4 ppt dengue by maria niaz
TRANSCRIPT
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D E N G U EMARIA NIAZ
BS.MT 4TH SEMISTER
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Introduction
• Dengue is a virus spread by Aedes mosquitoes that bite during the day.
• Unfortunately, there’s no vaccine to prevent it.
• The best you can do is avoid being bitten.
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Pathogenecity
• Dengue is a virus serotypes DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, cause dengue (DEN) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)
• These viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquities
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Dengue
Characterized by;
* High fever
* Headache
* Pain behind the eyes
* Pain in muscles
* Joints pain
* Enlarged lymph glands
* Maculopapular rash
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Contd………
• Sometimes ;
* Abdominal pain
* Vomiting
• Occasionaly ;
* Haemorrhagic symptoms
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Contd…………
• Virus enter into the blood circulation by multiplicatoin of virus in the reticuloendothelial system
• Leucopenia is the most infectious cause
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Contd……………
• Early infections are misdiagnosed by ; * malaria * hepatitis * flu-like illness
• High infectious rates occur in epidemics (70%-80%) of populations can de affected
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Dengue haemorrhagic fever• Serious life-threatening condition
• Frequently children and others are affected whom previously infected with one serotype or strain of dengue virus and subsequently become reinfected with a different serotype or strain
• The secondary immue response leads to the formation of virus-antibody immune complexes which activate complement
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Contd………
• These complements are causing vascular damage and dissaminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with spontaneous bleeding
• In some patients, DHF progresses to circulatory collapse, referred as dengue shock syndrome (DSS)
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Contd………..
DHF is characterized by;
• Raised haematocrit (PCV) due to plasma leakage
• Redused platelet count
• Hepatomegaly
• Haemorrhagic symptoms with bleeding into the skin
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Dengue strikes
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Go for performing dengue tests in serology laboratory of Liaquat National Hospital
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Dengue test
• Dengue test performe by the immunochromatographic method using the BIAS-3 (bi-directional immuno assay system) dengue IgG/IgM kit use in LNH microbiology lab
• BIAS-3; two step assay for the differential detection of IgG or IgM antibodies to dengue virus in serum or whole blood
• Use for in vitro diagnosis
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Principle of the test
• This test is the membrane based screening test to differentialy detect the presence of antibodies to dengue virus
• Lateral flow immunochromatographic type assay
• Once the sample is added to the sample pad along with diluent the mixture passes bi-directionally through two antibody binding complexes which then binds the imunoglobulins in the sample
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Contd………..• The complex passes over the immobilized antigens
on the membrane, if any antibodies to dengue (IgG or IgM) are present the antigens capture them in turn
• This produces a pink/purple band in the test-zone of the device
• The remaining complex continues to migrate to a control area on the test device and produces a pink/purple band each control area
• This control bands indicate that the test has been performed properly
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Kit components
• BIAS-3 Dengue IgG/IgM test device
• Diluent in dropper vial
• Directions for use
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Stability and Storage Conditions
• The BIAS-3 Dengue IgG/IgM test kit is stable at any room temperature between 8-30C when in the unopened pouches.
• DO NOT FREEZE the kit or expose to temperature extremes.
• Stability of the kit is 24 months from the date of manufacture - dating is indication on the kit label.
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General Precautions
• The test is for In Vitro Diagnostic Use only
• Appropriate infection control and handling procedures should be followed - do not smoke, eat or drink in the area where the test is to be performed. Use suitable clothing and gloves when handling samples and when performing the test
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Sample Collection
• The BIAS-3 Dengue IgG/IgM test can be run on serum or whole blood
• The test works best on fresh samples.
• If testing cannot be done immediately, they should be stored at 2-8C after collection for up to 3 days
• If testing cannot be done within 3 days, serum can be stored frozen at -20C or colder
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Test Procedure
• For WHOLE BLOOD - add 10 uls of sample to the center sample pad hole (S) of the test device using a measuring pipet.
• For SERUM - add 5 uls of sample to the center sample pad hole of the test device using a measuring pipet.
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Contd…………• Follow sample addition with 6drops of the
diluent provided in the dropper bottle by holding the bottle vertically over the hole in the center sample pad cover. SLOWLY add diluent 1-2 drops at a time waiting for the previous drops to absorb
• Results are then read in as little as
5minutes for strong positives or upto 30minutes for weaker positives and to make sure negatives are confirmed
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Reading the Test Results
NegativeNegativeOnly one pink/purple band appears in the Control areas of the BIAS test device.
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Contd………PositivePositive
One or Two pink/purple bands appear in the Test area of the BIAS test device and one line each in the Control area of the test device
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Quality Control
• It is recommended that a known positive and negative control be run to insure proper performance
• All controls should be handled in the same manner as patient samples
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T H A N KT H A N K
Y O U