Author Index

AAarhaug, Thor A., 525Abdelrahman, Maiada S., 885, 1013Abdu, Mahmoud T., 885, 1013Agbenyegah, Gordon E.K., 479Ahli, Nadia, 769Ahoutou, Yao, 1247Aichun, Zhao, 93Akhmetov, Sergey, 519, 749, 769Alamdari, Houshang, 1275, 1289, 1315, 1325Al-Dojayli, Maher, 1079Ali, Usman, 409Al-Jabri, Najeeba, 519Allaire, Pierre-Louis, 1079Allano, Bertrand, 623Allanore, Antoine, 967, 973, 1005, 1097Alzarooni, Abdalla, 671, 769Alzarouni, Ali, 769Amirkhanlou, Sajjad, 335Andresen, Trond, 783Anson, James, 1385Antrekowitsch, Helmut, 385Ares, Alicia Esther, 455Arkhipov, Alexander, 671, 769Ashad, Firman, 1213Åsheim, Henrik, 525Assem, Aya, 1131Aune, Ragnhild Elizabeth, 783Aymard, Bastien, 1349

BBabaniaris, Steven, 371Baek, Eun-ji, 379Baiteche, Mounir, 679, 1315, 1325Bajana, Oto, 463Baker, Duane, 1045Balde, Mamadou, 439Ball, Peter, 917Balog, Martin, 463Bandodkar, Gajanan, 1165Barbato, Carla N., 17Barbatti, C., 997Barcellos, Daniel, 17Baril, Marc-Antoine, 1275Barnett, Matthew R., 371Basak, C.B., 1139Baumgart, Peter, 343

Beaudry, Maryse, 1061Beer, Aiden, 371Belliveau, Thomas, 279Berends, William, 1341, 1365Bertel, SØren N., 543Bertolino, Luiz C., 17Bérubé, J.P, 1053Bhattacharyay, Dipankar, 1247Bilodeau, Jean-François, 473, 607, 1307Birbaşar, Onur, 273, 821, 1021BjØrneklett, Are, 197Blackmore, Adam, 1045Blais, Jérémie, 731Blake, Paul, 419Blasques, Jose, 749Boateng, Akwasi A., 1221Boenigk, Winfried, 1157Bogdanov, Yuriy, 571Bojarevics, Valdis, 687Bono, Louis A., 293Botelho, Fernando Aracati, 53Boubaker, Moez Ben, 1289Bouhabila, El Hani, 775Bouvier, Véronique, 439Brahme, Abhijit, 409Brandvik, Trond, 1281Brassard, Martin, 1307Brody, Harold, 1035Broek, Stephan, 487Browne, David J., 1123Buandra, Ade, 1213Bührig-Polaczek, Andreas, 855Buzunov, Victor, 1151

CCaetano, Silvino, 793Cance, Dominique, 343Capuzzi, Stefano, 1115Cardoso, Diego Lisboa, 589Castro, Danielle C., 17Cazacu, Oana, 393Chandola, Nitin, 393Chandrasekar, Srinivasan, 301Chaouki, Hicham, 1315, 1325Charette, Olivier, 731Charnley, Fiona, 917Chattopadhyay, Kinnor, 579

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2017A.P. Ratvik (ed.), Light Metals 2017, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0

1481

Chen, X.-G., 447Chesonis, D. Corleen, 1411Chhabra, Jagmohan, 1165Choquette, Denis, 279Cilianu, Marian, 775Claes, Joris, 1157Clos, Daniel Perez, 783Colbert, Josée, 949Connolley, Thomas, 213Cook, Ray, 909Côté, B., 1069Côté, Pascal, 599, 1299Côté, Patrice, 623Coulombe, Patrick, 1247Courtenay, John, 1419Cui, Qi, 427Cui, Senlin, 159Cvahte, Peter, 259

DDağdelen, Eda, 833Dallaire, Michael, 289Dando, Neal R., 487Darell, Ove, 551Darmstadt, Hans, 1221Das, Karabi, 187Das, Siddhartha, 187Dassylva-Raymond, Véronique, 623de Lima, Flávia A.N., 589Deng, Bona, 75D’Errico, F., 227de Oliveira, Amanda Morais, 53de Oliveira, Roberto C.L., 589Désilets, Martin, 1307Desmeules, J.F., 1053, 1069de Souza, Alan M.F., 589Despinasse, Serge, 715, 775Desrayaud, Christophe, 439Desrosiers, Patrice, 793Devadiga, Harishchandra, 749Di Lisa, Domenico, 1255Dion, Lukas, 509Dittrich, R., 1105, 1457Dobra, Gheorghe, 315, 775Dorreen, Mark M.R., 533, 659Doty, H.W., 243Dou, Zhihe, 103, 115Dragojević, Vukašin, 259Duchesne, Carl, 1289Dufour, J.D., 1069Dündar, Murat, 273, 1021Dupuis, Marc, 693Düssel, R., 723

EEdwards, Les, 1157, 1173, 1193Ekici, Hamdi, 925El-Haddad, Shimaa, 1131Elkasabi, Yaseen, 1221El Mahallawi, Iman, 1131Endo, Masaya, 427

Engalychev, Svyatoslav, 9Engh, Thorvald Abel, 1115Erdemir, Murat Can, 1021Ertan, Seda, 173Eskin, Dmitry G., 213, 997, 1437Espinoza-Nava, Luis, 649Etzion, Ron, 615Euh, Kwangjun, 379Evans, James W., 509

