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High-SpeedRail

Electrifica3on&DowntownMegaprojects

Conven3onalRoutes

Long-DistanceSegments

$0 $150 $300 $450 $600

$4.47

$69.67

$120.48

$512.70

DollarsinBillions

• The collective costs of this vision may appear staggering. However, these funding levels are pay-back for more than a half-century of disinvestment in the nation’s passenger rail network, and would be still off-pace of leading Asian & European nations.

• At the same time, this is not an all-out crayon exercise. There’s dozens of high-speed and a hundred or so other conventional routes that would fully-realize a world-class network. Therefore, there’s a bit of practicality in this vision, but we won’t argue it is realistic or likely.

• The first version of this vision does not include ridership estimates or economic benefit multipliers. Our goal is to include this in the next iteration of this document. Because, too often we focus on fully-allocated costs of mobility investments but not the fully-allocated benefits. The trouble is those numbers are more abstract and difficult to calculate in advance. • Our vision generally does not include new local rail transit projects, such as heavy rail/metro, light-rail, streetcars and peak travel-focused commuter rail, and assumes the current federal New Starts funding program (and other programs included as part of Capital Investment Grants) continue and increase in investment levels to augment and leverage the high-speed, intercity and regional routes prioritized here.

• Cost per mile rates were determined using published costs of recent service expansion and improvement projects, both in North America and global examples.

• Funding is assumed for capital projects at 80% federal and 20% state, local or other matching funds, while operations are assumed at 50% federal and 50% state/local/other match.

• Estimates included in this vision are generally liberal, with the expectation that elected officials and other policy-makers should leverage political will, global capital cost standards, project management techniques and economies of scale in procurement to make optimal use of public investment.

• Implementation would occur on a phased or rolling approach, with full build-out and initiation of service likely requiring 30-40 years. This vision does not identify projects according to those phases.

• This document attempts to calculate miles of new or improved rail lines only once. However, given this vision is aspirational and not technical, some unintended redundancies may exist.

• The routes and services recommended here do not, generally, factor in massive shifts in population locations and travel habits related to climate change, although the position of RAIL Magazine is that climate change is real, is the result of human activity and may result in tremendous impacts to society. We simply do not have the expertise to make such projections.

• RAIL Magazine’s continuing work is largely a labor of love and is personal commentary, and suggestions and feedback are welcome and appreciated, although we’ll maintain our editorial positions and viewpoints with the encouragement to others to draft their own vision statements. This document does not necessarily reflect the positions of the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) or the South West Transit Association (SWTA).

Route/System MilesCost

(billions)

Cost Per Mile (in millions

of $)Notes

Trainsets Needed (1 per

every 16 miles)

Northeast Corridor 470 $75.2 160 Full NEC 2nd corridor; includes Gateway tunnel

29

California 629 $56.6 90 Minus Madera-Bakersfield IOS

39

Chicago-St Louis-Kansas City 585 $46.8 80 Minus Joliet-Decatur 110 mph segment

37

Chicago-Toledo/Detroit-Toronto/Cleveland-Pittsurgh-Harrisburg-Baltimore

1130 $90.4 80 Full new HSR corridor 71

Chicago-Milwaukee-Madison-Rochester-Twin Cities 433 $34.6 80

Upgraded route CHI-MKE; new infra. elsewhere 27

Texas Triangle / OKC/Monterrey 925 $64.8 70

Assumes Texas Central self-financed Dallas-Houston starter line

58

Charlotte-Atlanta 245 $20.0 80 Continues to DC-Charlotte corridor

15

Cascadia: Vancouver- Seattle-Portland

315 $28.3 90 Full new HSR corridor 20

(New York)-Boston-Albany-Montreal/Toronto 725 $65.3 90

New HSR north of Albany & west of Worcester 45

Brightline: Orlando-Tampa/Cocoa-Jacksonville

235 $16.5 70 Assumes I-4 highway median @ no cost

15

Total Infrastructure: 5692 $498.5 N/AAverage Infrastructure: 569 $49.9 89

Rolling Stock Cost (in billions)

