4 exodus 25-40 (1)

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THE TABERNACLE AND GOLDEN CALF

EXODUS 25-40

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Alexander, T. D. From Paradise to Promised Land: An Introduction to the Pentateuch. GrandRapids: Baker Academic, 2002.

Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic Books, 1981.

Averbeck, R.E. “Tabernacle” in Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. Eds. T.D. Alexander and David W. Baker. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003.

Bruckner, James K. Exodus. New International Biblical Commentary, Vol. 2. Peabody;Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. 2008.

Goldingay, John. Exodus and Leviticus for Everyone. Louisville, KY: Westminster John KnoxPress, 2010.

Goldingay, John. Old Testament Theology: Volume 1, Israel’s Gospel. Downers Grove:InterVarsity Press, 2003. §6.4 Yhwh's Presence in a Sanctuary.

Meyers, Carol. Exodus. The New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2005.

Schnittjer, Gary. The Torah Story: an Apprenticeship on the Pentateuch. Grand Rapids:Zondervan, 2006.

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INSTRUCTIONS 25-31

Supplies are to come from the people, of their own free will ! 25:2;

cf. 35:5 ": note the response ! 36:2#7 "!

Design is Revelation # the details are not man#made ! 25:9, 39;

26:30; 27:8b ": note the repetition of the phrase “...as the Lord

commanded Moses” ! 10x in Exo 39, 8x in Exo 40 ".

INTRODUCTION TO THE TABERNACLE

13 chapters in Exodus cover the instructions and construction of

the Tabernacle = 32.5$ of Exodus by chapter count.

How does this contrast with other main sections of Exodus?

The entire section is a monologue of YHWH.

“...in the biblical view words underlie reality.With words God

called the world into being; the capacity for using language

from the start set man apart from the other creatures;

…” ! Alter 69#70 ".

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INTRODUCTION TO THE TABERNACLE

Basic Outline of Exodus 25!40

A. Instructions for the Dwelling ! 25:1#31:11 "

B. The Sign of the Sabbath ! 31:12#18 "

C. The Rebellion and the Revelation ! 32#34 "

1. The Golden Calf ! 32 "2. The Presence of God ! 33 "

3. The Covenant Renewed ! 34 "

D.Remembering the Sabbath! 35:1

#3 "

E. The Construction of the Dwelling ! 35:4#40:38 "

OVERVIEW

24:16 The Glory of YHWH dwelt on Mount Sinai

25#31 = Instructions for Construction

32#34 = Golden Calf and Implications

35#39 = Construction According to Instructions

40:34 The Glory of YHWH filled the Tabernacle

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OVERVIEW

Another view…

25#31 # Proper worship of God and building what He wants

32#34 # Improper worship and building what He does NOT

want

35#40 # Proper worship of God and building what He wants

Victor Hamilton, Handbook on the Pentateuch, 214.

THE PURPOSE OF THE TABERNACLE

25:8 # And let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell in

their midst

“make for me” contrast “make for us”! 32:1

"

a sacred, holy place# !"#$%&

to dwell # '(! ! shakan "

in contrast to )*+ ! yashab ! used of God dwelling in heaven

or on His throne, '(* refers to dwelling in close proximity

! TWOT §2387 "

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THE OVERVIEW (25:1-9)

Verse 1 # “YHWH spoke to Moses saying,…”

This quotational formula is used 7 times

1. 25:1 # Tabernacle Instructions

2. 30:11 # Atonement Collection ! tax? "

3. 30:17 # Bronze Basin Dimensions and Use

4. 30:22 # Anointing Oil Recipe and Use

5. 30:34 # Incense Recipe and Use

6. 31:1 # Bezalel and Oholiab’s Appointment

7. 31:12! Sabbath Regulations

Review 24:1#14 # How does this set the stage for the Tabernacle

section? What is happening relationally between YHWH and

Israel that leads to the next phase?

Review 24:15#18 # Establishes the setting for the Monologue

“In any given narrative event, and especially, at the beginning of

any new story, the point at which dialogue first emerges will be

worthy of special attention, and in most instances, the initial

words spoken by a personage will be revelatory, perhaps more in

manner than in matter, constituting an important moment in theexposition of character” ! Alter 74 ".