FFafard, Mario, 679, 1275, 1289, 1315, 1325Fagerlie, John Olav, 1445Fan, Zhongyun, 221, 335, 419, 861, 997, 1123Felix, Adriana A.S., 17Fernandes, Vanderlei Oliveira, 759Ferreira, Karoline K., 17Fonseca, Raissa Silva, 53Forté, Martin, 1307Fraser, Alex, 289Frenette, Harold, 1299Friedrich, B., 1105, 1457Friedrich, Ralph, 705Fuliang, Zheng, 89

GGabis, Olivier, 279Gagné, Jean-Pierre, 599, 1299Gagnon, Marc, 1375Gao, Lei, 579Gao, Yashuang, 615Garcia, Oscar Vera, 705Gardarsson, Gardar, 955Gariepy, René, 793Garrido, Francisco M.S., 17Gasafi, Edgar, 3Gauto, Estefanía, 455Gębarowski, Wojciech, 525, 1203Genna, John L., 293Gerber, Andrew, 1045Ghorbani, Hamid, 1079Gleeson, Brian, 1465Gobber, Federico, 877Godefroy, Antoine, 509Godmaire, Xavier P., 289Gosselin, Edward, 1315, 1325Gostu, Sumedh, 67Graff, Joachim S., 265Grande, Tor, 543, 561, 1265, 1281Grandfield, John, 1397, 1429Grydin, Olexandr, 843, 827Gudbrandsen, Henrik, 1333Gudmundsson, Throstur, 955Guérard, Sébastien, 473, 607Guerra, Antônio C.O., 17Gu, Foquan, 75Guizard, Magali, 343Güler, Erdem, 925Günyüz, Mert, 821, 1021Guo, Fang-fang, 83Guozhi, Lv, 93

1482 Author Index

Gu, Songqing, 47Guthrie, Roderick I.L., 1403Guy, Sabrina, 949

HHaarberg, Geir Martin, 525, 1333HÅkonsen, Arild, 1445Han, Qingyou, 181Hari Babu, N., 1139Harp, Kevin, 1173, 1193Haugen, Terje, 1445Haverkamp, R.G., 533Heinke, Frank, 1255Hilck, Arne, 501Hilgraf, Peter, 501Hiltmann, Frank, 705Hmelak, Branko, 259Hmelak, Sara, 259Holme, BØrge, 265Hongshi, Jiang, 137Hong, Zhong, 89Hua, Jinsong, 1445Huang, Yan, 235Huang, Yukun, 103Hu, Yisen, 327Hyland, M.M., 533Hyland, Margaret H., 479

IIijima, Steve, 909Inal, Kaan, 409İpek, Sadık Kaan, 833Isac, Mihaiela M., 1403Ishikawa, Nobuhito, 981Ishiwata, Yasuo, 167, 989Işıksaçan, Cemil, 821, 1021Ito, Y., 305Ivo, Leonel Vicente Mota, 759

JJacobs, Jeneé L., 293Jacques, Alain, 1315, 1325Jankowski, Phil, 1419Jarrett, M., 997Jarry, P., 997Jasmi, Amal Al, 671Jassim, Ali, 533Jelen, Marina, 259Jiang, Tao, 75Ji, Shouxun, 221, 335, 419, 861Johnsen, Sverre Gullikstad, 783Johnson, David R., 301Johnson, John, 1151Jolly, Mark R., 917Jonsson, Magnus Th, 955Joseph, Carolyn, 967Jung, In-Ho, 159Jung, Jae-Gil, 379Jun, L., 147

KKang, Jinwu, 867Karhausen, Kai-Friedrich, 811Kaszás, Csilla, 473Kevorkijan, Varužan M., 259Khalaghi, Babak, 1333Khalifa, Waleed, 885, 1013, 1027Khorsand, Shohreh, 235Khramenko, Sergey, 1151Kim, Hyoung-Wook, 379Kiss, László I., 473, 509, 607Kjos, Ole Sigmund, 1333Klenosky, Daniel R., 301Kocaefe, Duygu, 1247Kocaefe, Yasar, 1247Koch, Hubert, 343Kolbeinsen, Leiv, 127Kolb, Gernot K.-H., 385Komarov, Sergey, 989Kondo, Takutoshi, 167Kovačec, Uroš, 259Kramer, Gustavo Raúl, 455Krane, Matthew John M., 399Krizik, Peter, 463Krummrich, Florian, 1255Kubo, Takashi, 981Kubowicz, Stephan, 265Kuhnt, Christopher, 1157, 1173, 1193Kumar, S., 305Kunlin, Luo, 1357Kuramoto, Shigeru, 427Kuru, Ceyhun, 833Kvithyld, Anne, 1115, 1397, 1465

LLabanca, Rogério Cosendey, 759Laflamme, François, 509Lagacé, Charles-Luc, 509Lamoureux, Alexandre, 1079Langelier, Valérie, 1061Larouche, André, 949Lavoie, Pascal, 599LeBreux, Marc, 1307Lee, Jung-Moo, 379Li, Donghui, 579Li, Guanghui, 75Liu, K., 447Liu, Xingtao, 181Liu, Yan, 115Liu, Yanfei, 181Li, Yingjie, 37Li, Yingwu, 739Li, Zepeng, 121Lombardo, Silvia, 877Long, Wang, 93Lossius, Lorentz Petter, 1183, 1203, 1237Lowery, Alex W., 1089Lubin, Marvin L., 1193Lu, Guozhi, 61Lu, Long, 31Luneng, Raymond, 543

