4 principle of projection
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KC11501 - PRINSIP LUKISAN
KEJURUTERAAN
Md. Mizanur Rahman
School of Engineering and IT
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,
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PROJECTION
The figure of view formed by joining, in correct sequence, the
points at which these lines meet the plan is called the projection
of object.
PROJECTORS
The lines or rays drawn from the object to the plan are called
projectors.
PLAN OF PROJECTIONS
The transparent plane on which the projections are drawn is
known as plane of projection..
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PERSPECTIVE OF PROJECTION
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PRINCIPLE OF
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
FRONT VIEW
The front view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on thevertical plane by looking the
object normal to its frontsurface. It is the usual practiceto position the object such thatits front view reveals most theimportant feature.
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TOP VIEW
The top view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on the
Horizontal plane by looking theobject normal to its top surface.
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SIDE VIEW
The side view of an object isdefined as the view that isobtained as projection on the
profile plane by looking theobject normal to its sidesurface. As there are two sidefor an object viz. left side and
right side two possible sideviews. The left side view andright side views may beobtained.
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Dimensions Length of the top view is the same as length of the
front view Height of the side view is same length as height of
front view Width of the view is the same as the width of the side
view Each view gives two dimensions
Front view gives length and height
Top view gives length and width Side view gives height and width
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Pictorial ProjectionThe projections in which the description of the object iscompletely understood in one view is known as PictorialView
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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONORTHO mean right angle and ORTHOGRAPHIC meansright angle drawing. When the projector are perpendicularto the plan on which the projection is obtained, it isknown as orthographic projection.
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VERTICAL PLANE
Extend the rays or projection further to meet a verticalplane (VP) located behind the object. Join the points atwhich the projectors meet the plane, in correct sequence.
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HORIZONTAL PLANE
Horizontal plane is hinged perpendicular to VP such thatthe object is in front of VP.
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XY Line
The line of intersection of VP and HP is called thereference line and denoted as XY.
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To obtain the projections on the drawing sheet
It is convention to rotate the HP through 900 in clockwisedirection so that it lies in the extension of VP.
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h
r
h
Front View
Top View
VP
HP
r
The top view along with HP is rotated through 900and occupies the position vertically bellow XY line.Now the two projections FV and TV may be drawn onthe two dimensional drawing sheet shown in thefigure.
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Surface which are parallel to the direction of vision willbe seen as tines and edges parallel to it will be seen aspoints in orthographic views
If the surface is parallel to a plane, its projection onthat plane will show its free shape and size.
Rhombus and parallelogram shown in the pictorialviews are square and rectangular surface respectivelyin orthographic view
The curved surface of an object when views normal to
it appears as rectangular in orthographic view Ellipse in pictorial view represents circle in orthographic
view.
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Thanks You
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ENGINEERING DRAWING
Title : Cycloid and InvoluteProblem 1: Draw a cycloid of a rolling circle of radius 65 mm and also draw
tangent and normal of the cycloid at any arbitrary point N on it.
Problem 1: Draw the involute of a regular pentagon of side 40 mm.
Marks Distributions
Sheet preparation (margin, title box, scale, cleanliness, etc 10%Drawing -- 50%Labeling -- 20%Line and dimension -- 10%