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Collecting the raw materials from the people

hmfw%rt% ; - t erûm!h - first occurrence of the term

content defined in v. 3-7

given voluntarily ! free will o" ering

In Exod. two other uses of bda @ nf (n!" a#) @ 35:21, 29.

2 Cor 8:1-13; 9:7


WHY PRESERVE?

Why would this need to be written down in such detail #

TWICE # for later readers?

What role has "place" had in the Bible up to this point?

How does God feel about David's Temple project ! 2 Sam 7:5#7 "

What change came about with the building of the Temple in

Jerusalem under Solomon, Ezra, and Herod?

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TERMINOLOGY FOR “TABERNACLE”

Tabernacle = Nk@ f#$ ;m@ i mi $ k !n (58Xs in Exodus)

related verb in v. 8b = “to dwell”

distinguished from the later Temple in which God will“dwell” ! b#$ ayf y!$ a#), which speaks of a permanent residence (2

Sam 7:5; 1 Kgs 8:13).

“The root ( $ kn) for “dwell” appears in the Hebrew word $% kînâ,which is found in rabbinic literature as a designation for the in-

dwelling of God among the people and even as a name forGod” (Meyers 223).

TERMINOLOGY FOR “TABERNACLE”

Second Term = “Tent” lhe)o (&'hel )often in construct with “meeting” d('wOm (mô()" )

27:21 first occ. of “tent of meeting” “and is used exclusively forthe shrine until ‘tabernacle’ again appears in 35:10” (Meyers

223).

Third Term = “sanctuary” #$d@ fq;mi (miqd !$ )

denotes a place of holiness, frequently with Jerusalem temple

only 2x in Exodus (15:17; 25:8); 9x in Lev.; 5x in Num.

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BREAK

TIME!

“I just ground up somebeans, and out came this

golden coffee….”

THE BUILDING PLANS: 25-28

Starts at the centre ! the Holy of Holies, and precedes outward. Thematerials used move from "pure gold" and coloured fabrics, to more

generic materials # bronze, leather hides $.

The specific details of the building plans # materials, dimensions,

colours, etc.. $ are emphasized in the repetitions of "Exactly as I show you concerning the pattern…" # 25:9; 25:40; 26:30; 27:8 $, and "...just as

YHWH commanded Moses" # 31:11; 39:32, 42, 43 $.

The Tabernacle is not the invention of Moses, it is a received andrevealed plan from God # cf. Hebrews 8:1!2; 9:24 $.

The stages of holiness and separation mirror the instructions inExodus 19 regarding Sinai # also Exodus 24 $. # cf. Hebrews 9 $

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SPIRITUAL GIFTS IN EXODUS (31:1-11)

Not normally included in most Spiritual Gift seminars!

Consider the implications of this passage to our understanding

of "spiritual gifts".

Are "spiritual gifts" always abilities that we cannot posses

otherwise?

Perhaps what makes our giftedness spiritual is the use we make

of them AND the empowerment of the Holy Spirit.

Perhaps we should embrace our natural abilities just as

"spiritual" as any other "gift", and stop being dualistic.

ONE LAST THING… (31:12-18)

What is the purpose of repeating the Sabbath command at this

point in the instructions?

What element is added to the Sabbath # a new description of its

importance $ %Compare Exo 20:8!11&?

"The people among whom the Israelites will live in Canaan or in

Babylon did not observe the Sabbath and sometimes consciously

or unconsciously tried to compromise Israelites' observance.

Keeping Sabbath was a weird thing to do; it was counter cultural.

Precisely because of that, it was hugely important, a symbol of the

Israelites' special relationship with God." # Goldingay 2010, 111 $.

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BREAK

TIME!

I just ground up some beans, and out came this golden

coffee….

THE

FALL (again)

Exodus 32-34

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THE GOLDEN CALF

What prompts the people’s request?

What are they asking for?

With what is God currently providing Moses?

The concern of the people, Moses, and God

To “go before” ! 32:1, 7, 23, 34; 33:1, 14#16; 34:9 "

MOSES VS. AARON

How does Aaron mirror Adam ! Gen 3 "?

What is the theological function of the contrast between Moses

and Aaron?

What is God’s response to the situation? How has He responded

to people’s challenges throughout Exodus?