Author Index 1483

Luo, Jun, 75Lützerath, Andreas, 705Lv, Guozhi, 83, 103, 115Lysight, Martin, 1061

MMacedo, Emanuel Negrão, 53Ma, Dongdong, 31Ma, Hongyou, 121Maiwald, Detlef, 1255Malcıoğlu, Ali Ulaş, 173Malisano, J., 305Mallick, Subash, 641Maltais, Bruno, 1475Maltseva, Natalia V., 109Mambakkam, Vishnuvardhan, 579Mann, Victor, 571, 1151Martin, Olivier, 623, 793Martins, Gerard P., 67Marzoli, Luisa, 343Matsui, Yu, 803Mattavelli, D., 227Matthies, Christiane, 343McCall, Scott, 205McIntosh, Grant J., 479Medeiros, Marta E., 17Mehrabi, Hamid, 917Meier, Richard, 705Menard, Yvon, 1231Méndez, Claudia Marcela, 455Meşe, Ayten Ekin, 273Messer, Patrick, 855Metson, James B., 479, 533Meydanoğlu, Onur, 821, 1021Mi, Jiawei, 213Mikkelsen, JØrgen, 543Mirza, F.A., 447Mishra, Brajendra, 67Mishra, Raj, 159Mishra, Raja K., 409Mokkelbost, Tommy, 1333Mollaoğlu Altuner, Hatice, 821, 1021Mortensen, Dag, 811, 1445Mugiono, Edi, 1213Mulder, Albert, 599, 615

NNamboothiri, Sankar, 641Narvekar, Ravindra Narayan, 1165NeksÅ, Petter, 783Néron, J.B, 1053Neveu, Jérémy, 775Nordmark, Arne, 1115Norel, Eric, 715Novo, Bruna L., 17Nürnberger, Florian, 827

OO’Reilly, K.A.Q., 305Osen, Karen Sende, 1333Ose, Sivert, 495

Ott, Ryan, 205Øye, Bjarte, 1183Özdemir, Durmuş, 273Özşahin, Özgür, 833

PPaepcke, Jan, 501Pagone, Emanuele, 917Palsson, Halldor, 955Panov, Andrey, 9Parenteau, Guillaume, 1061Pasiliao, Crystal, 393Patel, Jayesh B., 1123Paulsen, Ove, 551Paulsen, Ove BjØrn, 1333Pavlov, Sergey, 571Peng, Zhiwei, 75Perander, Linus, 3Perrier, Frédéric, 439Petre, Marin, 315Pfeffer, Markus, 705Philippaux, Vincent, 1349Picard, Donald, 1275, 1289Pichat, A., 1105, 1457Pingin, Vitaliy, 571Plikas, Tom, 1045Pogatscher, Stefan, 385Poncsák, Sándor, 473, 509, 607Popa, Gheorghe, 315PÖschmann, Daniel, 385Potesser, Michael, 899Potocnik, Vinko, 671Pouliot, Maxime, 731

QQi, Lijuan, 47

RRahimian, Mehdi, 419Ratvik, Arne Petter, 543, 551, 561, 1203, 1265, 1281Rauch, Johannes, 899Reek, T., 705, 723Reichelson, Jonathan B., 1375Ren, Roger T., 1403Réthoré, Julien, 1275Revil-Baudard, Benoit, 393Richard, Daniel, 731, 1079Richards, Nolan E., 659Riglos, Maria Victoria Castro, 463Rios, Orlando, 205Robert, Pascal, 793Robillard, Jason, 731Robitaille, Martin, 793Rombach, G., 1105, 1457Rong, Yiming, 327RØrvik, Stein, 561, 1203, 1237, 1265Rosefort, Marcel, 1105, 1419Rosso, Mario, 877Roth, David J., 933Rozicki, Roberto S., 455Ruschak, Michael L., 279, 293

1484 Author Index

SSafarian, Jafar, 127Salloum-Abou-Jaoude, G., 997Salonitis, Konstantinos, 917Samuel, A.M., 243Samuel, F.H., 243Sandnes, Espen, 525Sandnes, Geir, 759Sanogo, Bazoumana, 1247Sava, Ioan, 315Scarsella, Alessio, 3Schaper, Mirko, 827, 843Schmidt, Christian W., 811Schmidt, Hans-Werner, 3Schneider, André Felipe, 731SchØning, Christian, 551, 561Sellaeg, Hanne, 127Senanu, Samuel, 561Sethi, Jamuna, 187Seytenov, Rustam A., 109Shahbeigi-Roodposhti, Peiman, 1035Shangguan, Haolong, 867Shimosaka, Daisuke, 167Sida, Ma, 93Sieber, John, 279Sijabat, S.S., 1213Silva, Fernanda A.N.G., 17Simensen, Christian J., 197, 265Sims, Zachary, 205Smith, Nicholas, 1465Soares, Fábio M., 589Solheim, AsbjØrn, 525, 633Somov, Vladimir, 571Song, W., 147Song, Wu, 137, 1357Sorelli, Luca, 1275SØrhuus, Anders, 495Soucy, Gervais, 1307Souza, José Antonio Silva, 53Steglich, J., 1105, 1457Stephens, Samantha L., 293Stiegert, Jens, 1157Stolbchenko, M., 843Stone, Ian, 1123St-Pierre, Rémi, 599, 1299Sun, Hang, 1247Sun, Huilan, 121Suzuki, Takashi, 427Svec, Peter, 463Svensson, Ann Mari, 1203Syvertsen, Martin, 1451

TTabereaux, Alton. T., 533, 659Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad, 679Taguchi, Yoshihiro, 167Takahashi, Eishin, 909Takahashi, Koichi, 803, 981Takeda, Yoshihiro, 989Taniguchi, Ryosuke, 167Tessier, Jayson, 1289

