4-1 syllabus

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES

C.E.T. : 4.103 Periods per week : 4Sessions : 30 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs.Examination : 70 Nature of Exam. : Theory.

Note: The Programs are to be written in "C" only

UNIT - IComputers and Software: Computing environments, the software development processes, Algorithm design,Program composition, Quality Control, Documentation, Storage and Maintenance, Software strategy.Process Models: Uses, Distributed and Lumped parameter models, Linear and Nonlinear models, Steadystate and Dynamic models, continuous and discrete models, Empirical models.Formulation of Process Models: Momentum, mass and energy balances, constitutive rate equations, transportrate equations, chemical kinetic rate expressions, thermodynamic relations.Review on "C" Language Fundamentals.

UNIT - IIFormulation Process Models leading to set of ordinary differential equations and solution procedures byEulers, Modified Eulers and Runge Kutta methods.

UNIT - IIIFormulation of Process Models leading to set of linear simultaneous equations and solution procedures byMethod of determinants, Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan, Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods.

UNIT - IVFormulation of Process Models leading to transcendental and polynomial equations and solution proceduresby Bi-section, Reguli-falsi, Newton Raphson, Richmond, Muller`s and Bairstow methods.

UNIT - VFunction Approximations by linear and nonlinear least square analysis, Approximations by orthogonalfunctions, Chebyshev polynomials.

Examination: One question from each unit with internal choice

Suggested Books:1. Digital Computations for chemical engineers by Leon Lapidus, McGraw Hill Book Company, 19622. Process Modelling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, by William L Luyben, 2nd

edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1990.3. Numerical methods for Engineers by Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 2nd edition, McGraw

Hill International edition, 1988.

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CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II


UNIT - I

Analysis of Non ideal reactors - basic idea. Compartment models - hints, suggestions and possibleapplications. Dispersion number from C and F curves, Conversion using Dispersion and Tanks in seriesmodels for the first order irreversible reaction.UNIT - IISolid catalysts - Adsorption, Adsorption isotherms, Surface area, Void volume and solid density, Porevolume Distribution. Theories of heterogeneous catalysis, Classification of catalysts, Catalyst preparation,Promoters and inhibitors. (to the extent covered in J.M. Smith only)UNIT - IIIHeterogeneous Reactions - Introduction. Solid Catalysed reactions; Development of rate expressions from L- H - H - W models for reaction A + B R + S under Adsorption, surface reaction and desorption controllingcondition. Pore diffusion resistance combined with surface kinetics (Single cylindrical pore, first orderreaction) Porous catalyst particles. Experimental methods for finding rates.UNIT - IVDeactivating catalysts, Mechanisms of catalyst deactivation, The rate and performance equations: The rateequation from experiment, Determining the rate for batch solid sin contact with fluid in batch, mixed flowand plug flow modes for independent deactivation. Effect of pore diffusion resistance.UNIT - VKinetics of fluid - fluid reactions. The rate equation for straight mass transfer of A (absorption). The generalrate equation and the rate equation for reaction with mass transfer. Kinetics of fluid-particle reactions,selection of a model, PCM, SCM, comparison of models with real situations. Shrinking fore model forspherical particles of unchanging size: Diffusion through gas film controls, Diffusion through ash layercontrols, chemical reaction controls. Rate of reaction for shrinking sperical particles

EXAMINARION : One question from each unit with internal choice;

Text Books:1. Chemical Reaction Engineering - Octave Levenspiel, John Wilsey & Sons - Third edition

(1999)2. Chemical Eengineering kinetics - J.M.Smith, Mc Graw - Hill, Third Edition (1981)

REFERECE Book1. Elements of Chemical reaction Engineering - H.Scott Fogler, Prentice - Hall, Second Edition

(1999)

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES LABORATORY

C.E.P. : 4.108 Periods per week : 4Sessions : 25 Duration of Exam. : 4 Hrs.Examination : 50 Nature of Exam. : Theory.

Note: The Programs are to be written in 'C" only

PART - A

Application of following Numerical Methods for Process Calculations:

i) Solution of differential equations : Euler`s, Modified Euler`s, Runge-Kutta methodsii) Solution of set of simultaneous equations by Gauss elimination, Gauss Jordan and Gauss

Seidel methods.iii) Solution of transcendental equations by bisection, Reguli Falsi, Newton Raphson and

Richmond iterations.iv) Linear and Nonlinear Least square analysis.

PART - B

Open loop and Closed loop simulations of the following Process systems:

i) Series of isothermal, constant holdup CSTRsii) CSTR with variable holdupsiii) Two heated Tanksiv) Gas Phase Pressurized CSTRv) Non-Isothermal CSTRvi) Single Component Vaporizervii) Batch Reactorviii) Reactor with Mass Transferix) Ideal Binary distillation with holdupsx) Batch distillation with holdupsxi) Vapour Liquid Equilibrium : Bubble Point and Dew Point Calculations

PART - CDemonstration of Software Packages

Suggested Books:

1. Process Modelling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, by William LLuyben, 2

ndedition, Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company, 1990.

