4. Reasons for 4. Reasons for migrationmigration

Why do people Why do people migrate?migrate?

People move because of the gnawing feeling that no matter how hard they work their efforts will yield nothing.

Because of the impression that THEY might do all right but not their children.

Because of the feeling that nothing will change, that happiness and prosperity are possible only somewhere else

LIFE OF PI

What is “The American What is “The American Dream”?Dream”?

Set of ideals:Set of ideals: Looking for a better lifeLooking for a better life FreedomFreedom Social mobilitySocial mobility Opportunity for Opportunity for

everybody, regardless everybody, regardless of circumstance of birthof circumstance of birth

4.1 Main Reasons for 4.1 Main Reasons for migrationmigration

To To reunite migrants’ familiesreunite migrants’ families (TXT pg. 82) (TXT pg. 82)

To improve migrants’ To improve migrants’ economic situationeconomic situation. .

“For developing countries, the departure of a segment of the population is a solution to overpopulation and unemployment.

Since there is no employment insurance, people without work have no income and consume little, which causes a decline in the already weak national production. To escape this vicious cycle, many choose to leave their country and seek better living conditions abroad” (TXT (TXT pg. 84pg. 84))

4.2 Citizenship and Immigration 4.2 Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC)Canada (CIC)

Regulates flow of population in and Regulates flow of population in and out of the country.out of the country.

Can grant Can grant Landed Immigrant or or Refugee statusstatus

4.3 Criteria to obtain4.3 Criteria to obtainrefugee statusrefugee status

Threat to personal safety

Example:

Colombian citizens threatened by guerrilla groups and drug cartels

http://www.worldcrunch.com/world-affairs/down-but-not-out-why-colombia-s-farc-guerillas-just-won-t-go-away/c1s4727/#.UmVPu1Ms-So

4.3 Criteria to obtain4.3 Criteria to obtainrefugee statusrefugee status

Ethnic or religious persecution

Example:

Genocide in Darfur

4.3 Criteria to obtain4.3 Criteria to obtainrefugee statusrefugee status

Natural disaster

Example:

Earthquake in Haiti, 2010

Let’s read:Let’s read: WorkBook: pg 62: 1.4.1WorkBook: pg 62: 1.4.1

& answer:& answer: WorkBook: pg 64: question 1: a, b, c.WorkBook: pg 64: question 1: a, b, c.

10 MINUTES

5. Immigration policy & 5. Immigration policy & undocumented immigrationundocumented immigration

5.1: 5.1: Applying for immigration

AdmissibilityAdmissibility Point systemPoint system

http://www.cic.gc.ca/ctc-vac/cometocanada.asp

5.2 Promoting immigration5.2 Promoting immigration

Embassies abroadEmbassies abroad

Sponsorship by other community Sponsorship by other community organizationsorganizations::

Example: Jewish Federation of WinnipegExample: Jewish Federation of Winnipeg http://www.jewishwinnipeg.org/page.aspx?id=259635http://www.jewishwinnipeg.org/page.aspx?id=259635

5.3: Services to help 5.3: Services to help immigrants to integrateimmigrants to integrate

Cheap or free Cheap or free language courses..

Help finding Help finding housinghousing..

Employment integration services. integration services.

5.3: Factors that contribute to 5.3: Factors that contribute to illegal immigrationillegal immigration

Socioeconomic contextSocioeconomic context in in countries of origincountries of origin

Example:

Terrorism in Colombia

5.3: Factors that contribute to 5.3: Factors that contribute to illegal immigrationillegal immigration

Socioeconomic contextSocioeconomic context in in countries of origincountries of origin

Example:

Civil War and child abuse in El Salvador

5.3: Factors that contribute to 5.3: Factors that contribute to illegal immigrationillegal immigration

Proximity of developed countriesProximity of developed countries

Example:

U.S-Mexico border

5.3: Factors that contribute to 5.3: Factors that contribute to illegal immigrationillegal immigration

Proximity of developed countriesProximity of developed countries

Example:

North Africa and Europe

5.4: Networks of illegal 5.4: Networks of illegal immigrationimmigration

Human traffickingHuman trafficking Huge profitsHuge profits Forced labourForced labour

WORK BOOK: Pg. 67

Answer individually:Answer individually:

““Health care and other rights like Health care and other rights like labour protection laws should apply labour protection laws should apply to all immigrants, whether legal or to all immigrants, whether legal or not”.not”.