Tezuka, Nobuki, 167Timelli, Giulio, 1115Ting’an, Zhang, 93Tjahyono, Nursiani Indah, 615Tong, Mingming, 1123Tong, Zhifang, 37Topaloğlu, Vedat, 1021Tranell, Gabriella, 1465Tremblay, étienne, 1475Trischan, Keith K., 293Trudel, René, 1385Trumble, Kevin P., 301, 399Tsunekawa, Yoshiki, 1013Tucs, Andrejs, 687Tzanakis, Iakovos, 213

UUçar, Özlem İnanç, 273Uggowitzer, Peter J., 385Ulus, Ali, 833, 925

VValtierra, S., 243Varayud, Marcos, 909Venancio, Luis C.A., 53Verin, Vincent, 775Vincent, Bertrand, 1385Vinogradov, Sergey, 9Vlasov, Evgeny A., 109Volšak, Darja, 259Voyer, Pierre Luc, 793Vroomen, Uwe, 855

WWagstaff, Robert B., 1097Wagstaff, Samuel R., 967, 973, 1005, 1097Wang, Bo, 31, 121Wang, Feng, 213Wang, Gang, 327Wang, Long, 83, 103, 115Wang, Wenguang, 327Wang, Xiangwen, 649Wang, Xiaoming, 181Wang, Xudong, 739Wang, Yanxiu, 61, 83, 103Wang, Yunbo, 399Wang, Zhaohui, 561, 1265, 1281Watson, Douglas, 419, 861Weidong, Z., 147Weidong, Zhu, 137, 1357Weiguang, Zhang, 93Weiss, David, 205weiwei, Tian, 89Welch, Barry J., 533, 659wenzhong, Cao, 89Whitfield, Daniel, 519, 749Wills, Albert, 279Wimmer, A., 433Woloshyn, Jennifer, 1045

Author Index 1485

Wong, David S., 615Wu, Chengbo, 739Wyss, Rebecca, 279

XXianxi, W., 147Xianxi, Wu, 137, 1357Xie, Liqun, 61, 83

YYamada, Tatsuya, 981Yan, David, 181Ye, Mao, 327Yin, Zhonglin, 47Yu, Dawei, 579Yu, Jun, 167

ZZangeneh, Pouya, 731, 1079Zhang, Bin, 941Zhang, Di, 31Zhang, Tianxu, 31Zhang, Ting-an, 61, 83, 103, 115Zhang, Weiguang, 61, 83, 103, 115Zhang, Xuezheng, 121Zhang, Yijie, 221, 335Zhang, Zhengyong, 25Zhao, Kai, 121Zhao, Qiuyue, 115Zherdev, Aleksey, 571Zhu, Xiaofeng, 61, 83, 115Ziegler, Donald, 679Ziegler, Donald P., 731

1486 Author Index

Subject Index

A3004 aluminum alloy, 1747050 alloy, 3017075 aluminium alloy, 3187xxx alloys, 385, 386, 388A356 alloy, 221–224AA6061 aluminum alloys, 447, 448, 451AA6082, 997, 998, 1000AA7050, 399, 400, 403–407Abart, 495, 497, 498, 500Abnormality detection, 601ACD, 1475–1477, 1480Acoustic streaming, 989, 993Activated alumina, 93, 94, 98Adsorption, 487–490Aerated distribution system, 501Age hardening, 438Aggregate, 1183, 1184, 1187–1189, 1191Aging, 386–388Al4Ca, 167, 168, 170, 171Al–5%Cu–0.4%Mn alloy, 327, 328Alba Potline 6, 769Al cast alloys, 419, 420, 424AlCl3 electrolysis, 641, 642, 645, 647AlFeSi, 811, 813, 818Alkali, 83, 86, 87Alkaline aluminosilicates, 9, 12, 15Alkalinity precipitation, 53, 55Alloy design, 160, 161AlMgSiCuZn alloy, 379Al-MMC, 181, 182, 185AP40, 793–795, 799Al scrap, 1132Al–Si–Cu cast alloys, 244Al-Ti-B, 182–184Alumina, 3–6, 8, 37–43, 61–63, 65, 66, 83, 84, 86, 87, 109, 110, 112,

127–130, 133, 135, 147, 148, 479–481, 483–485, 496–498, 500Alumina extraction, 25, 27Alumina leaching, 31, 34, 35, 121–125Alumina raft, 473–478Aluminium, 551, 558, 811–813, 909–912, 915, 1191, 1397, 1398,

1445, 1447–1449Aluminium alloy, 197, 236, 237, 240, 265, 305, 306, 310, 335, 337,

339, 372, 374, 862, 1123, 1128, 1129, 1144Aluminium chloride, 94, 98Aluminium electrolysis, 526, 527, 608, 1203, 1204, 1334

Aluminium electrolysis cell, 549Aluminium industry, 783, 785, 789, 790Aluminium recycling, 1115Aluminium reduction, 723Aluminium reduction cell, 561Aluminium smelters, 1165Aluminium smelting potlines, 590Aluminum (Al), 205–207, 259–263, 280, 285–287, 290, 292, 301, 302,

304, 433, 464, 623, 625, 626, 629, 1307, 1308, 1437–1440,1451–1455, 1465, 1466, 1470

Aluminum alloy, 159, 160, 162, 164, 214, 227–229, 293, 385, 386,388, 427, 428, 430–432, 827, 830, 878, 880, 942, 946, 947