2. Process Modelling Analysis and Simulation by B.wayne Bequette, Prentice HallInternational Series, 1998.

3 .Numerical methods for Engineers by Steven C.Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 2nd

edition, McGraw Hill International edition, 1988.

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FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGYELECTIVE - III (4)


UNIT - ISources of Nitrogen and Hydrogen Steam reformation of Hydrocarbons. Coal classificationprocesses. Partial oxidation of fuel oils. Gas purification High & Low temperature shiftconversion, CO2 removal processes Methanation.

UNIT - II

Manufacture of Ammonia. Ammonia synthesis by various processes. By-product Ammoniarecovery by direct and indirect methods. Manufacture of nitric acid.

UNIT - III

Production of Urea Urea processes, manufacture of other nitrogenous fertilizers such asammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride etc.

UNIT - IV

Phosphoric fertilizers single & triple super phosphate manufacture. Production ofammonium phosphates & nitro phosphates, Manufacture of phosphoric acid.

UNIT - V

Potassium Fertilizers, Mixed & compound fertilizers, liquid fertilizers. Indian Fertilizerindustry production Economics and future plans. Fertilizer application techniques fordifferent soil Controlled release fertilizers.

EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Chemistry and Technology of Fertilizers, by V. Sauchelli, Reinhold 1960.2. Ammonia - Slack A.V.Marcel Dekker 1973.3. Manual of fertilizer processing F.T.Nielsson, Marcel Dekker, 1987.

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MASS TRANSFER OPERATION LABORATORY

C.E.P. : 4.107 Periods per week : 4Sessions : 25 Duration of Exam. : 4 Hrs.Examination : 50 Nature of Exam. : Practicals

( Minimum of 8 experiments to be performed)

1.Determination of concentration profile for the given system2.Estimation of differivity coefficient for the gaseous system (Acetone - Air)3.Estimation of differivity coefficient for the liquid system (H2SO4 - water)4.Determination of vapor - liquid equilibrium data for the given system.5.Estimation of vaporization efficiency and prediction of steam distillation temperature.6.Verification of the Rayleigh`s equation for the system of methanol and water.7.Determination of the capacity coefficient of the packed column under total reflux conditions and

calculation of height equivalent to theoretical plate.

8.Development of the solubility curve for the given system9.Prediction of Liquid - Liquid equilibrium data for the given system and determination of the plait point.10.Estimation of the solid - liquid equilibrium data for the given system.11.Estimation of the mass - transfer coefficient and plotting the variation of standard. Number with

Reynold`s member.

12.Developing the drying curve by using tray drier and estimation and composition of time required fordrying the given solid.

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MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS II

C.E.T. : 4.101 Periods per week : 4Sessionals : 30 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs.Examination : 70 Nature of Exam. : Theory.

UNIT - IDistillation: VLE Phase diagrams Tie lines and mixture rule Flash vaporization and differentialdistillation for binary mixtures Steam distillation. Batch distillation with reflux for binary mixtures.

UNIT - IIDistillation : Continuous fractionation of binary mixtures, Ponchon Savrit method and McCabe Thielemethod of determination of ideal plates for binary mixtures Optimum reflux ratio Use of total andpartial condensers. Use of open steam. Types of Condensers and Reboilers. Packed bed distillation.Principals of azeotropic and extractive distillation.

UNIT - IIILiquid Liquid Extraction : Solubilities of ternary liquid systems. Triangular and solvent free coordinatesystems. Choice of solvent. Extraction with insoluble and partially soluble systems single stage, multistagecross current and multistage counter current extraction without reflux and with reflux. Continuous contactextraction (packed beds). Equipments for liquid liquid extraction operation.

UNIT - IVLeaching : Preparation of solid, Unsteady state operation, in-place leaching, heap leaching, percolationleaching, Shanks system, agitated vessels, percolation in closed vessels, Percolation vs Agitation. Steadystate continuous operation equipments - methods of calculation, stage efficiency and practical equilibrium.Single stage leaching, multistage cross current leaching, multistage counter current leaching.

UNIT - VAdsorption : Principles of adsorption and their applications Types of adsorption Adsorbents Adsorption equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms for vapor and dilute solutions. Single stage and multistageadsorption unsteady state adsorption, adsorption wave and breakthrough curve and fixed bed adsorption.Equipment for adsorption operation. Ion-Exhange

EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice

TEXT BOOK : Mass Transfer Operations, R.E.Treybal, 3rd Edition, 1981, McGraw Hill Book Company.

