4.01 Accounting and Finance

What is Accounting?

• Method of

reporting financial

activity of a

business

• Financial

transactions

recorded in an

orderly fashion

Accounting Equation

Assets =

Liabilities +

Owner’s

Equity

Assets

Anything ofValue

owned by the Business

Cash /

Accounts

Receivable Office

Equipment

Building /

Real Estate

Company

Cars

Office

Furniture

Office Supplies

Liabilities

Money owed by the business

Accounts Payable

Mortgage Payable

Office Supply Store Utilities Corporation

Taxes Due

Financial Statements

• Financial Statements• Written reports that describe the

financial health of a company; prepared regularly on quarterly and annual basis.

Balance Sheet

Income Statement

Statement of Change in Owner’s Equity

Financial Statements, cont.

• Balance Sheet

• Reports assets,

liabilities, and

owner’s equity

on a certain

date

• Assets• Anything of value

that is owned by the

business.

• Liabilities• Money owed by the

business (debts,

accounts payable)

• Owner’s Equity• Net worth of the

business

Financial Statements, cont.

• Income Statement• Financial Statement

of a business that reports the revenue, expenses and the net income (loss) of a business for the fiscal period.

• Revenue• Amount of money that a

company earns

• Expenses• Costs of maintaining

and operating a business.

• Income/Profit• Results when a

business’s income is greater than its expenses.

• Loss• Results when a

business’s expenses are greater than its income.

• Fiscal Period• Specific period of time

covered by an accounting statement or report (1 month or year)

Financial Statements, cont.

• Statement of

Change in

Owner’s Equity• Financial Statement

of a business that

reports the changes

that have occurred in

the owner’s equity

account during the

fiscal period.

Accounting Activitiesrelated to orderly record-keeping of financial information

• Recording daily

transactions

• Preparing financial

statements

• Paying bills

• Preparing payroll

checks

• Preparing tax forms

• Auditing financial

records

• Examining financial

records for accuracy and

compliance with

regulations

• Reconciling the

checkbook

• Bringing the checkbook

into agreement with

bank statement

•What are other accounting activities?

Banking Activitiesoccur in banks, credit unions and savings and loans

• Accepting deposits and processing withdrawals

• Preparing money orders and cashiers checks

• Opening new accounts for customers

• Processing loan applications

•What are other banking activities?

Finance Activitiesare related to investments and managing finances

• Analyzing budgets

• Buying and selling

stock and other

securities

• Consulting with

businesses on

financial matters

• Counseling investors

• Selling

insurance

• Managing the

finances for the

entire company

•What are other finance activities?

Finance Careers

• Financial Manager

• Top level professional who may have final responsibility for aspects of a business’ financial activity

• Accountant

• Professional who produces and examines financial records, prepares financial reports and tax returns; may give budget, tax or investment advice to company/customer

Finance Careers, cont.

• Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

• Accountants who meet specific educational requirements and pass a national examination

• Auditor

• Professional whose work involves checking on the accuracy of work completed by bookkeepers and accountants

• Bank Teller

• Bank employee who handles deposits, withdrawals, selling travelers check, accepting loan payments, preparing money orders

Check your understanding!

1. ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER’S EQUITY.

a. Payroll Record

b. Budget

c. Accounting Equation

2. Money owed by the business (debts, accounts payable)

a. Revenue

b. Liabilities

c. Assets

3. Anything of of value that is owned by the

business

a. Revenue

b. Loss

c. Assets

4. Net worth of the business

a. Liabilities

b. Owner’s Equity

c. Revenue

Check your understanding!1. ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER’S EQUITY.

a. Payroll Record

b. Budget

c. Accounting Equation

2. Money owed by the business (debts, accounts payable)

a. Revenue

b. Liabilities

c. Assets

3. Anything of value that is owned by the business

a. Revenue

b. Loss

c. Assets

4. Net worth of the business

a. Liabilities

b. Owner’s Equity

c. Revenue

4.01 Accounting Careers

What do Accountants do?

• Track companies’ expenses

• Prepare, analyze and verify financial documents

• Look for ways to run businesses more efficiently

• Keep public records

• Make sure taxes are paid properly

Public Accountants

•Perform audits

•Prepare taxes for corporations, government agencies, nonprofits and individuals

Management Accountants

Management accountants are members of the executive team who

•Record and analyze information about budgets, costs and assets

•Support strategic planning or product development

•Write financial reports for stockholders, creditors or government agencies.

Government Accountants

• Maintain and examine government records

• Audit private businesses or individuals on the government's behalf

Internal Auditors

• Are fiscal “police officers”

• Verify the accuracy of an organization's financial records

• Look for waste, mismanagement and fraud.

Job Outlook in Accounting

• CPA accountants will continue to be in high demand, especially as states increase the education and experience requirements for the certification.

• Certified Management Accountants and those with MBAs will also fare well.

Job Outlook in Accounting

• Having a specialty, such as information systems, government regulation or international business, will help you land a job.

• Those without a degree or certification and those vying for the upper-most echelons of accounting will find keen competition for jobs.

Education Requirements• A bachelor's degree is

the minimum requirement, and to advance, you'll need additional certification or graduate-level education.

• Those in the accounting field can earn the Certified Public Accountant designation by meeting experience and educational requirements and passing an exam.