fact that”. As- and Since- clauses often begin the sentence.


Now that has a meaning very close to as and since.We use so … that to say that a result happens because something has a quality to a particular extent. So is used before adverbs or adjectives.

PracticeChoose the best answer.1. Because he was tired, he scored poorly on the

exam, into the university.a. this will cause him to not be admittedb. this is a fact which will cause him to not be admittedc. which will cause him to not be admittedd. which will cause him to not admit

2. the TOEFL with a score of 550, he will be admitted into the university.a. Now that he passesb. That he has passedc. Now, he has passedd. Now that he has passed

Vocabulary Translation Integrated SkillsOral ActivitiesWritingGrammar

c___

d___


3. Since July 4th is a holiday, have to go to work.a. so we do notb. we do notc. as a result, we do notd. thus, we do not

4. You yourself had to go back to Saudi Arabia to take care of some business in his own company.a. and he neededb. because he neededc. which he neededd. because he need

b___

b___


5. have to work today, we should go to Laguna Beach.a. For we do notb. We do notc. Since we do notd. Since we do no

6. Fabiana will not go to work today a bit ill.a. , she isb. because shec. because she isd. which is she is

c___

c___


7. , the temperature should begin dropping.a. Now that the sun settingb. Now that the sun setc. The sun settingd. Now that the sun has set

8. is important since most professional jobs require writing skills.a. Learn how to writeb. Learning how writec. Learning how to writed. Learning how to write it is

d___

c___


9. , the research paper is beneficial to students since it requires them to critically think, read, and write about a specific body of knowledge in which they have an interest.a. A requirement at most universitiesb. It is a requirement at most universitiesc. A requirement at most universities it isd. Requirement at most universities

a___


Tense Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time and indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal verb, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. Tense places temporal references along a conceptual timeline. This differs from “aspect”, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than “when”. Typical tenses are present, past, and future.


PracticeComplete the following letter with the appropriate forms of the verbs given. Dear Peter, Do you by any chance know where Bob is? I (like) to find out because I Just (hear) of a job that exactly (suit) him, but if he (not apply) fairly soon, of course he (not get) it. I last (see) him about a month ago, when he just (leave) his job with the film company. He (say) he (go) to France for a holiday and (promise) to send me a

should /have just heard__________________would like

__________

____________

would exactly suit____________________

doesn’t apply_______________

won’t get___________

saw____

had just left / was just leaving__________________________________

said _____ was going ___________

promised ___________


postcard with his French address as soon as he (find) a place to stay. But I (hear) nothing since then and (not know) even whether he (go) to France or not. If you (know) his address, I (be) very grateful if you (phone) me. I (try) to phone you several times but your phone (not seem) to be working.

doesn’t seem_______________

would phone______________

(had) found_____________

don’t know_____________

know ______ should be / would be_______________________

went ______

have heard_____________

have tried___________

Yours,

Jack

1. 毫无疑问，莎士比亚使各个时代剧作家相形见绌。(overshadow)

If you are overshadowed by a person or thing, you are less successful, important, or impressive than they are.


Translate the following sentences into English.

It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.

Practice：高大的栎树把花园遮得很暗。

他最近去世了，这给家庭聚会蒙上了阴影。


Large oak trees overshadow the garden.

His recent death overshadowed the family gathering.

尽管她事业有成，但和丈夫相比总觉逊色。

Despite her professional success, she was always overshadowed by her husband.

2. 《了不起的盖茨比》（ The Great Gatsby ）被普遍认为是美国上世纪爵士时代的宿影。 (epitome)


If you say that a person or thing is the epitome of something, you are emphasizing that they are the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing.

The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.


Practice：她是仁慈的化身。

She’s the epitome of kindness.

3. 你最好不要对他去哈佛大学深造的热情泼冷水。 (put a damper on)


put a damper on: cause (an event, atmosphere, etc.) to be less cheerful, excited, etc.

It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.


Practice：他们的争论使聚会颇为扫兴。

Their argument put a bit of a damper on the party.

4. 年轻人容易盲目崇拜体育圈和娱乐圈迷人的明星。(make a fetish of)


make a fetish of: give more respect or attention than is normal or sensible

Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.


Practice：他把自己的新车奉若神明。

He makes a fetish of his new car.

5. 他们一路闲逛，漫步来到市中心区域观看庆祝国庆的烟花燃放。 (traipse)


If you traipse somewhere, you go there slowly or unwillingly, often because you are tired or unhappy.

They traipsed all the way to the downtown area to watch the National Day fireworks display.


Practice：我们逛了一下午，疲惫不堪地逛了一家又一家商店。

We spent the afternoon traipsing from one shop to another.

