4.2 sources sunnah

8/13/2019 4.2 Sources Sunnah

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AS-SUNNAH


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Preface

Fatwa on the anti hadith group Enactment no;7/1993 (Sngor:95/Mlk 91/Kedah 98).

Fatwa
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/Lecturer's%20Notes/fatwa_warta_view.asp.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/Lecturer's%20Notes/fatwa_warta_view.asp.htm


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JUSTIFICATION Contradict the Islamic Aqidah, Syariah and

Akhlaq

Apposed the position of Hadith as the 2nd

sources of Aqidah

Disrespect the prophet

Disrespect the Quran (insult its contents/distort the meaning)


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AL-SUNNAH

Secondary source from which theteaching of Islam are drawn


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AL- SUNNAH

Literally means;a way, rule, a manner of action

or mode of life


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Both Hadithand Sunnah, cover the

same ground and defining theprophets actions, sayings and silent

approval

SUNNAH & HADITH

In Islam, the Arabic word Sunnahhas come to denote the way

Prophet Muhammad (saw), the Messenger of Allah, lived his life.

The Sunnah is the second source of Islamic jurisprudence, the

first being the Quran.

Both sources are indispensable; one cannot practice Islam

without consulting both of them.

The Arabic word hadith(pl. ahadith) is very similar to Sunnah,

but not identical.

A hadith is a narrationabout the life of the Prophet (pbuh) or

what he approved - as opposed to his life itself, which is the

Sunnah as already mentioned.


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THREE CATEGORIES OF

SUNNAH

Qaul; saying of the prophet which has influence areligious matters

Eg: none of you (truly) believes until he wishes for isbrother what he wishes for himself.

Fiil; an action of the Prophet

Eg: perform your prayer as you see me praying

Taqrir; his silent approval of the action or practice of

anotherEg: case of Bani Quraizah

case of Khalid eating Dhab


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THE ROLE OF SUNNAH

TO EXPLAIN THE QURAN

The Quran generally deals with the

broad principals or essentials of religion(going into details in vary rare cases).

The prophet generally supplied the

details, either by showing in his practice

(case of Solah / Zakat) or by giving an

explanation in words.


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THE SECOND SOURCE OF ISLAMIC RULES

AFTER THE QURAN

Eg; Conversation between Muaz Ibn Jabal

and Rasulullah s.a.w when he was appointed

as Governor of Yemen (reported by Ahmad

and Tarmizy)

The Prophet enquired "How will you decide the cases?"

"I shall decide according to the Book of God", replied Muaz,

"And if there is nothing on the subject in the Book of God", asked the Prophet."Then according to the practice (Sunnah) of the Apostle of God", replied Muaz.

"And if there is nothing in the practice of the Apostle of God?" enquired the Prophet.

Then I will use my own judgment added Muaz.

Thereupon the Apostle of God said, "Praise be to God who enabled the envoy of the Apostle

of God to say what has satisfied him (Prophet)"


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THE AUTHORITY OF

SUNNAH

"And whatever the Messenger gives you,take it, and whatever he forbids you, leave it.

And fear Allah: truly Allah is severe in

punishment. " (al-Hashr: 7)

Refer;

Al-Imran: 132,

Al- Nur :63, Al-Imran: 32


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Quranic verses:


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TRANSMISSION OF HADITH

The transmission of practices and sayingsof the holy prophet from one person to

another.e.g.: remember this words and report it tothose whom you have left behind

e.g.: Go back to your people and teachthem these things

e.g.: he who is present here should carrythis message to those who is absent


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COMPONENTS OF HADITH

ISNAD: Chain of reporters / chain of transmission

from person to person. The isnad are vital for

verifying the accuracy of individual hadith. An

isnad might go like this: Abdullah told Ali who toldYusuf who told Dawud... etc.

MATAN: Text / the narration itself. One famousanthology of hadith is that of Bukhari.


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Example of Hadith


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MUSTALAH AL-HADITH

(CLASSIFICATION OF

HADITH)

Mustalah books speak of a number of classes of

hadith in accordance with their status. The

following broad classifications can be made:

Classification of Hadith
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/4Classification%20of%20Hadith.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/4Classification%20of%20Hadith.doc


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1. According to the reference to a

particular authorityFour types of hadithcan be identified.

Qudsi- Divine; a revelation from Allah (SWT); relayed

with the words of the Prophet (PBUH). Marfu- elevated; a narration from the Prophet

(PBUH), e.g. I heard the Prophet (PBUH) saying ...

Mauquf- stopped: a narration from a companion only,

e.g., we were commanded to ... Maqtu'- severed: a narration from a successor.


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Example of Hadith Qudsi


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2. According to the links in the

isnad, i.e. whether the chain of reporters isinterrupted or uninterrupted, e.g. musnad(supported), muttasil (continuous), munqati'(broken), mu'allaq (hanging), mu'dal (perplexing)and mursal (hurried).

3. According to the number ofreporters involved in eachstage of the isnad, e.g. mutawatir(consecutive) and ahad (isolated), the latter beingdivided into gharib (scarce, strange), 'aziz (rare,strong), and mashhur (famous).


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Example of Mutawatir


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4. According to the nature of thematn and isnad, Munkar - denounced: is ahadith which is reported by a weak narrator, andwhose narration goes against another authentichadith.

Mudraj - interpolated: an addition by a reporter

to the text of the hadith being narrated.

5. According to the reliability andmemory of the reporters; the final

judgment on a hadith depends crucially on thisfactor: verdicts such as sahih (sound), hasan(good), da'if (weak) and maudu' (fabricated, forged)rest mainly upon the nature of the reporters in theisnad.


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TRUSTWORTHINESS OF

NARRATORS

Character of the narrators;

morally and religiously satisfactory,

reputation for truthfulness had the ability to transmit what they heard

Competent witness (whose testimony

accepted in the court of Syariah law) Uprightness:


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Uprightness:

1 Muslim Narration is not accepted from a non-Muslim even if he is one of thePeople of the Book.

2 Adult Narration should not be accepted from a child.

3 Sane Narration should not accepted from insane persons.

4 No Debauchery Debauchery is committing grievous sins or persistence in committingminor sins.

5 Magnanimity This condition stipulates that a narrator should behave in compliance

with the manner appropriate for his status. If he were, for example, ascholar, he should behave like a scholar. not trader. Therefore,scholars of hadith placed great emphasis on the moral aspect of thenarrator's character, including his honesty, trustworthiness andfreedom from all that is improper with the acceptability of narration,especially when it is related to religion and tradition reported fromthe Prophet (peace be upon him).


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REPORT IS NOT ACCEPTED UNDER

ANY OF THESE CIRCUMSTANCES;

1. Apposed to (recognized) historical fact

2. the reporter was a Shiah and the hadith was anature of accusation against the companion /

family3. time and circumstances of the narration

contained evidence of forgery

4. it against reasons/the basic teaching of Islam


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5. if an incident happened and would have

been known to / reported by a large numberbut the incident was not reported by anyone

except the particular reporter

6. the word were not in accordance with

Arabic idiom or the subject mater wasagainst the prophet dignity

7. if it contained threatening of heavy

punishment for ordinary sins or promises of

mighty reward for a slight good did

8. if the narrator confessed that he fabricate

the report


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SUM-UP:

To abstract rules from the Quran,

hadith is the only way. Those who

try to understand the religion solely

without the hadith, he is not going

anywhere or he might go astray

(Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal).

4.2 sources sunnah

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