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERINGELECTIVE-III ( 8 )

CET :4.106 PeriodsperWeek :4

Sessionals:30 DurationofExam:3hrs

Exam :70 NatureofExam :Theory

UNIT I :-

Review

of

Nuclear

Physics

Atomic

structure

and

isotopes,

nuclear

binding

energy,

nuclear

stability,

radioactivity, nuclear elements, radioactive nuclides, radioactive decay, alpha decay, beta decay, gamma

rays.

NuclearFissionNeutron reactions,Mechanismof fissionprocess, fissioncrosssections, fission rateand

reactorpower,prompt&delayedfissionneutrons,fissionproducts.

UNIT II :-NuclearFuelMaterialsTypesoffuelmaterials,fuelproperties&characteristics,fuelcycle,prereactorfuel

operations isotopicenrichment&isotopicseparationrequirements,nuclearfuelutilizationbreedingratio,

Uranium,ThoriumandPlutoniumutilization.

Spent fuelmanagementCharacteristicsof spent fuel, storageanddisposal,Reprocessingofspent fuel

solventextractionseparationprocess,otherseparationprocesses.

UNIT III :-Nuclear Fission Reactors General features, classification of nuclear reactors, reactor development for

powerproduction,somecommontypesofpowerreactors pressurizedwaterreactors(PWR),boilingwater

reactors (BWR), heavy water moderated reactors (HWMR), fast breeder reactors (FBR) their design

features,conceptsofheatremoval,control&safetysystems.

UNIT IV :-

NonFuel

Reactor

Materials

Classification,

mechanical

properties,

radiation

effects

of

materials,

corrosion

ofmetals,structuralandcladdingmaterials,moderatorandreflectormaterials.

NuclearRadiationShielding Interactionofalphaparticles,betaparticles,neutronsandgamma rayswith

matter,external& internalradiationsources,biologicaleffectsofradiation,radiationprotectionstandards,

radiationshieldingprinciplesshielddesign&shieldingmaterials.

UNIT V :-EnvironmentalEffectsofNuclearPowerEnvironmentalconcerns,greenhouseeffectof fossil fuelplants,

radiationexposurepathways,reactorradwastetreatmentsystem.

Nuclear

Reactor

Safety

and

Regulation

Public

perception,

technical

risk,

reactor

protection

system,

engineeredsafetyfeaturestheemergencycoolingsystem&containmentsystems.

Examination:Onequestionfromeachunitwithinternalchoice.

TextBooks:

1.NuclearReactorEngineering,bySamuelGlasstoneandAlexanderSesonske,

3rd Ed,CBSPublishers&Distributors,NewDelhi,1986.

2.NuclearReactorEngineeringReactorDesignBasics,bySamuelGlasstoneand

AlexanderSesonske,4thEd:vol.1&2,CBSPublishers&Distributors,

NewDelhi,1998.

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POLLUTION CONTROL IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES


UNIT - I

Introduction to Industrial pollution and types of pollution from chemical industries. Effects of pollution asenvironment and ecosystems - global warning - green house effect.Environmental legislatures - standards and guide lines.UNIT IIAir pollution - Meteorological aspects of pollution dispersion - adiabatio lapse Rate - Environmental lapserate - Turbulence and stability of atmosphere Richardson Number - Plume raise - plume behaviour andcharacteristics effective stack height. Major Air pollutants and their sources and measurement of airpollutants. Indoor air pollution - smoke and hydrocarbons.UNIT - IIIGeneral methods of control of air pollutants removal of sulphur dioxide - oxides of nitrogen and organicvapors from gaseous effluents. Removal of particulate matter - principle and working of settling chamberscyclone separators solid traps, fabric and fibre filters - electro static precipitators. Treatment of gases.UNIT - IVIntroduction to water pollution - water pollutants classification - characteristics of liquid effluents fromfertilizer, pulp & paper and petroleum Industries Estimation of oxygen demands - DO, BOD, COD, TOD -BOD curves oxygen sag curve - modeling of BOD curves.Biological treatment of waste waters - aerobic and anaerobic methods - suspended and attached growthprocesses - bacteria - Reproduction in bacterial - Bacterial growth crushes conventional activated sludgeprocess - Trickling filters Aerated lagoons - stabilization ponds - fluidized bed contractors.UNIT - VPhysical Treatment methods principle and working of screening - sedimentation - flotation - filtration -flocculation. Tertrary Treatment methods - carbon adsorption - Ion Exchange - Reverse Osmosis Boralinchlorinating - ultrafiltration. Sludge treatment and disposal- removal of chromium and phenol from liquideffluents.

Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:1. Pollution control in process industries, by S.P.Mahajan. Mc.Graw Hill Publishing2. Waste Water Treatment by M.Narayanna Rao & A.K.Datta, Oxford and IBH. Publishing Co.

Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.3. Air pollution control by P.Pratap Mouli & N.Venkata subbayya Divya Jyothi Prakasham, Jodhpur.4. Introduction to Waste Water Treatment by R.S.Ramaiho, Academic Press, new york.5. Fundamentals of Air Pollution Control by Stem, Academic press.

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SUGAR TECHNOLOGYELECTIVE - III (2)


UNIT - I

Importance of Sugar Industry. Different raw materials for sugar manufacturing, Compositionof raw materials. Manufacturing processes, Raw sugar, Crystalline white sugar, Reducingsugars.UNIT - IIConveying of raw materials. Extraction of cane juice by milling operation. Maceration andImbibition principles of cane juice clarification methods. Defecation procedures.Sulphitation and carbonation.UNIT - IIIJuice heaters - construction and juice circulation. Filters - plate and Frame filter presses.Continuous Rotary vacuum filters. Washing of filter cake. Evaporation multiple effectevaporators - construction and operation. Steam economy and capacity.UNIT - IVVacuum pan boiling - coil and calandria vacuum pans. Crystallization Nucleation and crystalgrowth, Equipment for crystallization. Centrifuges , Batch and continuous. Separation ofMolasses. Sugar drying, packing of sugar.UNIT - VIntroductory treatment of chemical control - Boiling house control - Recovery formulae (NoelDeer`s, SJM & Gundu Rao) Sugar by-products : oagasse - production of bio-gas, Fibre board,Furfurol Filter mud - Extraction of cane wax, Manuxe, Molasses - Manufacture of Industrialalcohol and rectified spirit. Sugar scales and normal weight. India`s position in world sugarmarket.

Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice.Books:1.Indian Sugar Hand Book, by Spencer and Meade.2.The Manufacture of Sugar from Cane by H.T.P. Horiot and Baet.3.Plantation White Sugar Manufacture of Geelige.4.Cane Sugar and its Manufacture by H.G.Goorlige.5.Introduction to cane sugar Technology by G.H.Jenkions. (Elsevier Publishing Company)6.Sugar by-products - Petrace, Elsevier publishing company.

Reference Books:1.Indian Sugar Journal2.Publications of the Indian Sugar Technologists Association.3.Principles of Sugar Technology by F.Henig.4.Hugot E. Jonkins G.H. Hand Book of Cane Sugar Engineering.5.Cane Sugar by Noel Derr.6.The Manufacture of Cane Sugar by W.Jones and L.Scord.7.Machinery and Equipment of the Cane Sugar Factory by L.A.Tromp.

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T R A N S P O R T P H E N O M E N A

C.E.T. : 4.104. Periodsperweek : 4Sessions : 30. DurationofExam. : 3Hrs.

Examination : 70. NatureofExam. : Theory.

UNIT I

Introduction Mechanism of molecular transport of momentum, heat and Mass Transfer. Flux equations Newtons, Fouriers and Ficks laws. Similarities and differences, Non-Newtonian fluids, transportproperties estimation, temperature and pressure dependence, estimation of transport properties of binarygaseous mixtures.Velocity distributions in laminar flow shell momentum balances Flow of falling film flow of fluidsthrough circular tubes. Annulus and Immiscible fluids between parallel plates. Creeping flow aroundsphere Drag calculations.UNIT - IITemperature distributions in solids and in laminar flow shell balances - Heat conduction withelectrical, Nuclear, viscous and chemical heat source. Heat conduction through composite walls, andcooling fin. Forced convection and free convection.

UNIT - IIIConcentration distributions in solids and in laminar flow - shell mass balances, diffusion through astagnant gas film, Diffusion with homogenous chemical reaction and heterogeneous chemical reaction.Diffusion into a falling liquid film-chemical reaction inside a porous catalyst.UNIT IVEquations of change for isothermal systems Equation of continuity, Equation of Motion, Equations ofchange in curvilinear coordinates, use of equations of change to set up steady flow problems.Equations of change for non-isothermal systems Equation of energy use of equations of change to set upsteady state flow problems.Equation of change for a binary mixture Equation of continuity of a component in curvilinear coordinates.Dimensionless equations of change and principle of similitude.

UNIT - VUnsteady state problems in momentum, energy and Mass Transfer operations.Turbulence - Time smoothing of equations of change of momentum, energy and Mass Transfer. Eddyproperties - Intensity of turbulence Reynolds stresses. Semi empirical expressions for turbulent Momentum energy and mass fluxes.

Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOK :1. Transport Phenomena, R.B.Bird, W.E.Stewart, and E.N.Lightfoot, John Wiley & sons, 19602. Transport phenomena, R.B.Bird; W.E.Stewart and E,N,Lightfoot,

John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 2002REFERECE BOOK:

1. Introduction to Transport Phenomena, R.S.Broadkay, McGraw Hill Publications, 1980.

4-1 syllabus

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