[$40 million per trainset]$14.2

Annul Operating & Maintenance Cost (in millions) [$6,500 per mile]

Total Trainsets Needed 356

$36,998,000

Total Cost – Infrastructure & Rolling Stock: $512.7 billion

10 HIGH SPEED RAIL SYSTEMS

• Assumes continuation and completion of California High-Speed Rail’s Madera-Bakersfield Initial Operating Segment, Brightline’s West Palm Beach – Orlando Intnational Airport segment, Texas Central Railway’s Dallas – Houston line and Brightline’s Las Vegas – Southern California route.• Most international high-speed routes cover or are profitable based on operating revenues. Annual O&M cost is shown as a reference.• Some segments will be constructed to include local tracks and stations to serve regional trips.

Rolling Stock Price: Rolling Stock Cost Total Miles: 14384Total Infrastructure

Cost: Totail Trainsets

Locomotive-hauled trainsets – routes of greater than 250 miles (at $20 million per 5 cars & 1 locomotive x 2 trains:250 miles; no less than 2 trains per route): 70

$1.4 billion 488

Diesel Multiple Units (at $10.5 million per unit x 3 trans:100 miles; fleet no less than 4 per route): 80

$864 million 3009.4

Diesel-Electric Multiple Units: (at $12.5 million per unit x 3 trans:100 miles; fleet no less than 4 per route) 10

$125 million $2,440,000,000

Locomotive-hauled trainsets – routes of greater than 250 miles (at $20 million per 5 cars & 1 locomotive x 2 trains:250 miles; no less than 2 trains per route): 78

$1.56 billion Service Level Cost Per Mile

Diesel Multiple Units (at $10.5 million per unit x 3 trans:100 miles; fleet no less than 4 per route): 56

$588 millionNon-Electrified, In-Service; 4 or < TPD $450,000/mile

Electric Multiple Unit trainsets (at $2.3 million per car x 6 cars per set [$13.8m/trainset] x 5 trains:100 miles; fleet no less than 5 per route): 131

$1.81 billionNon-Electrified, In-Service; 4-12 TPD

$5.3 million/mile

Electric Multiple Unit trainsets (at $2.3 million per car x 4 cars per set [$9.2m/trainset] x 5 trains:100 miles; fleet no less than 5 per route): 95

$874 million Electrified, In-Service; 12 or < TPD

$13 million/mile

Total Rolling Stock Cost $7.221 billion New Build, Electrified: 2 or < TPH

$35 million/mile

Total Infrastructure & Rolling Stock Cost: $69.665 billion

Average Cost Per Mile: $4,150,146 Average Miles: 185.4

Total Miles Electrified:

$62,444,290,000

Average Annual Operating Cost: $5 million per roundtrip Total Annual Operating Cost

75 NEW CONVENTIONAL INTERCITY & REGIONAL ROUTES

• This collection of routes assumes varrying levels of existing and new infrastructure capacity to achieve differing levels of service, illustrated by the four colors described below, along with differing needs for rolling stock for each route.• While some intercity and regional routes are able to cover their annual operating costs, this vision does not speculate as to which of these routes would be operationally break-even or profitable.

Project Number Route/Service Name Segment State(s) Miles Owner(s) Cost

Miles Electrified

Trainsets Needed

1 Alabama Connector Birmingham-Montgomery-Mobile AL 275 CSX $123,750,000 0 3

2 Arkansas Traveler Little Rock-Memphis AR, TN 133 UP $59,850,000 0 43 Sun Valley Flyer Phoenix-Tucson AZ 120 AzDOT $4,200,000,000 120 74 SamTrans Dumbarton Rail CA 20.5 SamTrans $717,500,000 20.5 12

5 Coachilla Valley Express Los Angeles-Riverside-Palm Springs-Indio

CA 130 UP $58,500,000 0 6

6 Cross-Valley Corrior Tulare-Visalia CA 80 UP $1,040,000,000 80 57 TVSQVRRA Valley Link CA 12 TVSQVRRA $420,000,000 12 128 RTD B Line Boulder-Westminster CO 33.8 RTD $1,183,000,000 33.8 129 Front Range Cheyenne-Denver-Pueblo CO,WY 210 BNSF/UP; RTD $2,730,000,000 120 11

