4. f2011 rebellion and reprisal
DESCRIPTION
Roman administration runs into a problem, perhaps because of an overbearing administration.TRANSCRIPT
Rebellion and ReprisalRoman Rule – Wales I
Conquest (Rape) of Britannia, Aphrodisias, Turkey
Ruling BritainTwo Queens and a King
Frontier
Roman Britain~47 CE
Client KingdomsBrigantesRegniIceni
What 1st Century Divorce Case Threatened Roman Britain?
CartimanduaWilliam Whitaker, 1990• Quisling?• Cruel, treacherous, immoral?• Counterpart to Claudius’ consort Messalina• Loyal?
CaratacusOut of the Fire Into the Frying Pan
• Caratacus escapes Claudius and Aulus Plautius• Allies with Ordovicians in Wales• Defeated• Seeks aid from Roman client, Cartimandua• Is turned over to Romans (51 CE)• Brought to Rome
Tribes
Tribes of Wales
Caratacus before Claudius
Divorce
• ~57 CE Cartimandua breaks with her consort Venutius who turns against her and Rome
• She keeps her throne thanks to Roman military intervention
• Venutius?
Tribes
Tribes of Wales
Roman Legions Client Kingdoms
Roman Britain~47 CE
Client KingdomsBrigantesRegniIceni
Southern Kingdom of the Regneses
Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus
• Perhaps successor to Verica• Granted status by Romans• Probably built “Palace” at Fishbourne• Still respected during lifetime of Tacitus
Tiberius Claudius (T,C)ogidubnus
Text
A temple to Neptune and to Minervaand for the safety of the Divine House (of the emperor) by the authority of Ti. Claudius Cogidubnus.[Great King] in Britain, (erected by)The Guild of fabri and its members at their own cost [Pudens?] son of Pudentmus, donated the site.
Cogidubnus-First House
Hayling Island Roman Temple, 60-70 CE
Plan compared with temple in Entrains, Gaul
Hayling Island Roman Temple reconstructionCella, Temple at Périgueux, Dordogne
Ritual Landscapes of Roman South Britain, David Rudling, editor
Hayling Island Temple: Brooches, British and Gallic
Roman Britain~47 CE
Client KingdomsBrigantesRegniIceni
Subject peopleTrinovantes and Camulodunum
Roman Legions Client Kingdoms
Camulodunum – Roman and native
Camulodunum
Gosbecks
Iron Age Dykes
Gosbecks
Gosbeck Theatre Reconstruction
Romano-Celtic Temple
Publius Ostorius Scapula
• First act was to disarm the Britons within the Roman controlled region
• 47 Fortification of Colchester• Attacks Deceangeli in Flintshire• Legio XX transferred to southwest• 49 Foundation of colonia at
Camulodunum (Colchester) Colonia Claudia Victricensis
Transformation of Colchester
Balkerne Gate
Temple of Claudius
Longinus
FacilisM FAVON[IUS] PO[LIA] FACILIS >LEG XX VERECVNDVS ET NOVICIVS LIB[ERTI] POSVERVNT
Marcus Favonius Facilis, son of Marcus, of the voting tribe Pollia, centurio of legio XX lies here. Verecundus and Novicius, his freedmen, put this here
Stanway, Colchester – Doctor’s burial
Other Graves
Warrior Educated person
Nero as Alexander
What 1st Century Briton joined 20th Century notables, Boy George, Princess Diana and Margaret Thatcher, in the list of “100 Greatest Britons”?
Question
Boudica in Ads
She had a reputation as a leader of men. A go-getter who inspired confidence. The sort of woman who'll find the Mitsubishi Colt.. irresistible.
Problems Behind the Lines
• Displacement of Trinovantes alarms Iceni• Temple of Claudius• Death of Prasugatus, King of the Iceni
– Inheritance• Loans
Iceni
Prasutagus?
Boudica in Revolt
)
Gaullish woman w. torc
Sedgeford torc, 500-200 BCE
Winchester torc 74-25 BCE
The Start of the Revolt
Omens
Temple of Claudius
Claudius: Remains of Equestrian Statue?
30 cm
Outside Colchester – burnt mattress
Colchester After Boudica
On to London
Attempt to relieve London
London – Evidence of burning
Burning of London
London remnants
Walbrook deposit
On to Verulamium
Routes of Roman TroopsBattle of Watling Street
Battle at Mancetter
Aftermath
• Harsh treatment of opponents• Support for Cartimandua through 69• Reward for T(C)ogidubnis• Absorption of Icenian territory• Rebuild and fortify
Julius Classicianus
Closing the Barn Door
Roman, Medieval, Modern ditch