41-175 introduction to digital signal processingocw.sogang.ac.kr/rfile/2016/digital signal...
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EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 1
41-175 Introduction to Digital Signal
Processing
Spring 2016
Prof. Tai-kyong Song
Dept. of Electronic Engineering
SOGANG UNIVERSITY
2
Administration
Motivation
Course description, objectives and topics to learn
Lecture 1: Overall review of Logic Design Fundamentals
Agenda
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
3
Administration
Textbook:
Boaz Porat, A Course in Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley&sons,
Inc., 1997.
Recommended:
G.Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, 3rd ED.
Prentice-Hall int. Inc., 1996.
Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A computer-based
approach, 3rd edition, 2004“Rapid Prorotyping of Digital Systems,”
Springer, 2006
V. K. Ingle and J. G. Proakis, Digital Signal Processing using
MATLAB, PWS.
Extra handouts, papers to read, MATLAB manual, etc
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
4
Administration
Grading: Homework: 15%
Project: 15%
Participation: 5%
Quiz: 5%
Midterm: 30%
Final: 30%
Quiz: Announced at the end of the previous class
Midterm exam: TBD
Final: TBD
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Motivation
How much is “Digital Signal Processing” important ?
All kinds of Information
are represented by
electric signals.
5EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Motivation
How much is “Digital Signal Processing” important ?
Signal processingis aimed for various purposes at
manipulation of information-carrying
signals
6EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Motivation
How much is “Digital Signal Processing” important ?
Mostly, we process the signals
using
digital techniques.
7EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP Applications
Speech
audio
계측기
Robot
자동차
국방
반도체
가전
통신
영상
의료
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Goals
Modern DSP:
DSP algorithms to realize new ideas, methods, and solutions.
Key to understand or design information processing systems
Hardware solution: FPGA, VLSI
Software solution: Digital Signal Processor
Computer aided; Multi-rate; Advanced transforms
9EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
GOALS
You must be able to
understand
fundamental DSP theories
and apply them to
real-world engineering
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GOALS
If you can design and Implement
any new ideas,
it will be a great fun!
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Topics
Topics and Core Objectives
Week 1: Introduction / Review of Frequency Domain Analysis
Week 2: DTFT, Sampling and Reconstruction
Week 3-4: DFT, FFT
Week 5-6: z-transform and its application
Week 7: Windows and Spectrum analysis
Week 8: Mid-term exam
Week 9-10: FIR and IIR filters
Week 11-12: Design and Implementation of digital filters
Week 13-14: Multirate signal processing
Week 15: Applications of DSP
Week 16: Final exam
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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Lecture 1:
Introduction to DSP & Review of
Frequency Domain Analysis
Part 1: Introduction to DSP
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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Signal Processing : Applications
Signal Processing Systems Design (analog / digital)
1. Ideas or Required Functions
2. Algorithms to solve the problem and for its design/implementation
3. Algorithm verification and Analysis
4. Signal Flow Design: Block diagram, etc
5. System Architecture Design
6. Hardware / Software Design
7. Implementation and Debugging(test and correction)
8. Optimization
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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Signal Processing : Applications
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
For each of the following 3 examples,
Can you explain how it works?
Can you do mathematical and frequency-domain analysis?
Can you design required signal processing blocks (e.g., filter)?
Can you invent (design) the signal processing algorithms
and implement them?
How(method)?, Theory?, HW/SW design?
Great fun, if you can.
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 1: Analog AC-to-DC converter
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
AC DCto
How to design and make such a device?
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 1: Analog rectifier
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Does the varying DC have a non-varying DC component?
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 1: Analog rectifier
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Output waveform ?
1. without a load (R)
2. with a load
How to analyze?
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 2-1: Analog modulator/demodulator
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Amplitude modulator / demodulator
1. Time-domain Analysis vs. Frequency-domain Analysis?
2. LPF’s specification and its design/implementation?
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 2-2: Digital modulator/demodulator
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
X
X
ADC
DACLPF
y(n)
x(n)x(t)
r(n) ˆ( )x n ˆ( )x t
cos( ? )n
y(n)1. What should we determine?
2. How to design ?
3. Theories and methods
related to 1 and 2.
cos( ? )n
( )ˆ( )
( )
x tx t
x t
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 3-1: Quadrature demodulation – analog and digital?