Aluminum electrolysis, 705, 706Aluminum electrolysis cells, 746Aluminum foil, 427, 429, 432Aluminum furnace, 899, 901, 902Aluminum hydroxide, 110, 112, 113Aluminum-Magnesium alloys, 455, 456, 460Aluminum matrix, 187, 188Aluminum–silicon alloys, 1013, 1014Aluminum smelter, 1068Aluminum smelting, 1289Aluminum-steel, 843–845, 848, 850Aluminum strip roughness, 835, 839, 840, 842Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, 385Amperage creep, 1385, 1386Anhydrous aluminium chloride, 104Anneal-hardening, 427–429, 431, 432Anode, 1183, 1187–1191, 1349–1351, 1353, 1354Anode baking, 1231, 1233Anode baking furnace, 1255, 1265, 1266, 1281, 1282, 1285, 1286,

1288Anode binder, 1157, 1160–1163Anode effect, 509, 510, 513–516, 650, 655–657Anode inert tray, 776–780Anode potentials, 533–535, 538, 539Anode quality, 1213, 1215, 1217, 1219Anode reactions, 533, 535, 537, 538Anode rod tracking, 1299Anodes, 1174, 1176, 1177, 1179, 1385–1394Anode size change, 1385Anode stub, 1299Anode voltage drop, 1341, 1345, 1347Ansys, 1315, 1316, 1322Argon, 1475, 1477, 1478, 1480As Cast sheet surface, 833

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2017A.P. Ratvik (ed.), Light Metals 2017, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0

1487

Automation, 1054, 1059Automotive, 227, 228Availability, 1349–1351, 1353, 1354

BBaked carbon anode, 1297Bath, 599–605Bauxite, 17–22, 127–135Bauxite ore residue, 75–77, 81Bauxite residue, 47–51, 53, 54, 67, 73Bayer process, 127–129Bending, 174, 176, 178–180Beneficiation, 11, 15, 16Beryllium, 1451–1454, 1465, 1466, 1468–1473Biomass, 1221–1224, 1226, 1227Blaine number, 1213, 1215, 1219Bleed-out, 962–965Bolted connections, 731, 733, 734, 737, 738Briquetting machine, 928Bubble, 607–613Bubble size, 1445–1447, 1449Buffer requirements, 1386, 1393Bulk density, 1165, 1167Busbar design, 671–675, 677, 697Busbar repairs, 732Butt cleaning, 1213, 1216, 1219

CCalcification-carbonation method, 83, 84, 87Calcification-carbonization, 61–64, 66Calcination, 3, 5–7, 1151, 1153, 1156Calcined petroleum coke, 1165Calcium aluminate, 62Calcium aluminate slag, 37, 38, 41Calcium hydroaluminosulfate, 137, 139, 147–149, 151, 152, 154, 156Calcium silicate, 543–549Calcium sulphoaluminate, 121–123, 125Carbochlorination, 642–647Carbon, 1275, 1276, 1278, 1280, 1307–1309, 1311, 1312, 1391, 1393Carbon anodes, 1203, 1204Carbonate, 89–91Carbonation, 53–58Carbon build-up, 1265–1274Carbon cathode, 561–563, 565, 568, 570Carbon dioxide, 54Carbon footprint, 229Cast-extrusion, 240Casthouse, 1045, 1047, 1048, 1050Casting, 439, 440, 843–846, 867–869, 871–873Casting alloys, 206–211Cast iron, 1307–1312, 1341, 1342Cathode, 705–709, 711, 1275, 1276, 1279, 1280, 1307–1309, 1312Cathode erosion, 561–563, 565, 566, 568Cathode slot, 705–709, 711Cathode voltage drop, 705, 706, 708, 709, 711Cathodic overvoltage, 633, 636–638Causticizing, 89, 90Cavitation, 213–218, 989, 990, 992, 993, 1437–1442Cell design, 671, 673, 677Cell voltage, 607, 608Centralised data, 615, 619, 621Centrifugal casting, 1131, 1132, 1135Cerium, 205–207, 210, 211

Certified reference materials (CRMs), 293CET, 997, 998, 1000CFB, 3–7Channel die, 439–442Characterization, 1397, 1398Chemical composition, 279Chemical reactions, 1281Chemistry, 599, 600, 605Chips, 925Chlor-Alkali industry, 104–106Chloride, 650, 652–657Clad strip, 843, 844, 846, 849Clusters of cells, 590Coalescence, 1115–1118, 1120Coal fly ash, 116Cognitive computing, 259, 260, 262, 263Coke, 1221–1224, 1226, 1227, 1247, 1249–1253Coke bulk density, 1193, 1194, 1197, 1200, 1201Cold rolling, 410–412, 414, 415, 833–835, 838–842Colorimetry, 1249, 1252Combustion air, 740, 744Composition-properties, 260, 262, 263Comprehensive utilization, 47–49, 51Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), 783, 785, 790, 1045, 1047,

1048, 1050, 1051Conductivity, 1357, 1358, 1360–1363Cone crusher, 1213, 1216, 1219Consolidation, 464, 468Contact resistance, 705–708, 1341, 1342, 1346, 1347Conveying, 501, 503, 505Cooling, 867–869, 871, 876Cooling curve, 1027–1029, 1031Cooling rate, 803, 804, 806, 808, 885–887, 889, 890, 892–894,

1027–1029, 1031, 1032Copper collector bars, 697, 703Corrective actions, 599–601Corrosion, 455, 456, 459, 460, 1341, 1342, 1347Corrosion rate, 1363Coupled growth, 1035–1040Covalent bonding, 197, 200, 201, 203, 271Crack propagation, 1275, 1278, 1279Creep, 551–558Crucible, 1053–1058Cryolite, 649, 650, 656Crystallization process, 95, 98Crystal plasticity, 409–411, 415Crystal structure, 198, 199Cu, 1027, 1028, 1031, 1033Current distribution, 510, 526, 531, 672–674, 676, 679, 680, 689, 727,

