4.3 using mineral resources
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4.3 Using Mineral Resources. Key Concepts How are minerals used? How are ores produced to obtain metals? Vocabulary Terms Gemstone Ore Smelting alloy. Uses of Minerals. Modern civilization uses many minerals and you are surrounded by materials that come from minerals all the time - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
4.3 Using Mineral Resources
Key Concepts How are minerals used? How are ores produced to obtain metals?
Vocabulary Terms Gemstone Ore Smelting alloy
Uses of Minerals
Modern civilization uses many minerals and you are surrounded by materials that come from minerals all the time
Minerals are the source of gemstones, metals and a variety of materials used to make many products
*Think – Pair – Share*
Talk with the people at your table and create a list of products you can name that are made from minerals.
Remember the 5 characteristics of minerals!
Uses of Minerals
GemstonesGemstones – hard colorful minerals with a brilliant or glassy luster.
Gemstones are valued for their color, luster, durability and rarity.
Gems are cut and polished gemstones Can be used for jewelry, decoration,
mechanical parts and polishing.
Uses of Minerals
MetalsMetals Some minerals are the sources of metals
Ex) aluminum, iron, copper or silver
Metals can be stretched, flattened, hammered or molded without breaking Ex) aluminum foil, steel beams, or copper
wire
Uses of Minerals
Other useful mineralsOther useful minerals There are many other useful minerals
besides metals and gems. People use materials from minerals in
foods, medicines, fertilizers, and building materials.
Uses of Minerals Talc: Baby powder, soapstone, gymnastics to
grasp bars Gypsum: Wall board, Plaster of paris Bauxite: Aluminum foil, Airplane parts/
aluminum Copper: Tubing, electrical wires, sculptures
Borax: Antiseptic soaps/welding flux/cleaner-found in dry lake beds Sulfur: Fungicides, kills bacteria, vulcanizes rubber, in coal/fuels Muscovite/Mica: White, gray material in electrical insulators Halite: Salt Calcite: Hard water deposit/part of limestone rock of ancient sea
beds/forming along shores of the Great Salt Lake Limonite/Taconite: Source of Iron / around Cedar City Feldspar: Ceramics and porcelain, colors in granites (not black) Quartz /Quartz crystal: Glass manufacturing, radios/computers
/electronic equipment Diamond: Cutting tools/ blades/ saws Lead: Primarily used in the construction of batteries. Aluminum: Cans, aircraft and automobile construction, sporting and
electronic equipment, appliances.
PA Minerals Mined
Principal MineralsMined Here!
Crushed and
broken stone
Lime Sand andGravel
Coal PortlandCement
STOP and THINK!
What are some ways that the use of minerals has affected the development of society?
Think about the ways we use minerals and apply those uses to the ways society has been changed.
Producing Metals from Minerals
To produce metal from a mineral, a rock containing the mineral must be located through prospecting and mined.
Then the rock must be processed to extract the metal.
Producing Metals from Minerals
Most metals are not found in pure form They occur as a mineral that is a
combination of metal and other elements
Ore – is a rock that contains solid metal or other minerals that can be mined and sold for profit
Producing Metals from Minerals
Prospecting Prospecting – searching for an ore deposit Geologists prospect for ores
by observing rocks on and beneath the surface
Geologists can map the size and shape of an ore deposit by measuring the magnetic field.
Depending on the map of the ore deposit, geologists determine the type of mining they will do to extract the ore.
Producing Metals from Minerals
MiningMining There are three types of mines: strip
mines, open pit mines and shaft mines.1) Strip mines – the soil is scraped away
to expose the ore2) Open pit mines – large pits are dug to
remove the ore deposits3) Shaft mines – tunnels extend deep into
the ground following the veins of ore.
Producing Metals from Minerals
SmeltingSmelting – ore is mixed with other substances and melted to separate the useful metal from the other elements. Ore must be processed before the
metals contained in it can be used
* Think – Pair – Share *
Work with a partner and answer the following questions.
The chemical formula for hematite is Fe2O3
1) What does the chemical symbols stand for?
2) What is the purpose of smelting?3) What is added to the iron ore?4) Where does the oxygen go?
Producing Metals from Minerals
Further ProcessingFurther Processing Additional processing is needed to
remove impurities from metal Alloys are solid mixtures of two or more
elements and at least one is a metal Carbon + iron = steel Steel + chromium + nickel = stainless steel