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
X
r(t)0cos(2 )F t
LPF
X
0sin(2 )F t
LPF
0( ) ( )cos(2 )r t a t F t
( ) ( )cos( )Cu t a t
( ) ( )sin( )Su t a t
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Signal Processing : Applications
Example 3-2: Quadrature amplitude modulator / demodulator
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Quadrature amplitude mod / demod
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A/D (Analog-to-Digital) Conversion
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC, A/D converter)
A device that converts analog signals to digital signals
Coder
Sampler
ADC
signaltime -Discrete snTx :)(
)/1(: sTrate Sampling sF
)(tx )(nx
Quantizer
Input
Amplitude
Outp
ut
Am
plitu
de ......
. . . . . . . . . ..
)(tx
sFsT /1
)( snTx
n
Quantizer
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Identify
CTCA
CTDA
DTCA
DTDA
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Signals
Classification of Signals
Continuous-time Continuous-amplitude signals (analog signals)
Continuous-time Discrete-amplitude signals
Discrete-time Continuous-amplitude signals
Discrete-time Discrete-amplitude (DTDA) signals
Digital signals:
DTDA signals encoded with binary numbers.
Represented by digital sequence of numbers
Multi-channel and multi-dimensional signals
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
DSP System
ADC DAC
Digital
Signal
Processing
Analog
input
signal
Analog
output
signal
Digital
input signal
Digital
output signal
Sensor
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Amp Filter
ADC DACReconst
ructionDSPS/H
Post-Processing
Pre-processing
(Anti-aliasing filter)
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Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Advantages
유연성 (Flexibility)
프로세서나컴퓨터를이용한소프트웨어처리
기능의변경이나추가용이
고정밀도 (High accuracy)
아날로그방식에비하여매우정확하고 artifact가적도록처리가능
고성능/충실도 (High performance/fidelity)
어떠한복잡도의신호처리기법도구현가능
경제적/소형 (Cheaper/smaller systems)
프로세서와디지털 VLSI 기술의급격한발전에기인
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP System Design
IC 발전동향 Year 1947 1950 1961 1966 1971 1980 1990 2000
기술트랜지스터
발명개별 부품 SSI MSI LSI VLSI ULSI GSI
상용 칩당
트랜지스터
개수
1 1 10 100-10001000-
20,000
20,000-
1,000,000
1,000,000-
10,000,000
10,000,000
이상
응용 예 -
접합
트랜지스터
다이오드
평판 소자
로직게이트
플립 플롭
카운터
곱셈기
덧셈기
8 비트
마이크로
프로세서
ROM
RAM
16-32비트
마이크로
프로세서
복잡한
주변기기
GHM
DRAM
고성능
프로세서
가상
현실 기계
고성능
센서
* LSI : Large-Scale Integration
* MSI : Medium-Scale Integration
* SSI : Small-Scale Integration
* GSI : Giant-Scale Integration
* ULSI : Ultra Large-Scale Integration
* VLSI : Very Large-Scale Integration
System
on a
Chip
28
DSP System Design
DSP 발전동향
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP System Design
External
InterfaceASIC
MemoryDSP
(Digital Signal Processor)
FPGA
(Field Programmable Gate Array)
Plus other
digital devices
Clock Generator
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP System Design
Application example: Cellular Phone Block Diagram
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DSP: Fundamental Questions?
Origin or Motivation of DSP?
Computer Processing
Needed a new signal type that computers can handle
Question: Can computer process analog signals?
1. If yes, how can you store the analog data into computer
memory?
2. If no, in which format will you represent analog signals and
store the resulting data into computer memory?
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP: Fundamental Questions?
A/D conversion or sampling rule ?
What happens when sampling the signals ?
How to reconstruct the analog signal from the sampled data ?
Can we reconstruct the original analog input signal
exactly ?
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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DSP: Fundamental Questions?
1. The following two CT signals x0(t) and x1(t) are different,
but their samples are identical.
2. Then, how do we know what the sampled data represents?
What will be reconstructed from the sampled data?
)(0 tx )(1 tx
sFT /1
You will learn the theories related to this question
and their applications
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
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Why frequency domain analysis?
Rectifier [2]: further discussions
Frequency components of the following waveforms?
f [KHz]
60
f
120 240f time
V
5
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
Frequency components of each signal ?
35
Frequency domain analysis: analog vs. digital
Analog signal vs. Digital signal
(CTCA, CTDA, DTCA, DTDA)
Continuous-time signals : periodic and aperiodic
Discrete-time signals : periodic and aperiodic
Laplace transform
Fourier Transform (FT)
Fourier Series (FS)
Z-transform
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / FFT
EEE4175 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing