4. approaches in counselling (1)

8/3/2019 4. Approaches in Counselling (1)

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APPROCHES IN COUNSELLING



APPROCHES IN COUNSELLING

Psychoanalytical approach

Behavioral approach

Humanistic approach

Cognitive behavioral approach

Eclectic approach



PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROCH

Gain more dramatic insight into how their

defenses & resistances work

Focused on the influence of the past

experiences

Analyzing the root cause of behavior &feelings by exploring the unconscious mind

& the conscious mind¶s relation to it



CONTINUED«««.

The unconscious experiences have a

powerful impact on our daily functioning

Ego defense mechanisms as a way of

explaining behavior



B ASIC TECHNIQUES

Free association

Interpretation

Dream analysis

Resistance

Transference



F REE ASSOCIATION

Basic tool for uncovering repressed or

unconscious material

In which the patient was asked to say

whatever come to mind



DREAM ANALYSIS

Essential procedure for uncovering

unconscious material

Freud saw dream as ³the royal road to the

unconscious´

Dreams express unconscious needs,

conflicts, wishes, fears & repressed

experiences



RESISTANCE

Individuals reluctance to bring into

conscious awareness threatening

unconscious material that has been

previously repressed

Free association, an uncensored &uninhibited flow of ideas produced by the

client that offers clues about the persons

unconscious conflict



TRANS F ERENCE

Clients project attitudes & feeling that they

have had for a parent or others close to them

onto the therapist

Start by bring positive, which helps the

analysis since the clients works to pleasehim



ADVANTAGES

Spends great deal of time on exploring the

client¶s past uses free association

Raise the unconscious content of the mind

to consciousnessProviding client with more control over his or

her life



DISADVANTAGES

It is a very time intensive therapy

Sometimes involving several sessions a

week for several years

It is more expensive



TECHNIQUES

Systematic desensitization

Aversion therapy

Behavior modification programs



SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION

Effectively overcome phobias & other anxiety

disorders

Relaxation

Constructing hierarchy

Pairing relaxation with the situations in

hierarchy



AVERSION THERAPY

Aversive stimulus is applied whenundesirable behavior occurs

Attempt to eliminate the undesirable

behavior



BEHAVIOR MODI F ICATION

PROGRAM¶S

Reinforcement

Contingency contract

Modeling

Behavior rehearsal

Feedback

Cognitive restructuring

Problem solving



CONTINUED«««.

These approaches try to increase

positive behavior & decrease

negative behavior by using

reinforcement & punishment in

the most effective ways based on

learning principles



ADVANTAGES

Successful medicine in treating some people

with mental health condition

Relatively short compared with other types of talking treatments

Highly structured in nature

Provide in a number of different formats other

than talking therapies



DISADVANTAGES

It may not be suitable for people who have

more complex mental health needs, or

learning difficulties

Therapy only addresses current problems &

focuses on very specific issues

It does not address the possible underlyingcauses of mental health conditions, such as

an unhappy childhood



HUMANISTIC APPROACH

Opportunity to explore creativity, personal

growth & self development

It provides the client with a deeper

understanding of ³who they are´ ?

Offering a non judgmental, supportive &

understanding service in a safe &

confidential environment



TYPES O F HUMANISTIC

APPROACH

Person centered or client centered centered

therapy

Gestalt therapy

Transactional analysis

Existential psychotherapy



PERSON CENTERED OR CLIENT

CENTERED THERAPY A relationship b/w the clients & therapists

must exist

Therapist accepts the clients unconditionally

without judgment, disapproved or approval

Empathetic understanding of the clients

internal frame of reference



ADVANTAGES

To expand clients' self-insight through the

major forms which includes specific

philosophies

To stress to clients that they have natural

motivational tendencies toward growth, health,

and fulfillment

Therapist helping each patient realize their

potential.



DISADVANTAGES

Deals with hard to define

concepts and thus results are

hard to measure



GESTALT THERAPY

Focuses on the whole of an individuals

experience, their thoughts, feelings &

actions

Promoting self awareness is the main

objective

Improving the ability to support ones

emotional feelings are also important



ADVANTAGES

Patients are encouraged to become aware of

immediate needs, meet them, and let them

recede into the background

Emphasizes medium to large groups

It is practiced in individual, couples, and family

therapies, as well as in therapy with children.



DISADVANTADES

Focus too much on individual's happiness

and growth at the expense of other goals.

Focus too much on feelings and not

enough on thought and decision making.

Not effective with more disturbed individuals.



TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

It involves an individuals growth &

development

Three ego states ± parent, adult & child

Ego states are useful for analyzing

unconscious scripts

Identify what goes wrong in communication



EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY

Operates on the beliefs that inner conflicts within a person is due to thatindividual¶s confrontation with the givesof existence

It emphasis is on the choices to be madein the present & future

Relate the unfulfilled ³needs & potential´

Individual to redirect their energy to bestfulfill their needs & reach their potential



COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL

APPROACH CBT aims to solve problems concerning

dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and

cognitions through a goal-oriented,

systematic procedure

It involves learning how to identify & replace

distorted thoughts & beliefs

Therapy centers on the belief that our

thoughts are influenced by how we feel



APPROCHES IN C BT

Cognitive therapy

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Multimodal therapy



ECLECTIC APPROACH

To provide the best mixture of ideas &

techniques for each client

Strategies & methods from several

approaches applied selectively to clients



ADVANTAGES

Does not restrict ideas only one perspective

Allows new ideas to be generated

Provides a fuller understanding of behavior

as it considers all relevant factors and howthey might combine



DISADVANTAGES

May lead to confusion because there are too

many views expressed

The different approaches are very different

from each other it is difficult to combine them

to make one new theory

4. approaches in counselling (1)

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