State your position and back it up with State your position and back it up with valid points.valid points.

6: Immigrant workers and 6: Immigrant workers and employment policiesemployment policies

6.1: Reasons why countries try 6.1: Reasons why countries try to attract immigrant workers:to attract immigrant workers:

Population aging Population aging (TXT pg 78)(TXT pg 78) Labour shortages in economic Labour shortages in economic

sectorssectors (WK pg 80) (WK pg 80)

Labour shortages inLabour shortages ineconomic sectorseconomic sectors

Example: Example: BraceroBracero Program: 1942 – Program: 1942 – 19641964

Begun in 1942 as a temporary war measure to Begun in 1942 as a temporary war measure to address labor needs in agriculture and the address labor needs in agriculture and the railroads.railroads.

The The bracerobracero program eventually became the program eventually became the largest guest worker program in U.S. history.largest guest worker program in U.S. history.

Example: Persian GulfExample: Persian Gulf

Labour shortages inLabour shortages ineconomic sectorseconomic sectors

TODAY: Region with largest percentage of migrants.

Booming oil industries require vast number of workers (TXT pg 75)

6.2 Benefits and difficulties 6.2 Benefits and difficulties faced by immigrantsfaced by immigrants

Language barriers.Language barriers. Unfamiliar with employment criteria.Unfamiliar with employment criteria. Social integration.Social integration. Social mobility.Social mobility.

6.3: Difficulties in finding 6.3: Difficulties in finding employment employment (Textbook pg. 88)(Textbook pg. 88)

Lack of recognition of diplomas by Lack of recognition of diplomas by professional corporations.professional corporations.

Training that does not correspond to Training that does not correspond to the standards of the host countrythe standards of the host country

Let’s look at Work Book pg Let’s look at Work Book pg 8080

What do you observe?What do you observe?

(Bottom of the page)

6.4: State measures to help 6.4: State measures to help immigrants obtain employment immigrants obtain employment

(WK pg 86)(WK pg 86)

Positive discrimination policiesPositive discrimination policies Relaxed rules for Relaxed rules for recognizing qualificationsrecognizing qualifications Grants to firmsGrants to firms that hire immigrant workers that hire immigrant workers

Something to think about:

What are pros and cons of these measures?

Work Book: pg 84Work Book: pg 84Question 10) a, b, c.Question 10) a, b, c.

7: Parallel economies7: Parallel economies

INTRO:INTRO:

NATIONAL FILM BOARD: NATIONAL FILM BOARD: El ContratoEl Contrato

About temporary migrant workers About temporary migrant workers coming to Canada to work in tomato coming to Canada to work in tomato harvest.harvest.

7.1: Reasons why employers 7.1: Reasons why employers may use undocumented may use undocumented

workersworkers Not following employment rulesNot following employment rules: :

e.g lower wages, more working hours e.g lower wages, more working hours etc.etc.

Saving money in employment in employment benefits, social security.benefits, social security.

7.2: Working conditions of 7.2: Working conditions of immigrant workersimmigrant workers

No job security.No job security. No social safety net.No social safety net. Labour standards not respected by Labour standards not respected by

employers.employers. Fear of deportation.Fear of deportation.

Immigrant Workers’ CentreImmigrant Workers’ Centre

Educate about workers’ rights.Educate about workers’ rights. Improve living and working conditions Improve living and working conditions

for immigrant workers.for immigrant workers. Defend workers in cases of Defend workers in cases of

employment harassment and abuse.employment harassment and abuse. Campaign for improved working Campaign for improved working

conditions.conditions. Raise public awareness.Raise public awareness.

http://iwc-cti.ca/information/about-us/

7.3: Economic consequences of 7.3: Economic consequences of undocumented labourundocumented labour

Fewer proper jobsFewer proper jobs available in the available in the job market.job market.

Loss of government revenuesLoss of government revenues..

7.4: Outsourcing & Brain Drain7.4: Outsourcing & Brain Drain(Work book: pg 78)(Work book: pg 78)

The transfer of activities, capital and The transfer of activities, capital and jobs to countries whose production jobs to countries whose production cost is lower than that of the country cost is lower than that of the country of origin.of origin.

The permanent and wide-scale The permanent and wide-scale

emigration of a country’s skilled emigration of a country’s skilled workersworkers