10 Front Range Pueblo-Albuquerque CO, NM 334 BNSF/NM/CO $150,300,000 334 411 Delmarva Service Wilmington-Dover-Salisbury DE, MD 110 Delmarva Central $49,500,000 0 6

12 Emerald Coast Limited Jacksonville-Tallahassee-Pensacola

FL 357 Florida Gulf & Atlantic $160,650,000 0 4

13 Orange Blossom Special Orlando-Eustis/Winter Garden FL 49 Florida Central $637,000,000 49 5

14 Florida West Coast Tampa-Brandon-Ft. Myers-N. Naples

FL 180.5 CSX/Seminole Gulf $81,225,000 0 8

15 Tampa Bay Connector St. Petersburg-Tampa-Sarasota FL 71.4 CSX/Seminole Gulf $928,200,000 71.4 516 Brain Train Atlanta-Athens GA 72 CSX $936,000,000 72 5

17 Peachtree Limited Atlanta-Macon-Savannah GA 282 CSX/NS/Georgia Central

$1,494,600,000 0 12

18 Meridian Speedway Atlanta-Dallas GA, AL, MS, LA, TX

495 NS/KCS $222,750,000 0 4

19 Lowcountry Limited Atlanta-Augusta-Charleston GA, SC 295 CSX $132,750,000 0 4

20 Midwesterner Quad Cities-Iowa City- Des Moines-Omaha

IA, IL, NE 305 IAIS $1,616,500,000 0 5

21 Idahoan Rexburg-Ontario ID, OR 360 UP $1,908,000,000 0 422 Peoria Rocket Chicago-Peoria-Springfield IL 130 UP $58,500,000 0 6

23 Ft Wayne Line Chicago-Ft Wayne-Columbus IL, IN, OH, PA

300 NS/Chicago, Ft Wayne & Eastern/CSX

$1,590,000,000 0 5

24 Floridian Corridor Chicago-Nashville-Chattanooga-Altanta-Jacksonville

IL,KY,TN, GA,FL

1100 CSX $495,000,000 0 6

25 Heartland Flyer Kansas City-Newton-Wichita-Oklahoma City

KS,OK 186 BNSF $83,700,000 0 6

26 Thoroughbread Louisville-Frankfort-Lexington KY 80 RJ Corman $1,040,000,000 80 527 The Pelican Shreveport-Baton Rouge LA 225 KCS $101,250,000 0 428 The Pelican Baton Rouge-New Orleans LA 75 KCS $975,000,000 75 5

29 Berkshires Flyer Pittsfield-Danbury-Southeast-New York

MA, CT, NY 98 MassDOT / ConnDOT/ Housatonic RR

$44,100,000 0 6

30 Worcester Rocket Worcester-Providence MA, RI 40 Providence & Worcester (G&W)

$18,000,000 0 5

31 MARC Hagerstown Branch Hagerstown-Brunswick-Washington

MD, DC 27 MDOT $945,000,000 75 6

32 Caribou (Portland)-Brunswick-Bangor ME 107.8 PanAm Railways $571,340,000 0 433 Maine Cities Link Portland-Lewiston/Auburn ME 25 PanAm Railways $325,000,000 25 834 Holland-Rapid Service Grand Rapids-Holland MI 25 CSX $325,000,000 25 835 Pure Michigan Limited Traverse City-Ann Arbor-Detroi MI 241 Great Lakes Central $108,450,000 0 436 Coast-to-Coast Service Detroit-Lansing-Grand Rapids MI 158 CSX $71,100,000 0 437 Northern Lights Express Duluth-Twin Cities MN, WI 152 BNSF $805,600,000 0 8

75 NEW CONVENTIONAL INTERCITY & REGIONAL ROUTES

Project Number Route/Service Name Segment State(s) Miles Owner(s) Cost

Miles Electrified

Trainsets Needed

38 Rock Island Rail Corridor Kansas City-Lee's Summit MO 17.7 RIRCA $619,500,000 17.7 839 Gulf Coast Rebel Jackson-Hattiesburg-Gulfport MS 160 CN/KCS $72,000,000 0 5

40 Big Sky Limited Billings-Bozeman-Helena-Missoula

MT 343 MRL $154,350,000 0 4

41 Tarheel Service Wilmington-(Raleigh-Salisbury)-Asheville-Knoxville

NC, TN 370 NCRR/NS $1,961,000,000 0 5

42 Granite State Concord-Manchester-Nashua-Lowell-(Boston)

NH 52 PanAm/MBTA $676,000,000 52 5

43 Newburyport Line Extension Rochester-Dover-Portsmouth-Newburyport

NH, MA 46 PanAm/MBTA $598,000,000 46 5

44 Lackawanna Cutoff New York-Scranton NJ, PA 85 NJ Transit/PNRRA $1,105,000,000 85 545 Lehigh Valley Line New York-Bethlehem NJ, PA 29.3 NJ Transit/LANTA $380,900,000 29.3 546 White Sands Limited Albuquerque-El Paso NM, TX 266 UP/NMRRX $1,409,800,000 0 547 Empire Service Albany-Niagara Falls-Hamilton NY, ON 370 CSX/NYSDOT/CN $4,810,000,000 370 1848 Rockaway Beach Branch 63 DR-Howard Beach NY 4.8 MTA $168,000,000 4.8 1049 Lackawanna/Susquehenna Syracuse-Binghamton-Scranton NY, PA 130 NYS&W/NS $58,500,000 0 550 Three C Corridor Cleveland-Columbus-Cincinnati OH 260 CSX/NS $3,380,000,000 260 1251 Western Ohio Service Toledo-Lima-Dayton-(Cincinnati) OH 150 CSX $67,500,000 0 852 Akron-Canton Line Cleveland-Akron-Canton OH 63 NS/W&LE $819,000,000 63 553 Tulsa Rocket Tulsa-Oklahoma City OK 110 UP/SLWC/TSU $583,000,000 0 854 Sooner Service Oklahoma City-Norman OK 20 BNSF $260,000,000 20 555 Oregon Electric Corridor Beaverton-Salem-Eugene OR 113 Portland & Western $1,469,000,000 113 656 Lewis & Clark Explorer Portland-Astoria OR 102 Portland & Western $45,900,000 0 457 Bethlehem Line Bethlehem-Philadelphia PA 36.9 SEPTA $1,291,500,000 36.9 1258 Reading Line Philadelphia-Reading PA 62 NS $806,000,000 62 559 Laurel Line Scranton-Wilkes/Barre PA 19 PNRRA $665,000,000 19 12

60 Blue Ridge Mountaineer

Harrisburg-Chambersburg-Hagerstown-Martinsburg-Winchester-Harrisonburg-Staunton

PA, MD, VA 211 NS/VDRPT $1,118,300,000 0 8

61 National LimitedPittsburgh-Columbus-Indianapolis-Terre Haute-St. Louis

PA, OH, IN, MO 602 NS/CSX $270,900,000 0 6

62 Mountaineer Pittsburg-Morgantown-Fairmont PA, WV 97.5 NS/CSX $43,875,000 0 6

63 The Upstater Charleston-Columbia-Greenville/Spartanburg

SC 240 CSX/CPDR $108,000,000 0 6

64 The Volunteer Memphis-Nashville-Chattanooga TN 345 CSX $1,828,500,000 0 765 South Texas Rail Network Brownsville-McAllen-Laredo TX 204 RVSC/new build $2,652,000,000 204 7

