4.2 mutations gene mutation – a change in the specific order of the a, g, c and t bases that make...

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CHAPTER 4 NOTES 4.2 Mutations

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Chapter 4 notes

Chapter 4 notes4.2 Mutations

Mutations typesGene mutation a change in the specific order of the A, G, C and T bases that make up a particular geneTypes1. Deletion one base is missing so everything shifts to the left2. Addition one base added so everything shifts to the right3. Substitution one base is substituted for another

mutations1. Positive mutations benefits an individual (e.g. developed resistance to disease)2. Negative mutations harmful to an individual (e.g. sickle cell anemia where abnormal red blood cells cant carry oxygen well and block blood flow or cystic fibrosis where mucous builds up in the lungs)3. Neutral mutations does not affect an organism (e.g. the white coat colour of the Spirit Bear)mutagens substances or factors that can cause mutations in DNA (cigarette smoke, radiation, UV rays, pollutants and some household chemicals)Correcting MutationsGene therapy researchers replace a mutated gene with a healthy copy; very risky