4) enhancing outcomes - minnesotav2.pptx [read-only]€¦ · 04.02.2018  · positioning of the...

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2/27/2018 1 Utilizing Stockmanship to Enhance Outcomes By: Kip L. Lukasiewicz, DVM Production Animal Consultation Effective Stockmanship: Improving Performance and Health as a Team By: Kip L. Lukasiewicz, DVM Production Animal Consultation Scenario 1: Advertisement Reads: Product XYZ is proven to help aid in the reduction of BRD by 35 – 60%. Would you be captivated to purchase the product? Scenario 2: If I told you Product XYZ would potentially increase carcass weight by 15 – 20 lbs.. Would you buy the product? On January 23, 2018 the market closed at $1.27850 per lb.. on a live basis or $2.09674 per lb. on a hot carcass basis. Live Price = 1400 lbs.. X $1.2785 = $1789.90 per live animal Hot Carcass = 896 lbs. X $2.09674 = $1878.68 per hot carcass at 64% yield. Added 15 lbs. of meat is equivalent to $31.45/carcass. Pen of 200 head with added weight = $6290. Scenario 3: If I told you that Product XYZ would require some effort, training, observation and skill in the behavior of the bovine. Would you still be interested in the product. If the above effort, training, observation and skill are implemented and the potential outcome is reduction in sickness and improved or additional carcass weight. Would you still consider the product? Are you ready for the name of this PRODUCT?

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Page 1: 4) Enhancing Outcomes - MinnesotaV2.pptx [Read-Only]€¦ · 04.02.2018  · Positioning of the eye: God made this animal so they can see 260˚ with their head in the air, and 360˚

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Utilizing Stockmanship to Enhance Outcomes

By:  Kip L. Lukasiewicz, DVM

Production Animal Consultation

Effective Stockmanship:  Improving Performance and 

Health as a TeamBy:  Kip L. Lukasiewicz, DVM

Production Animal Consultation

Scenario 1:

Advertisement Reads: Product XYZ is proven to help aid in the reduction of BRD by 35 – 60%.

Would you be captivated to purchase the product?

Scenario 2:

If I told you Product XYZ would potentially increase carcass weight by 15 – 20 lbs.. Would you buy the product?

On January 23, 2018 the market closed at $1.27850 per lb.. on a live basis or $2.09674 per lb. on a hot carcass basis. Live Price = 1400 lbs.. X $1.2785 = $1789.90 per live animal

Hot Carcass = 896 lbs. X $2.09674 = $1878.68 per hot carcass at 64% yield. Added 15 lbs. of meat is equivalent to $31.45/carcass.  

Pen of 200 head with added weight = $6290.

Scenario 3:

If I told you that Product XYZ would require some effort, training, observation and skill in the behavior of the bovine. Would you still be interested in the product.

If the above effort, training, observation and skill are implemented and the potential outcome is reduction in sickness and improved or additional carcass weight. Would you still consider the product?

Are you ready for the name of this PRODUCT?

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STOCKMANSHIP

Defining Stockmanship

• Defining terms is essential for proper communication:

•Without first defining terms people may assume that theyare talking about the same thing when, in fact, they are not.

• This leads to miscommunications and misunderstandings, allof which are completely avoidable if defined beforehand.

STOCKMANSHIP

• The knowledgeable and skillful handling of livestock in a safe,efficient, effective, and low-stress manner. Primary aspects ofstockmanship include: low-stress livestock handling (LSLH),natural horsemanship, ranch roping, dog handling and facilitiesdesign.

• To Understand Stockmanship we must first understand thebehavior of the animal you are working with.

Quotes

“If you don't have any enemies in life, you have never stood up for anything.” ~ Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965)

"Life’s hard. It’s even harder when you are stupid.” ~ John Wayne

Cattle Behavior Cattle do EXACTLYwhat you ASK them to DO!!!

Predator/Prey Relationship

Cattle are a Prey Animal Positioning of the eye:

God made this animal so they can see 260˚ with their head in the air, and 360˚ while grazing.

Cattle have poor depth perception.

Pupil shape is horizontal.

They are very sensitive to motion.

They cannot see above them.  (Like Deer)

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Cattle Behavior

They want to see what is pressuring them. This may seem obvious to you, but if this is the case, why would you move behind an animal to make it go?  

Moving into the animals blind spot will cause it to turn to see you.

They want to move in the direction they are headed.

They want to follow other animals

They have very little patience.