66 South Texas Rail Network San Antonio-Corpus Christi-Brownsville

TX 277 UP $3,601,000,000 204 8

67 West Texas Rail Network(Fort Worth-Abilene-Sweetwater)-Midland/Odessa-El Paso TX 412 UP $185,400,000 0 5

68 West Texas Rail Network Fort Worth-Abilene-Sweetwater-Lubbock-Amarillo

TX 437 BNSF/UP $196,650,000 0 5

69 Texas Gulfliner Houston-Galveston TX 51 UP $270,300,000 0 8

70 Trans-Dominion Express Hampton Roads-Richmond-Charlottesville-Roanoke

VA 290 VDRPT/NS $130,500,000 0 4

71 Southeast Regional S Line (Richmond-Raleigh) VA, NC 135 VDRPT/NCDOT $1,755,000,000 135 7

72 Southeast Regional (Washington-Roanoke)-Bristol-Knoxville

VA, TN 280 NS $126,000,000 0 4

73 Pioneer Seattle/Portland-Boise-Salt Lake City

WA, OR, ID, UT

866 UP $389,700,000 0 9

74 The Chippewa Green Bay-Oshkosh-Milwaukee WI 137 CN $726,100,000 0 875 Twin Cities 95 Twin Cities-Eau Claire WI, MN 95 UP $1,235,000,000 95 5

75 NEW CONVENTIONAL INTERCITY & REGIONAL ROUTES

System Line Miles Owner or Controller Line Miles Owner Miles Electrified New Electrification

Amtrak-Hudson Line Empire Service 68 CSX/Amtrak 0 68Amtrak-Inland Route Hartford Line 62 Amtrak 0 62Amtrak-Wolverine Line Wolverine 232 Amtrak/MDOT 0 232System Line Miles Owner or Controller

Line Miles Owner Miles Electrified New Electrification

BART eBART 9.3 BART 0 9.3Capital Metro MetroRail Red Line 32 Capital Metro 0 32ConnDOT Shore Line East 51 Amtrak 51 0DART Cotton Belt/Silver Line 26 DART 0 26DCTA A-train 21 DCTA 0 21FDOT SunRail 61 FDOT 0 61LIRR Central Branch 7 LIRR 0 7LIRR Main Line 96.1 LIRR 45.7 50.4LIRR Montauk Branch 117 LIRR 27.3 89.7LIRR Oyster Bay Branch 14.4 LIRR 1.2 13.2LIRR Port Jefferson Branch 32.6 LIRR 9.9 22.7MBTA Fairmont 8.1 MBTA 0 8.1MBTA Fitchburg 49.6 MBTA 0 49.6MBTA Framingham/Worcester 43 MBTA 0 43MBTA Franklin 30.3 MBTA 0 30.3MBTA Greenbush 27.6 MBTA 0 27.6MBTA Haverhill 33 MBTA 0 33MBTA Kingston/Plymouth 60.3 MBTA 0 60.3MBTA Lowell 25.4 MBTA 0 25.4MBTA Needham 8.7 MBTA 0 8.7MBTA Newburyport/Rockport 53.2 MBTA 0 53.2MBTA Providence 62.9 MBTA 62.9 62.9MBTA Stoughton 4.1 MBTA 0 4.1Metro Waterbury Branch 28.5 ConnDOT 0 28.5Metro North Danbury Branch 23.9 ConnDOT 0 23.9Metro North Harlem 76.7 Metro NorthMetro North Hudson 74 Metro North 32 42Metrolink Antelope Valley Line 76.6 SCRRA 0 76.6Metrolink Orange County 61 SCRRA 0 61Metrolink San Bernardino 56.6 SCRRA 0 56.6Metrolink Ventura County 47 SCRRA 0 47Metrolink Perris Valley 24 SCRRA 0 24NCTD Coaster 51 NCTD 0 51NCTD Sprinter 22 NCTD 0 22NJ Transit Atlantic City 67.9 NJ Transit 0 67.9NJ Transit Bergen County 11.8 NJ Transit 0 11.8NJ Transit Gladstone Branch 22.2 NJ Transit 22.2 22.2NJ Transit Main Line 57 NJ Transit 0 57NJ Transit Montclair-Boonton 49.6 NJ Transit 6.6 43NJ Transit Morristown 28.9 NJ Transit 32.7NJ Transit North Jersey Coast 50 NJ Transit 65.9 50NJ Transit Pascack Valley 23 Metro North/NJ Transit 0 23NJ Transit Raritan Valley 21.9 NJ Transit 0 21.9NJ Transit River LINE 34 NJ Transit 0 34Rio Metro NM Rail Runner 97 NMDOT 0 97RTA Metra MD-N 49.7 RTA 0 49.7RTA Metra MD-W 40 RTA 0 40RTA Metra RI-Suburban Line 6.6 RTA 0 6.6RTA Metra Rock Island District 16.4 RTA 0 16.4SANBAG Arrow 9 SANBAG 0 9SFRTA Tri-Rail 70.9 SFRTA 0 70.9SMART SMART 70 SMART 0 70Trinity Metro TEXRail 27.2 Trinity Metro 0 27.2Trinity Metro/DART Trinity Railway Express 34 Trinity Metro/DART 0 34UTA FrontRunner 88 UTA 0 88

