40gbps over twisted-pair cabling
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40Gbps over Twisted-Pair Cabling:
ApplicationValerie Maguire - Siemon
o arpe , - exans
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• -
– Why > 10Gbps?
– 40Gbps approaches
– Changing the Ethernet
paradigm• Todd Harpel, RCDD -
Nexans
– a ng an ar sdevelopment
– Cate or 7 media overview
– Performance
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’• Data centers and server clusters
– Storage rates are doubling every year – Server virtualization
– Short term need (in 3 – 5 years)
• Local area networks (LAN’s) – eo on- eman , gam ng, e c.
– High performance computing
– –• The time to start planning for
cabling is now!
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• Fastest growing IT sector
• Significant IT infrastructure expenditure• According to Digital Realty Trust:
– “Data centers account for 35% of the
average IT budget in surveyed companies.” – n average, ata center u gets are
increasing nearly 7% this year”.
– “surveyed are planning data centerexpansions in the next 12 to 24 months.”
• Similar topologies and needs
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• Low power consumption (< 4 watts)
• Reduced latency – “A 1-millisecond advantage in trading applications can
be worth $100 million a year to a major brokerage firm,by one estimate.” - Information Week
– “By 2010, more than half of all data centers will have torelocate to new facilities or outsource some
applications. Among the key drivers for this areincremental growth in the costs of cooling and powering
” - .
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• Next incremental speed is
40Gbps• Current and proposed
solutions have multiple
concerns: – e nee e o suppor
100 meters is likely to be
sophisticated and power
hungry
– Twinax solutions rely on short
40GBASE-CR4)
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• Eliminate or reduce
cancellation• Maintain no AXT cancellation
• Reduce
– PHY complexity – Line driver power
– Reduce the number of chokes
• Less power consumption
needs
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• Physical characteristics
affect power consumption,complexity, and latency
• Some choices to make:
– Highest performing versus
category of cabling?
– Traditional 4-connector, 100
meter channel topology or atopology specifically targeted
environment?
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•
been based upon “broadmarket potential”
• This can result in complicated
signal processing and moresophisticated electronics
• A more practical solution may
e to target t e g est gra eof cabling available
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o tw are
18%R&D
5%
11%
IT Services
13%
17%
Salary/Benefits
* –
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CablinCablin t icall re resents 2-3%
Other Other
of the hardware spend
o w are
18%R&D
5%
11%18%
11%R&D
5%
Hardw are
17%
erv ces
13%Hardware
17%
Services
13%
HardwareSalary/Benefits
36%Salary/Benefits
36%
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100
60
70
80
30
40
50
u m
u l a t i v e
% L i n k s
0
10
20 C
“Sweet Spot”
Length (m)
*Data provide courtesy of Alan Flatman, principal consultant , LAN Technologies, UK
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• 85% of channels are less
• 92% of channels are less
than 50 meters in len th
• Channels in the data
center typically contain
2-connectors
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5 meters
(stranded)
(stranded)
20 - 40 meters
(solid)
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• To satisfy the short term data
center need (3 to 5 years): – Specify 40Gbps Ethernet for
-
cabling
– Ado t a short len th cablintopology
• To satisfy the long term LAN
need (5 to 10 years): – Use gained knowledge to extend
- ,
topologies
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• A combination of
innovative approachesmay be required
• GHz transmission
• Multi-Band FDM – Possibly 2 or 4 bands
– Independently optimized
– Simplex or duplex bands
– Eases analo desi n
Example FDM transmit signal components
provided courtesy of Dr. Scott Powell
• “Definitely do-able”
.
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• Reduced dependence
upon DSP comparedto 10GBASE-T PHY’s
– e uce a ency an
power consumption
center and server
cluster to olo ies
• Most efficient ratio of
equipment-to-cabling
investment
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• Bandwidth needs
continue to evolve•
Networking speeds
- together
copper beyond 10Gig?
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• Penn State Universit Workshop - August
2009 – Leadin chi switch h sical media la ers
End Users
• Feasibilit of 40GBASE-T – Technical
–
– Backward Compatibility
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Ethernet
Speed Over Time1,000,000
10,000
100,000
b / s )
1,000
t a R a t e ( M
10
D a
1
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
“Need for speed”
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Cabling
Speed Over Time1,000,000
10,000
100,000
b / s )
• CAT 6A
1,000
t a R a t e ( M • CAT 6
• CAT 5e
10
D a
• CAT 3
• CAT 5
1
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
“Need for speed”
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• The next category hasalways been extrapolated
CAT Frequency Approved
CAT 3 16 MHz 1991
from the last category
• Category 6A designed to
CAT 5 100 MHz 1995
CAT 5e 100 MHz 1999
CAT 6 250 MHz 2002
Category 6
CAT 6A 500 MHz 2007
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• Category 7 was createdsimultaneously with
CAT Frequency Approved
CAT 3 16 MHz 1991
Category 6 for the ISO/IEC
11801standard
CAT 5 100 MHz 1995
CAT 5e 100 MHz 1999
CAT 6 250 MHz 2002
Category 7A, Category 6A
for the ISO/IEC
CAT 6A 500 MHz 2007
CAT 7 600 MHz 2002
addendums z
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Ethernet Cablin1,000,000
Speed Over Time
10,000
100,000
b / s )
• CAT 6A
40G • Cat 7A
1,000
t a R a t e ( M • CAT 6
• CAT 5e
10
D a
• CAT 3
• CAT 5
1
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
“Need for speed”
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CAT 7A PerformanceUpgrade Path
CAT 3 CAT 5e CAT 6 CAT 6A CAT 7A
Bandwidth 16 MHz 100 MHz 250 MHz 500 MHz 1000 MHz
Essential
advancementNEXT
FEXT,
PSXT, RL,
Frequency
Balance,
Frequency
Alien Xtalk,
Frequency
Shielding,
Frequency
Attenuation
100m,
at max f
13 dB/100m 22 dB/100m 33 dB/100m 45 dB/100m 57 dB/100m
AWG 24 24 23 23 23 +
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• Individually Shielded Pairs
–
• Overall braid and foil
– Alien crosstalk eliminated
• Capable of higher frequencytransmission without interference
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- -
• RJ45 “style” – GG45
- -
• Non-RJ45 “style” – TERA™
– Backward compatible to
Cat 6A
– ARJ45• Residential broadband
communications systems – y
• Coax substitution andcable sharing of multiple
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• Compatibilit through h brid patch cords
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• 10GBASE-T and Categor 6 UTP
– TSB-155
• 40GBASE-T and Category 6A
–
40GBASE-T?
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-
Relative margin over distance
a r
g i n ,
d B
S / N CAT6A
FTP
0
0 50 100
Distance, % of max
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When will we get there?
erver orecas
12
14
16
n s8
10
M i l l i
2
4
6
0
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 1
2 0 1 2
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 5
2 0 1 6
2 0 1 7
2 0 1 8
2 0 1 9
2 0 2 0
100M 1G 10G 40G 100G
Source: Intel & Broadcom (Nov 2007)
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*Total Ethernet Links Supportable with
Optical Fibre Links
Copper Cabling*
25
30100GBE to 10m Copper
40GBE to 30m Copper
10GBE to 100m Copper ( m
i l l i o n s
15
20
1GBE to 100m Copper
c e
s s l i n k
10
l i e n t - t o - A
0
5
0 7
0 8
0 9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
T o t a l C
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
* Assumes minimum 30m reachSource: Alan Flatman, principal consultant , LAN
Technologies, UK
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• Cabling and Networking speeds
continually increase - together •
• Category 7A cabling is a likely candidate
technology – 40G
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Questions?