““WELCOME”WELCOME”Basic Basic

Generator Generator

PresentationPresentation

Course Objectives:

• Basic Generator• Generator Types • Generator excitation• Wayang Windu Generator• Generator Operation & maintenance

Agenda

Upon completion of this class the attendance will hopefully be able to understand and explain:• How the electric is generated• The unit generator works principle

• Wayang Windu generator

Basic Generator

Basic Generator

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•

ReferenceReference–– DOE Manual,DOE Manual,–– Volume # 3Volume # 3/41–– Module #10, “AC Generation”Module #10, “AC Generation”

- And NUS Training Corporation Hand Book

Electron and Electricity

1. Atom has three types particles:

-Proton (Positively Charged)

-Electron (negatively charged)

-Neutron (has no charge)

2. Electric Current is the movement or flow of the electron. Electric current can only flow as long as there is a voltage (potential difference between the positive and negative charges).

3. One of the methods to produce voltage is by “magnetism” or magnetic induction that is going to happen in “GENERATOR”.

Basic Generator

Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature

–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field

–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes

•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a

rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a

field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature

Parts of a Typical AtomParts of a Typical Atom

P

N

N

P

E

E

NUCLEUS ELECTRON

NEUTRON

PROTON

Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature

–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field

–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes

•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a

rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a

field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature

Revolving ArmatureRevolving Armature(Low Power/Voltage)(Low Power/Voltage)

http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/otherpub/wfendt/generatorengl.htm

Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature

–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field

–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes

•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a

rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a

field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature

Revolving FieldRevolving Field

http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/otherpub/wfendt/generatorengl.htm

Basic GeneratorAC GeneratorAC Generator

Basic Generator

Generator principle Generator principleThere are three requirement to generate electric :1. Magnetic field2. Conductor3. Relative motion between them

Basic generator

Induction of VoltageInduction of Voltage(Faraday)(Faraday)

•• RequiresRequires–– Magnetic fieldMagnetic field–– ConductorConductor–– Relative motionRelative motion

•• Conductor cuts lines of magnetic flux, aConductor cuts lines of magnetic flux, avoltage is induced in the conductorvoltage is induced in the conductor

•• Direction/Speed importantDirection/Speed important

ElectromagneticElectromagneticInductionInduction

MAGNET

RELATIVE MOTION

COIL (CONDUCTOR)

VOLTMETER

INDUCED CURRENT

INDUCED CURRENT

Direction of Induced Direction of Induced emfemf

B

MOTION OFCONDUCTOR

INDUCEDEMF

N S

“LEFT HANDGENERATOR RULE”(electron flow)

Wayang Windu Compressor

ACACGeneratorGenerator

Wayang Windu CompressorGenerator PartsGenerator Parts

•• Prime moverPrime mover: mechanical work which turns the rotor, may: mechanical work which turns the rotor, maybe a steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel engine...be a steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel engine...

•• Armature windingsArmature windings: the conductor in which the output: the conductor in which the outputvoltage is inducedvoltage is induced

•• FieldField windings windings: the conductors used to produce the: the conductors used to produce theelectromagnetic electromagnetic fieldfield (needs a DC power supply) (needs a DC power supply)

•• StatStatoror: : statstationary housing of the generatorionary housing of the generator•• RotRotoror: : rotrotates inside the stator, moved by a prime moverates inside the stator, moved by a prime mover

(steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel…)(steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel…)•• Sliding contacts (slip-rings and brushes)Sliding contacts (slip-rings and brushes): used to conduct: used to conduct

the field or armature current to and from the rotorthe field or armature current to and from the rotor

Wayang Windu Generator

BrushLess ExciterBrushLess Exciter

B r u s h L e s s E x c i t e rB r u s h L e s s E x c i t e r

+

A C O u t p u t

Exciter

Compressor HazardPermanent MagnetPermanent MagnetGenerator (PMG)Generator (PMG)

Thank you

For your attention

Direction of Induced Direction of Induced emfemf

B

MOTION OFCONDUCTOR

INDUCEDEMF

N S

“LEFT HANDGENERATOR RULE”(electron flow)

Generator Arrangement

PMGExcGen

AVR

DC

AC

AC 1O

AC 3O

DC

Rpm = ----------120 . freq

Pole

52G

Gen.Trans

VT

Stator

CT

Diode

DiodeTurbine Shaft

Thank you

For your attention

Generator RelationshipsGenerator Relationships

•• Speed = Frequency = LoadSpeed = Frequency = Load

•• Excitation = Terminal Voltage = Power FactorExcitation = Terminal Voltage = Power Factor

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