4-23-13

• Do Now: What is the difference between a plant and animal cell?

• LT: I can describe the the functions performed by cells.

P) Chloroplasts (Plants only) (LS1D)

Analogy – Solar Panels

1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar).

2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll

Chloroplasts

Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) (LS1D)

Analogy – ground, rock wall

1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.

2. Structure: Made of cellulose

Cell Wall

Central Vacuole Plants Only (LS1D)

Shape (LS1D)

Animal Plant

Cells-LS1

Definition (LS1A)

= Three part theory about cells

1. All living things are made of cells.

Part 2 of the Theory (LS1A)

2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Part 3 of the Theory (LS1A)

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

yeast cells dividing

How big are cells? (LS1B)

• Microscopic (mostly)

• Measured in microns µm

• (micrometers).

• A µm is one millionth of a meter =

• 10-9 m = one thousandth of 1 mm.

How big are cells? (LS1B)

• Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter

How big are cells?

• Largest cell on the human body =

ovum

• Size=

• 1000 µm in diameter

(1 mm)

Cell Parts (LS1A)

• Cells – the basic unit of life

• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.

Analogy – City of Tacoma

A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane (LS1A)

Analogy – Tacoma city limits

1. Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

Cell membrane

B) Nucleus (LS1A)

1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.

2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA

Analogy – City Hall

Nucleus

C) Nuclear Envelope (LS1A/C)

Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.

2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids

Nuclear Envelope

E) Cytoplasm (LS1A/C)

1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.

2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus

Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Tacoma, except City Hall

Cytoplasm

F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid (LS1A/C)

Analogy – The Laws or City Code

1. Function: information on how to make proteins. a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state)

b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division

2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus

DNA (chromatin)

I) Vacuoles & Vesicles (LS1A/C)

Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.

2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.

Vesicles

J) Lysosomes (LS1A/C)

Analogy – Recycling center

1. Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.

2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles

Lysosomes

K) Mitochondria (LS1A/C)

Analogy – Tacoma Public Utilities

1. Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”

2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Mitochondria

M) Cytoskeleton (LS1A/C)

Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams

1. Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments

b. Microtubules

2. Structure: Tubules

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Cell Types (LS1C)

Nerve CellRed Blood Cells

Muscle CellsStem Cells

Gametes (sex cells)

Skin cells Fat cells

Cell Types (LS1C)

Body systems (LS1C)

Respiratory system Digestive system

Animal classification (LS1E)

Pacific salmon classification (Genus: Oncorhynchus) (LS1E)