Chapter 4

• Fort Sumter attacked by rebel forces April of 1861.

• Lincoln calls on Virginia to stop the rebellion.

• VA joins the lower South and secedes

• Unorganized Union army led by McDowell moved slowly

• Confederates bring in reinforcements by train

• Union starts winning at first, until Southern troops rally around Stonewall Jackson

• North forced to retreat

• Key Union victories that opened up South to Northern invasion

• Union pushing south into MS and AL after victories in TN.

• South attacks Grant’s troops and almost wins. The next day, Grant comes back with reinforcements and Shiloh becomes bloodiest battle yet.

• 24,000 Dead

• Union forces capture New Orleans

• Union pushed North capturing Confederate Forts

• North cuts South in half by taking control of the river.

• 1. Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

• 2. Which Southern general rallied the troops at Bull Run?

• 3. Why was the capture of New Orleans an important victory for the North?

• Merrimack first iron clad ship built by the South. Later named the Virginia

• Monitor built by the Union to combat the Merrimack. (Fight fire with fire)

• Ships met in battle and were unable to sink one an other.

• North lead by McClellan tries for a second time to capture Richmond

• McClellan decides not to march back into Manassas and sends 100,000 troops by boat to a peninsula near Richmond

• Union defeats small CSA force and camps outside Richmond.

• Robert E. Lee given command of CSA army

• McClellan’s forces were in position to capture Richmond

• Lee decides to split his forces – Sent several thousand to support Jackson– Used the rest to pretend to attack Washington

• McClellan takes the bait and sends troops back to defend D.C. leaving a reduced force near Richmond

• Lee attacks McClellan and North retreats despite losing less men.

• McClellan fired after Lee’s maneuver.

• Lee outwits Gen. Pope by splitting his army to attack Pope from both sides.

• Battle breaks out at Bull Run again, and Union loses again!

• McClellan rehired

• Lee decides to invade North to gain European support– Lee sneaks into Western Maryland– Lee loses 12,000 of his 40,000 men

• McClellan loses 8,000 of his 100,000

• Lee retreats but McClellan does not pursue

• Bloodiest battle so far

• 1. Why were the Monitor and Merrimack special?

• 2. What General outwitted McClellan and sneak attacked Maryland?

• 3. Who wins the battle at Antietam?

NORTH SOUTH

• 2/3 of Population

• 70% of Railroads

• 5 times as many factories

• 7 out of 8 military institutions in South

• Home field advantage

• Everything to fight for

NORTH SOUTH

• Anaconda Plan: Plan to choke off South through blockade

• Capture Richmond to win the war

• War of attrition: Outlast the north by playing defense

• Stopped exporting cotton to world hoping to create shortages