Presentation on:

"PPP lead Municipal Waste to Biogas for sustainable urban

environment and poverty reduction“

International Workshop on Small and Medium-Scale Biogas “Innovations

Driving Effective Growth of Biogas Sector”Date: 17-19 November 2015

Venue: Colombo, Sri Lanka

Presenting BY

Md Mahobul Islam

Practical Action, Bangladesh

Urbanization Pattern in Bangladesh

Urbanization is generally regarded as a four-dimensional process-demographic, economic, environmental and socio-technical.

According to UN population division, almost 35 million i.e. 25% of country’s total population is living in urban areas.

Total population Population growth rate

Urbanization Major cities population of Bangladesh

166,280,712 1.6% Total urban population is 28.4% of total population;

Rate of urbanization is 2.96%

Dhaka (capital) 15.391 million;

Chittagong 5.239 million;

Khulna 1.781 million; Rajshahi 9.32 million

Source: CIA World Factbook

Growth of Urban Populations

Total volume of wastes (tones per year)

Total volume ofmunicipal solid wastes in urban areas

13,332.89 tons/day (2005) now 20,000 tons/day (2015) 3,000 tons/day in Dhaka (2005)5,000 tons/day in Dhaka (2015)

Per Capita Waste generation

Urban: 0.41 kg/dayDhaka City: 0.56 kg/capita/day

Future Waste Projections

Solid Waste (by 2025)

17,155,000 tons/year 47,000tons/day 0.60 kg/capita/day in Urban Areas

Source: National 3R Strategy for Waste Management

Current situation of municipal waste in Bangladesh

Daily Generation 20,000 MT No of municipalities 324

Municipal Waste Management: Current practice end-of-pipe

60% Roadways

40% Dustbin

Only 40% Municipal collection

Our approach – ISMW - Integrated Solid Waste Management System

Biogas

Electricity

Powering agricultureCompost

Community waste

collectionSecondary transfer

point

Integrated Sustainable Waste Management: ISWM –energy and food security, poverty reduction, improve environment

Integrated Sustainable Waste Management: ISWM –

energy and food security, poverty reduction, improve environment

Waste generation

Collection &

TransportationCo

nsum

ptio

n &

wast

e

gene

ratio

n

Year of Establishment: 2012 (still running)

Size: 80 cubic meter digester Type of digester: Fixed dome

(complete mix, wet fermentation)

Raw material: Kitchen waste collected from house holds

Uses of Biogas: Cooking & irrigation ( three times cooking for 28 to 35 hhs and running a 5 hp dual fuel engine for irrigation)

Cost of infrastructures: BDT 1.8 m ($23,000) including distribution network, vehicle for waste collection

Waste to biogas plant at Gaibandha municipality, Bangladesh

Partnership model

Process flow diagram for the pilot project activities

Municipality and land

identification, word

selection

Engagement with

municipality, CBO,

NGO, private sector

Inception

phase

Awareness raising &

introduction of waste

collection service

Plant Design, BOQ,

procurement, construction,

establishment of research set-

up Waste

collection

phase

Biogas, compost &

slurry production &

distribution

Diversified end use of

biogas and their

economic analysis

R&D, data collection,

FIETS analysis etc.

R&D, M&E,

stakeholder

coordination phase

Public and Private Partnership (PPP) lead Business Model

Operational Cost Recovery (Waste to biogas at Gaibandha)

Expenditure Item

Unit Cost (BDT)

No. of Unit

Total (BDT)

Labour cost for Waste collection and Processor

4000 8 32,000

Repair and maintenance

L.S 7000

Supervision cost

12000

Total Expenses *

51,000($ 650.00)

Income Unit Cost

No. of Unit (BDT)

Total

Service charge (avg.)

30.6BDT/ family

1103 family

33,751

Gas users fee

600BDT/ family

28 family

16,800

Slurry/Compost

4.00BDT/kg

2570 kg 10,280

Total Income *

60,831($ 760.00)

* Income – Expenditure report of August, 2015

Lessons learnt

Effective participation of service users towards achieving long term financial sustainability of  primary waste collection & biogas services

Municipality – NGO/private partnership worked well delivering improved waste management services

Huge market potential of biogas and quality compost produced from organic wastes

Linkage with CDM will boost the sustainability of the system

Built the confidence of investors and policy makers

Traditional mind-set of conservancy department Municipal Commitment and Cooperation Peoples participation and ownership Land for infrastructure Legal issues – DoE approval, license for fertilizer

(compost) Marketing of compost (huge subsidy for chemical

fertilizer) Health and Safety issues for workers

Critical Factors

Scope of Scaling up

Municipality Type

No Possible small scale waste to energy plant in each municipality

Subtotal

Grade A 124 10 1240Grade B 116 5 580Grade C 82 2 164

Total 1984

Source: BBS, World Bank,

Urban population: 34.3% of total population (2015)

Rate of urbanization: 3.55% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

GDP contribution is 45%

Source: CIA factbook

National Perspective of urban waste

(2015) to BiogasItem Amount UnitTotal waste generation 20,000 Ton/day

Percentage of organic waste 70 %Total organic waste 14,000 Ton/day

Expected quantity of biogas 8,00,000 m3/dayTotal possible electricity generation 1000 MWh/dayTotal possible electricity generation 42 MWGreen house gas emission reduction 10,000 Ton/dayEnvironmentally benefitted people 4,00,00,000 Person

Landfill area saved 22,000 m3

The RE development targets for 2021Source Amount

waste-to-energy 40 MWbiomass 7 MWBiogas 7 MW

(source: SREP)

Fiscal Year Demand (MW)

2015 10,283

2020 17,304

2025 25,199

2030 33,708

Future energy demand