4.01b authoring languages and web authoring software
DESCRIPTION
4.01B Authoring Languages and Web Authoring Software. 4.01 Examine webpage development and design. Authoring Languages. Used to control the appearance and functionality of webpages when displayed in a browser Examples include: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
4.01B Authoring Languages and Web Authoring Software
4.01 Examine webpage development and design.
Authoring Languages
Used to control the appearance and functionality of webpages when displayed in a browser Examples include:
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) XML (eXtensible Markup Language) XHTML (eXtensible HTML) HTML 5
HTMLHyperText Markup Language
First and still primary language for developing webpages/sites.
Uses codes, or tags, to instruct the browser how to display text and images.
Is platform independent.
Example of HTML code<html>
<title>Student Website</title>
<b>Welcome to my website!</b>
</html>
XML
eXtensible Markup Language
Describes data types to facilitate data processing
Designed to carry data, not to display it
Allows the author to define tags to identify each data entry so that the data can be easily imported into other applications
Metadata—data about data
Example of XML code<weather>
<city>Atlanta</city>
<state>Georgia</state>
<temp>75</temp>
</weather>
XHTMLeXtensible HyperText Markup Language Combination of HTML and XML
Allows the designer to mix HTML and XML so that browsers can display and manage data correctly
Originally intended to replace HTML as dominant authoring language
Places restrictions on HTML tags so that code is cleaner and can display data as the author intended
Requires all HTML tag sets be closed
Requires lowercase tags
Many devices can’t interpret bad HTML code (mobile phones, PDAs)
HTML 5
The latest revision of HTML. It has been adopted by the W3C as the next
HTML standard. It merges some of the features of HTML and
XHTML. It is still being developed.
Website Enhancement Tools
Style Sheets Describe how browsers should present or display
information on a webpage. Give web developers more control over layout
and page formatting. Scripting Languages
Lightweight programming languages used to create interactive webpages.
Applets Short programs written in Java code that can be
embedded into webpages.
CSSCascading Style Sheets
Separates content from appearance and gives web authors more control over layout and page format
CSS code instructs the Web browser how to format each item.
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
h1 {color: #00ff00}
h2 {color: #dda0dd}
p {color: rgb(0,0,255)}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is header 1</h1>
<h2>This is header 2</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
Pros and Cons of CSS
Advantages One style sheet can
control the formatting for multiple webpages.
An entire website can be reformatted by editing one CSS file.
Styles can also be set internally. The CSS code is keyed in the header section of the html document.
Disadvantages May alter the ability of
some devices to accurately read and display information.
Not all browsers recognize style sheets, especially older versions of browsers.
Many browsers do not recognize all the styles in CSS.
JavaScript
An object based scripting language that allows creation and execution of procedures within a webpage.
Does not require plug-ins (additional programs for the user to install).
Widely supported by most browsers.
The JavaScript below displays this dialog box in the browser window:
<html><head><title>JavaScript Example</title><script type="text/JavaScript">var foo="Greetings, visitor!"alert(foo);</script></head><body></body></html>
Java Applets
Short programs written in Java code Added to basic HTML and XHTML Used to add multimedia, animation,
gaming, and other interactive elements to webpages to make them more interesting.
http://java.sun.com/applets/
Web Authoring Software There are several web authoring software solutions available for
authoring and managing websites. Text Editors – allow developers to write code in plain text.
Examples: Notepad and Wordpad Web Editors - provides a graphical user interface with menus
containing commands to make webpage creation easier for developers. Examples include: Adobe’s Dreamweaver Microsoft’s Expression Web Kompozer – open source software Seamonkey – open source software
Website hosts also provide proprietary web software authoring solutions for managing pages stored on their sites.