734, 771, 1307, 1341, 1345, 1346, 1365, 1366, 1369–1372Current efficiency (CE), 623, 625, 626, 628, 629, 633, 634, 636–638CVD, 1307–1310, 1312Cyclic deformation, 447, 448, 450Cyclone, 1419–1423, 1426, 1427

D3D imaging, 290, 292D18+ technology, 751, 756Data patterns, 589Data presentation, 615, 616, 621DC casting, 941, 942, 948, 971, 973, 976, 977, 987, 997, 998, 1005,

1011, 1098De-coating, 1115–1119, 1121Decomposition of carbonate, 116

1488 Subject Index

Defects, 371, 374–376Deformation, 302–304Degassing, 1397, 1437–1442, 1475–1480Degradation, 1307–1310, 1312Degradation mechanism, 1288Design-by-analysis, 1079, 1087Desulfurization, 1173Dewatering additives, 89Diasporic red mud, 83, 84, 87Digital image correlation, 1275, 1276, 1280Diluted combustion, 900, 901, 905Direct chill casting, 949Disposal, 47–49, 51Dross formation, 1105, 1107–1110, 1112, 1457, 1459, 1464Dry scrubbing, 487, 491Ductility, 159, 205, 228, 229, 232, 233, 243, 274, 305, 315, 339, 385,

399, 400, 433, 445, 450, 451, 463, 464, 466, 467, 843, 846, 848,861, 878, 881, 885, 886, 997, 1047, 1139, 1140, 1144, 1146,1276, 1357, 1439

DX+ Ultra cells, 769–772, 774

EEBSD, 439, 442–444Efficiency, 519–521Elastic modulus, 190–193Electrical insulation, 715Electrode, 198, 284, 456, 526, 527, 533–535, 537, 538, 634, 641, 646,

647, 659–663, 665, 666, 687–689, 740, 743, 1175, 1203–1205,1207, 1209, 1211, 1224, 1239, 1240, 1275, 1325, 1335

Electrolysis, 649, 650, 653–657Electrolyte stability, 650, 652Electromagnetic stirring, 1022Emission reduction, 903Emissions, 519–522Empirical formula, 487, 489, 491, 492EN-AW 6082, 343–345, 370Energy efficiency, 917, 919, 920, 1325, 1326, 1330Energy reduction, 905Energy saving, 708, 709Environment, 519, 522Equilibrium molar ratio, 25–28Erosion, 1307–1309, 1312Estimation, 137, 138Ethanol, 455, 456, 459, 460Experiment, 137, 139, 141–143Explosion, 1045–1047, 1051, 1089–1091, 1093Extrusion, 167–169, 171, 371–373, 376, 377

FFatigue, 439, 440, 442, 445, 844, 846, 848–850, 1080, 1086, 1087Fatigue life, 448–451FCC, 410, 415Fe and Sr content, 246–248FEM simulation, 955Filtration, 109–113, 1397, 1399, 1400, 1414–1416, 1419, 1421–1425,

1427, 1429–1431Finite element, 372Finite element analyses, 734Firing control system, 1256Fives solios, 1354Floatation, 1429, 1430, 1432, 1433

Floating grains, 969–971Flocculation, 89–91Flotation, 473, 477, 478Flow detection, 1255, 1257, 1264Flow stress, 400–403, 405, 407Fluidized bed, 104, 105Fluxing, 1412, 1413, 1416Forging, 439Fouling, 783–787, 789, 790Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 278Fracture morphology, 448, 451Fragmentation mechanism, 217, 218Friction, 839Functionally Graded Material (FGM), 877, 880–882Fuzzy C-Means, 590

GGas baking, 739, 740, 742–746Gas bubbles, 1203, 1206Gas fluxing, 1445Gas injection, 1403, 1405, 1407, 1408, 1460Gas treatment, 479Gas treatment center (GTC), 495–500Generalized invariants, 393GHG, 519, 520, 522Gibbs free energy, 137, 138, 140, 141Grain growth, 432Grain refinement, 221, 222, 224, 225, 307, 1005–1008, 1011Grain refiner, 997–999, 1002, 1021, 1024Grain refining, 803, 809Grain size, 997, 998, 1000Guard bands, 280–283, 287

HHall cell, 650, 652, 656, 657Hall-Héroult electrolysis cell, 679Hall-Héroult process, 1315HDC casting, 956, 959, 965Heat exchanger (HEX), 495, 497, 499Heat loss, 941, 943, 944, 946–948Heat recovery, 783–785, 789, 790Heat transfer, 659–661, 663–665, 667, 868, 871–873, 1080, 1082Heat treatment, 336–341, 379, 386, 420, 423, 424High magnesium aluminum alloy, 821, 822High pressure die casting, 861, 862, 865High productivity—low energy reduction cells, 774High shear processing (HSP), 1123, 1129High softening point, 1157High-sulfur bauxite, 121High temperature mechanical testing, 399High temperature tensile, 420, 424High white aluminum hydroxide, 116, 117Homogenization, 315–317, 319, 320, 323, 326Hot spent anode, 776Hot-tearing susceptibility, 989, 990Hybrid, 855, 857Hybrid composites, 187, 188, 190, 191Hydrogarnet, 83–85, 87Hydrogen, 1438, 1439, 1441Hydrogen fluoride (HF), 480–485, 487, 775–777, 780Hydrolysis, 650, 653–657