Concepts of Stockmanship

Four Key Concepts to Implement: Body POSITION and Posture

Correct DISTANCE From Cattle

Use Appropriate ANGLES Adjust SPEED of Movements to Achieve your Request

Avoid using your VOICE/STICKS/PADDLES/PRODSwhen handling cattle.

Concepts of Stockmanship

Learning to ”READ” individuals or the herd and changing one of the above four concepts or all of them to achieve the response you are looking for. We need to stop WANTING and TAKING

Start GIVING and RECEIVING

To do this we need to change our attitudes and elevate our expectations!

Learn and observe the natural behavior of the animals we are working with.

Understanding Pressure and Release

Proper positioning is essential.

Pressure and Release: When the animal responds to your position of movement stop or step back!!

What is too much pressure? Loud noises such as:  Yelling, Cracking Whips, Raddle Paddles, Revving Up your 4‐Wheeler.

Noise louder than normal conversation is not only stressful to animals but also detrimental to your objective.

Work with the leaders.

Work off the eye of the animal NOT the shoulder!!

Examples of Position/Distance/Angle/SpeedPositioning

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Quotes of the Day

"Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything." ~George Bernard Shaw

“To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.” ~ Elbert Hubbard (1856 – 1915)

Where It All Starts

Cowherd Caregivers

Pairing Encourages: Bonding Regular Intake Patterns Exercise Trailing

Improved health and herd attitude begins with proper training

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Correlation of Stockmanship and Health

Transitions: Throughout all phases we talk about address changes These changes can be stressful How we PREPARE cattle for these changes makes the 

difference in health and well‐being and improved performance.

MLA Study on BRD Risk

Who is MLA?MLA (Meat and Livestock Australia)

Deliver marketing and research and development services for Australia’s cattle, sheep and goat producers.

Funding comes from transaction levies placed on the sale of livestock, with the government providing matching funds for levy investment in most R&D.  

MLA provides services, tools and information that create tangible benefits for livestock producers that flow back to the farm gate.

MLA Study on BRD Risk

This was a 3 year study from 2009 ‐ 2012 evaluating several aspects of BRD. Overview of the study:

Study risk factors associated with BRD Creating the 5 star Resort for Cattle The power of Pre‐Vaccination

BRD Risk Associated with Presence of Virus

50% of cohorts had a PI BVDV calf present at induction.

The presence of a PI BVDV calf DID NOT increase BRD Risk.

Pathogen exposure is a key factor.

All viruses tested contribute to increased risk of BRD.

The presence of a virus is more important than its identity.

PAC Feed Lot Surveillance Study

Study Dates:  Nov 30, 2012 to Sept 17, 2013.

Population:  887 head, 152 lots, 10 feeding facilities, 4 states. Lots sampled were conducted at initial processing with no previous antimicrobials on board.

31.5% of all lots had at least one or more BRD bacterial pathogens present (M. haemolytica, P. multocida and H. somni).

P. multocidawas significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) than M. haemolytica, H. somni with a prevalence of 41.0%

Month of sample collection does not affect overall prevalence.

Prevalence of pathogens did not vary by feed yard.

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PAC Surveillance Study

Isolate Prevalence and Confidence limits

Isolate Mean Prevalence Lower 95%CL Upper 95%CL

H. somni 31.7% 21.22% 42.3%

M. haemolytica 24.8% 18.6% 31.2%

M. spp. 18.6% 6.2% 31.0%

P. multocida 41.0% 35.5% 46.6%

PAC Surveillance Study

14 – 16% of the resistant isolates in this study had multi‐drug resistance.

MDR prevalence varies by feedlot, which indicates that source, cattle type or geography could be important considerations Prior antimicrobial treatment history is unknown for these lots prior to the feeding phase.

All 4 MDR M. haemolytica isolates that were resistant to Tilmicosin were also resistant to Tulathromycin.

Multiple Drug Resistance isolates prevalence by isolate # of resistance results

# Antimicrobials Resistant 

H. somni Freq %

M. haemolytica Freq % 

P. multocida Freq % 

21                         

3.1% ‐

4                          2.42% 

33                         

9.3% ‐

8                          4.84% 

41                         

3.1% 3                                      

3.6% 9                          

5.45% 

5 ‐2                                      

2.4% 2                            

1.2% 

6 ‐3                                      

3.6% 2                            

1.2% 

7 ‐1                                      

1.2% ‐

8 ‐2                                      

2.4% ‐

9 ‐1                                      

1.2% ‐

Total MDR  5 12 25

Total # Isolates  31 82 165

% Isolates MDR  16.10% 14.60% 15.15%

Animal Entry Characteristics

Induction Weight: Risk decreases with increasingweight. Comparison 825 – 880 lbs.. and 1045 – 1100 lbs..

