4. functional relationship - rural & urban

8/12/2019 4. Functional Relationship - Rural & Urban

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Prof. Bharat N MulayHead, Dept. of ArchitecturePDA College of EngineeringGulbarga


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Places of Communal living gave way to villages.

Village was thus a byproduct of the development ofagriculture. (subjected to the availability of water & fertile land.)

Many of the earliest villages grew along the rivers likeGanges, Indus, Nile, Euphrates, Tigris rivers.

Due to preservation of food grains, it was possible to diversifyinto other activities.

Due to diversified economy it was possible to attract peopleinto a labor pool, providing employment in a variety offorms.

This in turn brought the enlargement of towns.

Dawn of Urbanization


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It would be a settlement of such size and density ofpopulation that it would drive in its surroundingpopulation both for trade of goods ,Services,Business of various kinds, specialization that wereunable to exist in sparsely populated areas.

One of the Historian writes about the urban settlements


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The word city implies a concentration of people in ageographic area who can support themselves from thecityseconomic activities on a fairly permanent basis.

The city can be a center of trade, industry, exchange,education, government, or involve all the activities

These diverse areas of opportunities attract people fromrural to Urban areas/ cities.

Thus cities tend to become big if their economic base iswide.

The smaller cities are usually satellites that depend on

larger cities to sustain their economic life

Nature of Cities


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Central cities have multiple functions, where as suburban

serve as dormitory towns Ex. Delhi as central city with other surrounding smaller places

like Noida and other towns.

Bangalore with Yelahanka, Tumkur, Hosur etc. In cities multiple forms of transportation and transit

systems are available.

Cities have obvious faults so far as their services to areconcerned

Cities may be over crowded, with sub standard housing,centers of unemployment, corrupt government officials,taxation tends to be high, services less than adequate

However with all these faults cities are here to stay

Nature of Cities


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The villages always act as a resource centers maybe raw material, agricultural products, cottageindustry products. Depending on nearby towns,

urban areas for transaction of goods & otherservices.

Some of the Indian communities opposed urbandevelopment favoring protection of their land &

culture despite the greater cash return whichresult from urbanization

Nature of Villages


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The cross road :simplest form of community rest place for rest, food,relaxation & exchange of merchandise & ideas. Locationcould be a transport terminal/ port on a water body

The primary agricultural communityService area for rural activities.

The commercial cityA business ventures, exchanges, the dealing in commodity

takes place. Wide range of retail merchandise for theconsumer to select from

The Industrial cityRaw or partly processed materials are turned into finishedgoods to the market places of the world


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The Transport cityThe center of the transportation web where goods arebrought from far off places to be distributed to other far off

places The recreation City

Cities that attract large no. of people because of theirclimate or special offerings such as health resorts,gambling centers, recreational or scenic areas ex: Ooty,Mahabaleshwar, Kashmir etc

Educational cityCities where major educational institution centers orinstitutes constitute the primary function of Urban area ex:

Pune, Nalanda etc


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Mining communitiesExtraction of minerals forms the economic base ex : Hutti(gold mines), Kudremukh(iron ores)

Retirement communitiesCities where the principle export capital comes fromincome and pensions

Government centersCenters of Governmental activity where the porincipleemployer is Government.

Combination CitiesFew cities perform all or many of the above functions exMumbai, Chennai, Calcutta, Hyderabad etc

4. functional relationship - rural & urban

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