Subject Index 1489

IImage analysis, 1249, 1250, 1252, 1253Impact extrusion, 433–435Impurities, 1248, 1249, 1251, 1252, 1254INALUM, 1213, 1219Inclusion removal, 1398Inclusions, 1429–1433, 1475–1477Individual anode monitoring, 509Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, 295, 296Inert anode, 1357, 1361, 1363Infrared pyrometer, 1232, 1234, 1235Ingot, 941, 942Injection, 1398–1400In situ high speed filming, 213Inspection, 1299, 1300, 1305Instability, 623–625, 628, 629Insulation, 551, 552, 557Interface instability, 688Intergranular corrosion (IGC), 343, 344, 346, 370Intermetallic, 205, 206, 863, 865, 1139, 1141Intermetallic formation, 1098Intermetallic phase selection, 308, 310Isothermal growth, 1035–1038

JJoining method, 855Jominy end quench, 327, 328, 331, 332

KKinetics, 37, 38, 41–43K-Means, 590, 592, 593, 595, 596

LLarge Eddy Simulation, 679, 680, 682, 685Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM), 302–304Laser, 289–292, 1069, 1072, 1073, 1075–1077Launder, 941–943, 945–948Leaching, 37–43Lime-sintering process, 31, 122Lining, 551, 552, 556–558Liquid metal batteries (LMB), 687Liquid metals, 1403Live conversion of a potline, 751Lorentz forces, 1429, 1433Low cell voltage PFC, 526Low cycle fatigue, 449, 451

MMachining, 302, 303Macrosegregation, 969, 971, 973, 974, 977–979, 981–984, 986, 987Magnesium, 1397–1400Magnetic separation, 76–78, 81Magnetite, 68, 69, 73Magnetohydrodynamic, 679Magnets, 911Maintenance, 716, 718, 721Marking, 289–292Material distribution system, 501Material quality, 617, 724, 1247, 1248, 1381

Materials purification, 1123Materials recycling, 1123Mathematical modeling, 579, 580Mechanical properties, 221, 224, 225, 236, 238, 240, 336, 337, 464,

466, 467Mechanochemical activation, 17–22Melting efficiency, 925, 927, 928Metal cleanliness, 1411–1413, 1415, 1416Metal treatment, 950, 1018, 1411, 1414Methane, 1333, 1334, 1336, 1338, 1339MHD, 671–673, 675–677MHD cell stability, 671, 675, 676MHD mixing, 692Microbubbles, 1403, 1404, 1409Microstructural evolution, 315Microstructure, 167–170, 173, 176–178, 180, 237–241, 265, 336, 337,

339, 341, 379, 380, 382, 464, 465, 468, 888, 889, 891, 894,981–983, 987, 989–991, 993, 997, 998, 1000, 1002, 1013–1018,1131, 1132, 1134, 1136

Microwave chlorination, 106MMC, 181Modal analysis, 1289, 1294, 1297Modelling, 259–262, 1326, 1445, 1449Module, 33, 488, 495, 496, 527, 599–601, 605, 616, 724, 759, 775,

922, 1067, 1110, 1124, 1188, 1205, 1255, 1258, 1260, 1263,1350, 1353

Moler, 543–549Molten metal, 1089, 1091, 1093Molybdenum, 306Multi-component, 379, 382, 855Multivariate analysis, 628

NNanocermet, 1357, 1358, 1360, 1363Nanoindentation, 188, 190, 191NDT, 1290, 1297New Potline Baking, 739Nitrogen, 1475, 1477, 1478, 1480Non-AE PFCNon-dendritic, 1013, 1015, 1016Non-traditional aluminum, 104Nuclei, 998, 1000Numerical calculation

OOpen top baking furnace, 1273Operational performanceOptical microscopy, 1223Optimization, 25, 26Ore dressing, 17–20, 22Overpressure, 1045–1051Oxidation, 1465, 1466, 1470, 1472, 1473Oxide film, 275Oxide skin strength, 1451–1454Oxyfuel, 899–901, 904, 905, 907

PPartial anode effect, 531Particle size distribution, 479, 480, 484PCA, 1289, 1290, 1294–1297

1490 Subject Index

Peak aging, 328, 330, 332Pedersen process, 127, 129, 130Perflurocarbons (PFCs), 525, 526, 529, 531Performance, 1349–1351, 1354, 1355Peritectic reaction, 1035, 1036, 1038Petroleum coke, 1151, 1156, 1173PFC co-evolution, 533, 534, 538, 539PFC emissions, 510, 511, 516Phase composition, 992Phase transition, 424Pig iron, 127, 129, 130, 133, 135Pilling-Bedworth ratio, 1451, 1453Pilot anode testing, 1157, 1159, 1193Piston, 877, 879–882Pitch, 1247–1253Plant start-up, 1290Pneumatic conveying, 501, 505Pore size distribution, 479–482, 484, 485Porosity, 861–865Porosity formation, 243, 244, 248, 253Porous anodes, 1333–1335, 1337Porous structure, 93, 98Pot feeding system, 650, 762Potholes formation, 562, 565, 566, 568Potline interface, 760, 761, 766Potline modernization, 749–751Potroom emissions, 775, 779, 780Potroom operations, 715Pot tending machines, 715–718Powder metallurgy (PM), 464, 468Power efficiency, 695, 696Power outage, 723–727, 729Precipitation, 327, 328, 330–332, 1143Prediction, 628Pressing, 464, 465, 467, 468Pressurized ladles, 1079–1081, 1087Preventive anode effect treatment, 513Primary aluminum, 487Primary crystals, 213–215, 218Process combination, 856Process control, 599, 600, 602, 615–618Processing, 302Processing properties, 9, 11–13, 15Process monitoring, 1347Production planning, 1388, 1392Product quality, 4, 6, 8Pseudoboehmite (PB), 109–113Pyrolysis, 1221–1223, 1227Pyrolysis gases, 1457, 1464Pyrolytic carbon, 1265, 1266, 1268–1270, 1272–1274