Odds Ratio = 1.6

Breed Comparison to Angus: Herefords are twice the risk (Odds Ratio = 2.0) Tropical Breeds and Crosses are about half the risk (Odds Ratio = 0.57)

Lifetime Change of Address

Animals that change address ONCE are more at risk than animals that change address 2 or 3 times (Odds Ratio = 1.4)

4 or MORE times (Odds Ratio = 1.7).

The more times an animal changes address the less at risk it becomes. Life Experiences Matter!!!

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Group 13

GROUP 13 = Animals that have been together for 13 days before feed lot induction. Multiple Group 13’s in a lot are more at risk than a single Group 13 making up a lot. 2– 6 Group 13 in a lot (Odds Ratio = 2.8)

> 7 Group 13 in a lot (Odds Ratio = 3.6)

Region, Size and Season

Feed Lot Region: Southern part of 

Australia is higher risk than Queensland (OR = 3.8)

Feed Lot Capacity: Higher capacity feed lots 

are much higher risk than lower capacity feed lots (OR = 6.0)

Season: Late summer and 

autumn are greater risk than spring      (OR = 2.1)

Transportation Time

More than 6 Hourswithin a day of induction were more at risk than those transported < 6 Hours.

> 6 Hours = (Odds Ratio = 2.0)

>12 Hours = (Odds Ratio = 2.7) Effects of Yard Weaning

Yard Weaning

Yard weaning reduces BRD risk (Odds Ratio = 0.5) (50% reduction in BRD risk).

The procedures are simple and effective!

Guidelines for Yard Weaning

Weaning Proof Yards: Well Drained

Good quality water in trough 43 sq.ft. per 400 – 575 lb.. calves Fed Twice Daily

Good quality hay or silage with adequate protein and some energy (no starch).

Keep in pens for 5 ‐ 10 days. Some human contact daily.

Recommend riding and walking 2 – 3 times daily.

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Yard Weaning Calves Yard Weaning Calves

Yard Weaning Calves The Effects of Weaning Method on Feed Lot Performance

(L. Fell, UNE, Armidale, NSW)

Creating the 5 Star Resort

Receiving Procedures

Greeting

Clean Pen

Bedding

Feed

Water

Acclimation/Settling

Processing

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Greeting Cattle

This is the first impression the cattle receive when arriving at the feed yard.

Treat as if a Five Star Hotel (Mater Dei)

Make it Positive!!!

Cowboy Logic

Cowboy Logic:  “You never get a second chance to make a first impression.”  By:  Kit Pharo

Kip Quote

“Lets continue to build on our strengths so that we can strengthen our weaknesses.”  Kip L. Lukasiewicz, DVM

Feed

Never place cattle in a pen where there is no feed in the bunk.

Long stem hay for new animals along with ration spread on top.

Negative impressions are hard to reverse.

If someone does something negative, it takes several positive events to regain trust!!

Hay and Water in Receiving Pen

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Acclimation

Pen Acclimation:

Method of removing the stress associated with gathering, marketing, shipping, new address and new feed.

Training cattle to: Accept pressure Accept their new pen Accept their caregiver Accept their feed

Building trust amongst individuals. Getting cattle to work for you.

Rules and Expectations

Accept new address as “happy home” Perceive handlers as leaders Look for and willingly accept guidance Willingly work for handlers

Quote of the Day

"Happiness doesn’t depend on any external conditions; it is governed by our mental attitude.” ~ Dale Carnegie

Acclimation Results ISU

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Pen Training in Barn Barn Walking

Individual Pull In Barn Pen Training

Individual Pull on Foot

Shipping Cattle

Watch for publications and research on Zilmax and other Beta agonist. Research is showing no ill effects of beta agonist on late days on feed and 

increased lameness.

In a study done on pigs they found the following with Non‐Ambulatory, Non‐Injured (NANI) pigs. NANI pigs are linked to an increased incidence of rough handling.  

How we ship and handle cattle at shipping could also play a part in Cattle Fatigue Syndrome. Summer Heat Distance Traveled Facility Design Handling Trucking

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Shipping Cattle

Fairleigh Feed Yard In a 3000 head study they reduced the dark cutter incidence rate from 3.8% to 0.42%.  

What Changed? Facility  Attitude of the Workers

Alvin ‐ Farleigh Feeder

WCG‐Clay‐Loading Ultimate Shipping Facility

Summary

Poor cattle handling is common.

What people say they do and what they actually do is often different.

Good handling and acclimation will improve health performance and welfare.

People make the difference!!!