357.4

$18,981,600,000

System Project CostCaltrain / SMART / Amtrak California

Valley to Valley/Transbay 2 $5.5 billion

MBTA North-South Rail Link $5.9 billionMetra CrossRail Chicago $3.9 billion O'Hare to Univ. Park spine with downtown tunnelLIRR / MNRR / NJT Trans-Regional Express (T-REX) $71.438 billion Integrated Tri-State network

MARC / VRE / Amtrak Long Bridge $1.9 billionSEPTA Level Platforms $1 billion

Total Rolling Stock Cost: $6.555 billion

Total New RER Infrastrucutre Total Electrification, Rolling Stock & RER Infrastructure Cost: $115.175 billion

$89.638 billion

New Downtown Boston tunnel merging all lines

New RER Downtown Throat / Enhancement Projects

Golden Gate rail retrofit, Geary subway, 2nd Transbay tube

High-level platforms system-wide

New 2-track, dedicated corridor for passengers from 1st Ave tunnel to AF interlocking

Details

Total New Electrified Miles

Total New Electrification Cost

2372.7

Electric Multiple Unit trainsets (at $2.3 million per car x 6 cars per set

[$13.8m/trainset]: 475Total Current Electrified Miles

ELECTRIFICATION OF ALL PUBLICLY-OWNED RAIL LINES & RER MEGA-PROJECTS

• Electrification systems on existing networks in the New York metropolitan area would be standardized as part of the Trans-Regional Express (T-REX) concept produced by the Regional Plan Association, included in the New Regional Express Rail (RER) project list below.• In order to best leverage this investment in electrification, systems should adopt full principles of RER networks such as frequent, all-day, bi-directional service, Proof of Payment fare structures and limited on-board train crews.•Low-level platorms remain system-wide in Boston, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth and Los Angeles, along with single-route systems. Those in New Jersey, Philadelphia & Baltimore-Washington are standardized as high-platform, with funding for New Jersey Transit stations included in the T-REX concept and MARC & VRE stations added to the Long Bridge project cost.

Mega-Project Details & Cost Estimates:

• Valley to Valley/Transbay 2 (The Greater Marin) – http://www.thegreatermarin.org/blog/2017/7/18/valley-to-valley-linking-smart-and-regional-rail• North-South Rail Link (Alon Levy/Pedestrian Observations) – https://pedestrianobservations.com/2018/06/20/massachusetts-sandbags-the-north-south-rail-link/• North-South Rail Link (Citizens for the North-South Rail Link) – http://www.northsouthraillink.org/• CrossRail Chicago (Midwest High-Speed Rail Association) – https://www.hsrail.org/midwest/crossrail-chicago• Transt-Regional Express (Regional Plan Association) – https://rpa.org/work/reports/trans-regional-express-t-rex• MARC Growth & Investment Plan (MTA Maryland via Action Committee for Transit) – http://actfortransit.org/archives/reports_and_other/MARC2007plan.pdf

System Project CostCaltrain / SMART / Amtrak California

Valley to Valley/Transbay 2 $5.5 billion

MBTA North-South Rail Link $5.9 billion

Metra CrossRail Chicago $3.9 billion

LIRR / MNRR / NJT Trans-Regional Express (T-REX) $71.438 billion

MARC / VRE / Amtrak Long Bridge $7.2 billion

SEPTA Level Platforms $1 billion

Integrated Tri-State network; several new regional rail & light-rail routes; electrification compatability