6. 他说，名声是一个许多人愿意掉下去的陷阱。 (trap)


A trap is a trick that is intended to catch or deceive someone.

He said that reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.


Practice：你恰恰中了我的计。

You fell right into my trap.


Dictation

Cloze


Dictation You will hear a passage read three times. At

the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should check what you have written down.

The first of April / is commonly known as April Fools Day / and it’s a custom on this day / to play a trick on a friend. / You do this / by causing your friend to believe something / that isn’t true. / If your friend falls into the trap, / then he or she is an April fool. / This strange custom has been observed / by both children and adults for centuries. / Its origin is uncertain / and may once have been cruel. / But today the tricks and practical jokes are harmless/ and played mostly for fun. / Usually April jokes are played on friends and colleagues/ but sometimes they are played on a wider scale. / One serious national newspaper / reported on a new machine/ to transport passengers from London to Australia in ten minutes. /


Dictation


Another published a four-page survey / of a nonexistent island in the Pacific. / And even on BBC television news/ there was an item / which showed a kind of an Italian noodle / being harvested from trees.

Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. Over the years, (1) working hours have shrunk, people found that they had more free time on their (2) to spend on leisurely activities. Sitting home with a book could only (3) so far, and thus an entire industry sprung (4) to make money on those who wanted “something to do.” This is the leisure industry, which actually spans numerous types of (5) . Leisure industry resources returned limited (6) no results. Leisure industry resources have been expanded to (7) entertainment industry, restaurant industry, lodging industry, sports industry and gambling industry resources.

as___

hands _______

go____


up____

industries___________

or____

include _________

Essentially, the leisure industry, which continues to grow, works (8) helping people spend their money. This is not necessarily a negative. Numerous jobs are (9) by leisure industry businesses. Leisure industry businesses can also be highly enjoyable places to visit, especially when they (10) at making patrons feel important and welcome. They can offer entertainment, excitement, nourishment or pampering, but they do come at a price.


provided___________

on____

aim_____

Here needs a conjunction; otherwise, the two simple sentences would be incomplete.



A noun is expected in this prepositional phrase. And in terms of meaning, this phrase means “under control”.


After modal verb ， the basic form of a verb is needed here.


Spring often collocates with up and this phrase means something suddenly appears.


Based on context and grammar, a noun is needed.


Limited results and no results are two different results which needs a conjunction to link them.


After the infinitive marker “to”, the basic form of a verb is naturally expected. In terms of meaning, entertainment industry, restaurant industry, lodging industry, sports industry and gambling industry resources are parts of leisure industry resources.


Between works and helping, a preposition is needed. In terms of meaning, it means trying very hard to achieve or improve something.


The sentence is in passive voice, and here a verb of past participle is needed.


This sentence lacks a predicate which means plan or hope to achieve something.


Giving a Talk

Having a Discussion


Words and expressions for reference:relieve stress, blow off stress, great fun, it’s fun to …, for fun, just for the fun of it, sb. is fun, a fun day / evening, make fun of

Topic: The Biggest Fun in My Life


Viewpoints for reference: If you have an optimistic attitude and look at everything from the positive side, you can have fun in everything.

Topic: Must everything you do be fun?

Sometimes in the process of writing, you may deviate somewhat from what you have argued and so it will be necessary to go back and reword the introduction.

The conclusion should match the introduction in terms of the ideas presented and the arguments put forward.


Essay Writing: How to Write the Conclusion

The conclusion is written in one paragraph and its main purpose is to sum up the arguments of the essay, which the author revealed in the topic sentences of the body paragraphs.

It summarizes the evidence in support of the thesis statement of the essay and restates this statement.


Finally, the conclusion is not the place in your essay to introduce new information or new ideas: these, if any, should be included in the body of your essay.


A good conclusion is always creative and logically sound.

This is the last part of the essay and it makes the final impression on the reader.

It is vital to remember:

Any conclusion should never repeat the assertions presented in the essay word for word.

A good conclusion should be short but very clear.


Sample … Before 1860, only a tiny minority of the population believed that Italy could ever become a unified nation under one Italian ruler. Yet, despite this belief and the many obstacles blocking the path to unification such as differences and suspicion between the many regions of the peninsula, the lack of planning and common goals, the divergent views and politics amongst the men who fought for unity, the Piedmont region emerged “... as the nucleus around which the rest of Italy could gather” (Mack Smith, 1959: 17). On March 17, 1861, the Kingdom of Italy

This sample of essay conclusion is one of a longer essay on the question: Italy on the eve of 1860 has often been described as an unlikely nation. Why? The first sentence is a reference to the essay question, or topic. The second sentence goes to the thesis point after an overview of arguments explaining the obstacles to Italy’s unification. And the third or the last sentence is a concluding remark and also a reference to the essay question. The conclusion is clear and most remarkably logical in that it refers to the introduction and the essay topic unequivocably. It makes the essay an organic and powerful body.


