PART 1

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

Bust of Michelangelo, Daniele da Volerra, 1565,

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

• Newly rich merchants supported the arts as a means of publicising their power

Adoration of the Magi (1475) by SandroBotticelli.

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

• Newly rich merchants supported the arts as a means of publicising their power

Bronze doors of Florence’ Baptistery, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

• Newly rich merchants supported the arts as a means of publicising their power

Dome of Florence Cathedral, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

• Newly rich merchants supported the arts as a means of publicising their power

• Increasing focus on secular world of human affairs rather than salvation

The Money Changer and His Wife (1514), by Quentin Matsys

A New Way of Life• Emphasis on effort, talent,

and creative genius as basis of merit rather than heredity

• Newly rich merchants supported the arts as a means of publicising their power

• Increasing focus on secular world of human affairs rather than salvation

• Opportunistic nature of urban life released citizens from old hierarchies and gave rise to individualism

The Money Changer and His Wife (1514), by Quentin Matsys

PART 2

Calvinist Reform - 1536

• Doctrine of Depravity: Augustinian view that humans are essentially sinful

Calvinist Reform - 1536

• Doctrine of Depravity: Augustinian view that humans are essentially sinful

• Doctrine of predestination: Since God is all-knowing, he already knows who is going to heaven and who is destined for hell; good works will not earn you passage to heaven

Calvinist Reform - 1536

• Doctrine of Depravity: Augustinian view that humans are essentially sinful

• Doctrine of predestination: Since God is all-knowing, he already knows who is going to heaven and who is destined for hell; good works will not earn you passage to heaven

• Rationalisation of religion: the ‘beauty’ and ‘magic’ of religious rituals distracts worshippers from developing a private relationship with God

Calvinist Reform - 1536

• Doctrine of Depravity: Augustinian view that humans are essentially sinful

• Doctrine of predestination: Since God is all-knowing, he already knows who is going to heaven and who is destined for hell; good works will not earn you passage to heaven

• Rationalisation of religion: the ‘beauty’ and ‘magic’ of religious rituals distracts worshippers from developing a private relationship with God

• Emphasised the importance of hard work and financial success as a sign that you had been ‘chosen’