O'Hare to Univ. Park spine with downtown tunnel, upgrade of Union Station to through-running; improvements to several Metra lines & additional connections

Total New RER Infrastrucutre Total Electrification, Rolling Stock & RER Infrastructure Cost: $120.475 billion

$94.938 billion

New Downtown Boston tunnel merging all lines

New RER Downtown Throat / Enhancement Projects

Golden Gate rail retrofit, Geary subway, 2nd Transbay tube

High-level platforms system-wide (100 stations)

New 2-track, dedicated corridor for passengers from 1st Ave tunnel to AF interlocking; high-level MARC & VRE platforms; MARC Growth & Investment Plan; purchase+electrification of VRE Manassas Line

Details

ELECTRIFICATION OF ALL PUBLICLY-OWNED RAIL LINES & RER MEGA-PROJECTS

Route Segment Miles New TripsCost (Multiplier:

$100k/mile) Trainset TypeNumber of

Trainsets

Atlanta-Birmingham 164 5 $82,000,000 DMU 12Birmingham-New Orleans 354 3 $106,200,000 Locomotive + coach 7

Chicago-Memphis 528 2 $105,600,000 Locomotive + coach 5Memphis-New Orleans 406 3 $121,800,000 Locomotive + coach 7

St. Louis-Little Rock 350 3 $105,000,000 Locomotive + coach 7Little Rock-Dallas 357 3 $107,100,000 Locomotive + coach 7

Chicago-Kansas City 437 2 $87,400,000 Locomotive + coach 5Kansas City-Pueblo 613 1 $61,300,000 Locomotive + coach 3Albuquerque-Flagstaff 359 2 $71,800,000 Locomotive + coach 5Flagstaff-Los Angeles 565 1 $56,500,000 Locomotive + coach 3

El Paso-Tucson 316 3 $94,800,000 Locomotive + coach 7Tucson-Indio 372 2 $74,400,000 Locomotive + coach 5

Chicago-Omaha 500 2 $100,000,000 Locomotive + coach 5Omaha-Denver 538 2 $107,600,000 Locomotive + coach 5Denver-Salt Lake City 570 2 $114,000,000 Locomotive + coach 5Salt Lake City-Reno 594 1 $59,400,000 Locomotive + coach 3Reno-Bay Area 236 3 $70,800,000 DMU 7

Eugene-Klammath Falls 195 2 $39,000,000 DMU 5Klammath Falls-Sacramento 319 3 $95,700,000 Locomotive + coach 7San Jose-San Luis Obispo 203 3 $60,900,000 Locomotive + coach 7

Twin Cities-Fargo 244 3 $73,200,000 DMU 5Fargo-Williston 399 1 $39,900,000 Locomotive + coach 3Williston-Whitefish 542 1 $54,200,000 Locomotive + coach 3Whitefish-Spokane 253 1 $25,300,000 DMU 3Spokane-Seattle 326 3 $97,800,000 Locomotive + coach 7

57 $2,011,700,000 Total Trainsets 138Average Mils Per Segment: 389.6 $35,293,000

Locomotive-hauled trainsets – routes of greater than 250 miles (at $20 million per 5 cars & 1 locomotive x 2 trains:250 miles; no less than 2 trains per route): 106

Diesel Multiple Units (at $10.5 million per unit x 3 trans:100 miles; fleet no less than 4 per route): 32

Crescent

Cost Per New Trip:

City of New Orleans

Texas Eagle

Southwest Chief

Sunset Limited

Coast Starlight

California Zephyr

Empire Builder

Total Infrastructure Cost

Total Cost – Infrastructure & Rolling Stock: $4.468 billion

$2.12 billion

$336 million

$2.456 billion

Annual Operating Cost Per Roundtrip: $5 million

Total Annual Operating Cost: $285 million

57 NEW DAILY ROUNDTRIPS ONLONG-DISTANCE TRAIN ROUTE SEGMENTS