QQ phase, 31–35Quality, 11, 13, 15, 1349–1351Quenching rate, 327, 328, 330–332

RRadio frequency identification (RFID), 1061, 1062, 1064, 1066, 1067Ratcheting, 1080, 1084–1087Reactions mechanisms, 659, 660, 665Recovery, 583, 585, 586, 723, 729Recovery of aluminum, 62Recrystallization, 439, 443, 445Recycling, 227, 229, 571–573, 576–580, 1097

Red-mud, 67, 68, 73Reduction, 67–69, 73, 129, 131–135Reductive distillation, 644, 645Refiner, 1027–1029, 1031, 1033Refractory lining, 1281, 1282Reliability, 1349, 1350, 1353Re-processing, 571, 577Resistivity, 1247, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1254Response Surface Methodology (RSM), 25, 26, 28, 147, 149, 156Rheocasting, 229Riser, 731, 732, 737, 867, 868, 871, 872Rod, 343, 344, 346Rolling, 167–169, 171Roll roughness, 833, 835, 839, 841Roll topography, 830Root cause analysis, 599Round robin (RR), 1193

SSafety, 1069, 1072, 1073, 1076Safety monitoring, 716, 718, 719, 721Sawn slots, 1325Scaling, 783, 788, 790, 791Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 265–267, 270, 1140Secondary aluminum, 925, 926Secondary startup, 739, 744Seebeck coefficient, 197, 198, 200Segregation, 811–816, 818Semisolid, 227–230, 233, 1013–1018Sequential casting, 878–8828000 series aluminum alloy, 274, 275, 277Settling, 1412, 1413, 1415, 1416, 1429, 1430, 1432, 1433Shaft Calcining, 1174Sheet ingot, 949, 950Si, 1027, 1028, 1031, 1033Simulator, 607, 608, 610–613Single Crystal, 394, 395, 397Sintering temperature, 1357, 1358, 1363Slag, 128–135Slots, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1319, 1322Slotted anode, 607, 1327Smelter Supervision, 759Smelting, 129, 131, 133–135Smelting anodes, 660, 664, 666Sodium, 633–638Sodium vapour, 544, 545, 547, 549Solidification, 160–162, 164, 306, 308Solidification microstructure, 306Solidification rate, 243–248Sound analysis, 1249, 1251Sow casting, 1053–1055, 1059Spark atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES), 280, 282, 283, 285,

286, 295, 296Spent pot lining, 571–574, 576, 577, 579–586Spray pyrolysis, 93–95, 98Spreading, 473, 474, 478Sr level, 887, 890–893Stacking, 47, 48, 51STC, 1341, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1347Steel, 1397Sticking, 827, 829–831Stirring, 909, 910, 912–914, 1005–1008Stratified fluids, 679, 680Stress intensity factor, 1275, 1276, 1279, 1280Strip casting, 809

Subject Index 1491

Structural integrity, 1079, 1081, 1082, 1087Structural parameters, 455Stub to carbon, 1341, 1342, 1347Submerged melting, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111Sulfur, 1151, 1153, 1156, 1173, 1176, 1179Sulfur dioxide, 487Sulfuric acid leaching, 76–78, 80Sustainability, 919, 920Synthesis rate, 149Systematic issues, 615, 616, 618, 619, 621Systems integration, 759, 762

TTechnology package, 793Temperature, 599, 600, 602, 605Texture, 1221, 1222, 1224, 1226, 1227Texture stability, 410, 412, 415Thermal analysis, 886, 890, 892–894Thermal analysis parameters, 1027–1031, 1033Thermal insulating materials, 547, 549Thermal management, 953Thermal pre-treatment, 1105–1109, 1111, 1112Thermodynamic analysis, 32, 33, 35Thermodynamic calculation, 160Thermodynamic modelling, 1139Thermodynamics, 137–141Thermo-electrical model, 1315Thermomechanical processing, 433, 437Thin strip, 828TiB2, 181–185TiB2 particle, 1021, 1022, 1024Titanium, 75–81Tof-SIMS, 265–267, 269–271Traceability, 1069, 1077Tramp elements, 1097, 1101Transition element, 420Trough, 941–943, 945–948Turbulence model, 679, 680, 682, 684, 685Turbulent jet, 973, 977, 979, 1005, 1008, 1011Twin-roll, 843, 844, 846, 850Twin roll casting (TRC), 173–175, 274, 803, 811–813, 818, 821, 822,

827–831, 833, 1021

UUK foundries, 917, 919, 922Ultra-High Frequency (UHF), 1062, 1064, 1068Ultrasonic melt treatment, 379, 382Ultrasonic processing, 214, 216, 218, 998Ultrasonic treatment (UST), 1014–1018Ultrasonic vibration, 989, 990, 993Ultrasound, 1437, 1438Uncertainty, 281–287Used beverage can scrap (UBC), 1105–1109, 1111, 1112

VVermiculite, 543–549Vibration, 1289, 1290, 1292–1297Vibro-compactor, 1248, 1249, 1251, 1252, 1349–1351, 1354, 1355Vickers hardness, 188, 190

WWaste management, 586Work roll surface, 835Wrought alloys, 259–261, 263

XX-ray CT, 862, 863, 865X-ray diffraction, 189

YYield Criterion, 393, 396Young’s modulus, 167, 169–171, 335, 336, 338, 341

ZZealand Aluminium Smelters Limited (NZAS), 909, 912–914Zeolite, 115–117, 119Zmag, 909, 911, 915

1492 Subject Index