Note the specific location of the “Tent of Meeting” at this point

in the narrative ! 33:7#11 "

Renewal # note parallels between 34:2#5 & ch. 19

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GOD'S INITIAL RESPONSE

32:7#8 = speech #1

32:9#10 = speech #2

Why should Moses "Go down" ! #1 ", if the plan is #2? What is

going on here? What is being indicated in God's #2 response in

relation to Genesis?

MOSES' FIRST INTERVENTION

32:11#13 # one of the longer Moses speeches to God.

How do both God and Moses refer to the people and the Exodus

event? ! compare 32:7 with 11 ".

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HOW DO LEADERS RESPOND?

1. Pleading ! 32:11#14 ". Moses seems to be more e' ective at arguing with God

than with people.

2. Shattering ! 32:15#19 ". Moses shares God's righteous anger. Shattering the

tablets symbolizes the shattering of relationship.

3. Destroying ! 32:20 ". Moses destroys the image in dramatic fashion.

4. Sidestepping ! 32:21#24 ". Aaron, like Adam, tries to avoid taking

responsibility for the people whom he leads. Moses question assumes being

pressured by the people, but Aaron's answer condemns him as a willing

participant.

5. Execution ! 32:25#29 ". Punitive action was required, though not theannihilation of the whole people.

YHWH'S DECLARATION

"Yhwh, Yhwh, the compassionate and gracious God,

slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness,

maintaining love to thousands and forgiving

wickedness, rebellion and sin.

Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he

punishes the children and their children for the sin of

the parents to the third and fourth generation"

"Exo 34:6!7; cf. 33:19#.

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YHWH'S COVENANT

And he said, “Behold, I " emphatic # am making a covenant. Before all

your people I will do marvels, such as have not been created in allthe earth or in any nation. And all the people among whom you are

shall see the work of the Lord, for it is an awesome thing that I will

do with you.”

! Exodus 34:10, ESV "

some translations add "...with you," but it's not in the

text.

"The covenant is Yhwh's bare declaration ofintent" # Goldingay, Israel's Gospel, 415 $.

EMBODYING REPENTANCE

The completion of the Tabernacle, the willing abundant o' ering,

and the repeated statement that the people did everything

exactly as Yhwh commanded Moses point to a return to

obedience.

The commitment of Yhwh to continue to be with His people

requires the obedient response of the people to construct the

central symbol of that reality.

The repetition of the Sabbath command at the beginning of the

Tabernacle construction phase picks up the narrative that wasinterrupted by the Golden Calf episode.

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INTERPRETIVE CAUTION

The text of Exodus itself should caution us against

reading too much symbolic interpretation into the

tabernacle. To detect in each piece of furniture, in each

fabric, in each curtain ring, in each color some hidden

meaning is more speculative than exegetical.(Hamilton,

219)

TABERNACLE & CREATION

God sees all the work # Gen 1:31 $

Moses sees all the work # Exod 39:43 $

The heavens and earth are “finished” # Gen 2:1 $

All the work of the tabernacle is “finished” # Exod 39:32 $

God finished all the work # Gen 2:2 $

Moses finished all the work # Exod 40:33 $

God blessed the seventh day # Gen 2:3 $

Moses blessed them # Exod 39:43 $

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TABERNACLE & SINAI

Degrees of sanctity and access to the presence

Location of the Glory of YHWH # 24:16; 40:34 $

Intensification

24:18 ! Moses enters the cloud

40:35 ! Moses cannot enter

Completion

19:4 ! I have brought you to myself

29:45 ! I will dwell among the people

19:17 ! Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God

25:8 ! “...that I may dwell in their midst.” # cf. Num 2:2 $

A FEW THEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Nahum M. Sarna, Exploring Exodus ! Schocken Books, 1986, 1996 ",

206#

What potential theological problem may emerge from the

Tabernacle institution? ! think attribute of God "The meticulous details about the materials and construction

point to an emphasis on God's unity and perfection.

The stone tablets in the holy of holies, alone in the Ark of the

Covenant, stands in stark contrast to ANE practice.

What are the "cherubim" guarding in the Tabernacle? How doesthis relate to what they are left guarding in Gen 3:24?

4 exodus 25-40 (1)

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