Analysis of the Sample

Why a Dog? North American pets are the most pampered in the world. The dog is the most popular of all pets. People own dogs for three main reasons: companionship, security, and friendship. Dogs are good companions for people. For example, older people often keep a small dog when children have moved away. They will talk to the dog and the dog will always listen. When the older person comes home, the dog wags its tail and is glad to see them. Dogs are great companions.


Practice On the basis of the passage below, write a concluding paragraph.

Dogs are not only good companions, but they also provide security. Often, a dog will smell someone near a house and begin to bark. It is especially important when a person is away at work or shopping. If someone comes in, the dog will surely bite him. Security is an important reason for people to own a dog. Security may be important, but meeting people is a significant result of dog ownership. While walking, dogs love to sniff each other and make acquaintance. While they do, the owners can strike up a conversation, too. Dog parks provide owners with a place to have conversation while the dogs play together. If you are lonely in the city, perhaps a dog can help you with meeting new friends. …



A Sample Conclusion … Companionship, security and friendship are three main reasons for people to own a dog. Be sure to think carefully, however, before you make the big step of owning one because dogs may live as long as 16 years.

Text II Memorable Quotes

Lead-in Questions

Text

Questions for Discussion

And those who are truly happy do not depend on thrills for their happiness, for thrills can only help to get rid of the feeling of boredom.

Lead-in QuestionsWhat is the essence of happiness? Can thrills bring us happiness?


It is the simple joy in life rather than the thrilling experience that provides us with happiness, which is deep and lasting.

Happiness chiefly derives from affection for people and interest in various objects in the external world.

Happiness is not rooted in thrills, which are merely amusements.


The Age of Thrills

Robert Lynd

1 This is, above all other ages, the age of thrills. The Romans, no doubt, had their Colosseum, but I doubt if even the Romans expected to be thrilled so continuously as we do nowadays. They had not cinemas running all day long in all parts of the city, or publishing houses pouring out Tarzans and Sheiks by the hundred thousand.


They know nothing of those excitements of speed which you can get nowadays from a race on a motor-omnibus. They did not possess a single aero-plane, and so were never able to sit with their hearts in their mouths watching “stunts” in the air. They seem to have had very little choice between reading Virgil and Caesar and other authors of famous schoolbooks, and going to see the gladiators. No schoolboy, however humane, will be surprised to learn that most of them preferred to go and see the gladiators.

2 I doubt, however, if we are any happier as a result of the multiplication of thrills in our daily lives. Few of our happiest memories are memories of sensations. Everybody who saw the first Zeppelin brought down over London in flames seemed very happy the next day: they had had the experience of having seen something unique, and for the moment they were able to flatter themselves on their superiority to those of their fellow-creatures who had missed the sensational spectacle. But who now feels happier in his memory for having enjoyed the horror and the triumph of that thrill?


I saw only two Zepplins brought down in flames, but to remember them gives me no happiness that I would not gladly part with for a Jubilee sixpence. I prefer infinitely to remember lying on my back on a grassgrown railway bridge on an Easter Monday, in the sun more than ten years before and eating two sorts of sandwiches wrapped in a newspaper. I do not remember the flavor of the sandwiches, but I remember the cousin who was with me and the sunshine and the grass and the feeling that I couldn't have been happier if I had been in Heaven. Looking backward, we are happier because we have liked somebody or something than because we have participated in the thrill of some great public event.


3 Thrills, indeed, are merely an amusement, and their effect vanishes as quickly as the effect of a game of cards. Those who enjoy life most enjoy thrills least. Or it might be nearer the truth to say that they are least dependent on thrills for their happiness. The autobiography of the happiest man would not be record of sensational experiences. Charles Lamb’s tenderest essay was called Old China, not Murderers I Have Met. Think yourself back into happiness and it is ten to one you will find yourself in a sunny garden and not at some exciting public show.


The first time you heard a willow-wren’s song and saw it lifting it beak to sing in the shadow of the sycamore leaves seems an infinitely more wonderful thing to look back on than a riot in the streets with bayonets drawn and policemen charging and broken-skulled civilians borne off to the hospital.

4 Nor are the best books the most thrilling books.

Guy Boothby was a more thrilling author than Jane Austen, yet who troubles even to remember any of Guy Boothby’s novels today? Great literature has its exaltations, but a thrill is merely a superficial excitement of the nerves, and moves the imagination or the affections about as little or as much as a strong cup of coffee.



5 I confess to an occasional — nay, frequent — craving for coffee and to an occasional — nay, frequent — craving for thrills, but, as for happiness, I should prefer to grow broad beans and lettuces in a walled garden and to sit in a deck-chair in my shirtsleeves, watching their brief lives till they were ready for the table.


About the author: Robert Wilson Lynd (1879-1949) was an Irish writer, an urbane literary essayist and strong Irish nationalist. He is remembered today for numerous essays of elegance and fluency.


Colosseum (Paragraph 1): The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire.


Tarzans and Sheiks (Paragraph 1): Tarzan is a fictional character, an archetypal feral child raised in the African jungle by apes, who later returns to civilization only to largely reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer. Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel Tarzan of the Apes (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and then in twenty-three sequels and innumerable works in other media. Sheik, head of Arabian tribe, or African jungle tribe or village, is another character in the story of Tarzan. And Tarzans and Sheiks, in their plural forms, refer to adventure stories in publication in general.


Virgil (Paragraph 1): Virgil, or Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC-September 21, 19 BC), was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works — the Bucolics, the Georgics and the Aeneid — although several minor poems are also attributed to him. The son of a farmer, Virgil came to be regarded as one of Rome's greatest poets and his Aeneid as Rome's national epic.


Caesar (Paragraph 1): Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC-44BC), was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.


Zeppelin (Paragraph 2): A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century, based on designs he had outlined in 1874, and detailed in 1893. Due to the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the term zeppelin in casual use came to refer to all rigid airships. After the outbreak of World War I, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts.


Charles Lamb’s tenderest essay was called Old China (Paragraph 3): Charles Lamb (1775-1834) was an English/Welsh essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children’s book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764-1847). Lamb has been called the most lovable figure in English literature, and his influence on the English essay form surely cannot be overestimated. Old China is an essay included in the Essays of Elia.


Guy Boothby (Paragraph 4): Guy Newell Boothby (1867-1905) was an Australian novelist and writer. Some of Boothby’s earlier works relate to stories of Australian life, but later he turned to genre fiction. He was once well known for his series of five novels about Doctor Nikola, an occultist anti-hero seeking immortality and world domination.


Jane Austen (Paragraph 4): Jane Austen (1775-1817) was one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature. She is best known for novels Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Emma (1815).

1. What, according to the author, is the most distinctive feature of our age?

Our age, according to the author, is the age of thrills. It generates many more thrills than any of the previous ages did and people in our age expect to be thrilled as continuously as people in no other ages did. We have cinemas running all day long, publishing houses pouring out thousands upon thousands of thrillers every day and various devices of excitements of speed. We are by no means short of a diversity and variety of thrills.



2. What is the difference of great books and thrilling books?

Great books bring us exaltations while thrilling books only excite our nerves superficially; great books inspire imagination and affection while thrilling books can hardly do so. Great books can help us to gain an insight into the reality, into the essence of life, into the nature of human beings and into the truth of the universe while thrilling books can help us escape from reality and worries in life for some time.


3. Should we deny ourselves entirely the excitement of thrills?

We, as human beings, can enjoy thrills occasionally, for various forms of thrills can serve as a kind of spice in life, but what is important is that we should learn to derive our pleasures from simple things in life so as to feel truly happy. In addition, if we learn how to bear a certain degree of boredom, we may enjoy life more intensely.


To love what you do and feel that it matters — how could anything be more fun?

— Katharine Graham


A great obstacle to happiness is to anticipate too great a happiness.

— Fontenelle

You gotta have fun. Regardless of how you look at it, we’re playing a game. It’s a business, it’s our job, but I don’t think you can do well unless you’re having fun.


A DebateDivide the students into two groups, with two opposite opinions on the topic of the text. Their stands can be “People have to rely on thrilling things to have fun in life”, and “People can have fun in their daily routines instead of relying on outside stimulations.”.Viewpoints:

Have fun in your command. Don’t always run at a breakneck pace. Take leave when you’ve earned it and spend time with your families.


If a man insisted always on being serious, and never allowed himself a bit of fun and relaxation, he would go mad or become unstable without knowing it.

Creative ideas flourish best in a shop which preserves some spirit of fun. Nobody is in business for fun, but that does not mean there cannot be fun in business.


Katharine Meyer Graham (June 16, 1917-July 17, 2001) was an American publisher. She led her family’s newspaper, The Washington Post, for more than two decades, overseeing its most famous period, the Watergate coverage that eventually led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Her memoir, Personal History, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1998.


Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (11 February 1657-9 January 1757), also called Bernard le Bouyer de Fontenelle, was a French author.

第3册unit4 fun, oh boy

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