Epilogue

It is never an easy job to compile a concise and accurate reader of history ofChinese culture, as it would involve so many things, but such a work that couldpresent a full picture with a considerable scope of Chinese civilization that boasts along and rich history is certainly called for by our time. I want to express my sincerethanks to Zhao Yingjian, director of the China Social Sciences Press, without whosekind invitation and generous encouragement, I would not have braced myself up forthis project. My thanks are also due my colleagues and students, Yang Lanjie, QinHongling, to name a few, for their help in the early stages of collecting materialsand writing; Mr. Pu Xianqun in the History Institute of the Chinese Academy ofSocial Sciences, and Mr. Bai Yunxiang in the Archaeology Institute of theAcademy who proofread, at the invitation of the China Social Sciences Press, theentire or part of the manuscript, and provided a number of suggestions forimprovement.

This book was sponsored by the Mt. Taishan Scholar program of the ChineseConfucius Research Institute, and it deserves a note of thanks too.

Chunsong GanOctober 2016

© China Social Sciences Press 2019C. Gan, A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture, China Insights,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8867-5

283

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286 References

Index

AAbdication (chan rang), 7, 49–51, 54, 222Acupuncture, 274, 275Agreeing with others without being an echo (he

er bu tong), 169Attainment of heaven and earth (tian di jingjie),

178

BBai, Juyi, 232, 233, 270Bannermen (ba qi), 78, 86, 112, 119Book of Changes, 3, 39, 51, 81, 130, 132, 143,

160, 164, 170, 171, 203Book of Rites, 3, 32–36, 39, 43–45, 66, 79, 81,

90, 94, 99, 112, 136, 141, 149, 217, 219,221, 222, 224

CCensorate and Remonstrance Bureau (tai jian

zhidu), 57Chan Buddhism, 148, 179, 215, 226, 227Chen Yinque, 204, 214Chinese learning as substance and Western

learning for application— Chineselearning for fundamental principles,Western learning for practicalapplication (Zhong ti Xi yong), 154

Ci in the Song, 233Classic of Mountains and Seas, the, 12, 14–19Community of shared future for mankind

(renlei mingyun gongtong ti), 275, 280,281

Concept of all under heaven (tianxia guannian),44

Confucianism, Confucians, 6, 17, 33, 34,40–44, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 65–67,72, 76, 77, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87–91, 97,128, 133, 134, 137–142, 145, 148–150,152, 154, 159–161, 163, 165–170, 172,176, 177, 179–190, 192–194, 200–205,207, 209–215, 218, 219, 221, 223–225,227, 257, 276, 277

Confucius, 3, 6, 19, 41, 46, 50, 52, 53, 58, 71,85, 87–89, 132, 133, 136, 137,140–143, 145, 149, 162, 167, 168, 170,172, 176, 180–185, 187–189, 192, 193,196, 201, 206–208, 214, 218, 219, 221,223, 226, 277

Conveyance between heaven and man (tian renxiang tong), 161, 162

Correlation of heaven and man (tian ren xianglei), 161

County-commandary system (jun xian zhi), 45,47–49, 56, 58, 59, 120

Cultural self-awareness (wenhua zijue), 279,280

Culture of shamans and scribes (wu shi), 158Cyclic movement of the five phases (wu de shi

zhong), 206

DDaode jing, 131, 193, 194, 200, 225Daoism, 13, 131, 134, 137, 145, 148, 149, 159,

165, 166, 168, 169, 176, 179, 180, 192,193, 199–201, 211–213, 215, 223, 227,243

Declaration of Constructing Chinese Cultureon Its Own Stand(Zhongguo wenhuabenwei xuanyan), 277

© China Social Sciences Press 2019C. Gan, A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture, China Insights,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8867-5

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Dong, Zhongshu, 40, 41, 54, 58, 66, 92, 93,130, 133, 139, 140, 161, 173, 174, 187,207, 256

Dream of Red Mansions, a, 238, 242, 243, 245Du, Fu, 231, 232, 249

EEmperor, 2–5, 14–16, 22, 23, 25–30, 47–49,

51–68, 72, 73, 77–82, 85–87, 93, 104,105, 107–111, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124,133, 139–141, 186, 187, 199, 200, 204,205, 207, 218, 228, 233, 240, 243, 246,249, 260, 263–266, 268

Equal-fields land allotment system (jun tianzhi), 108, 114, 115, 117

Erlitou, 6–10, 12Erudits of Five Classics (wu jing boshi), 72,

140, 187Eunuchs, 59, 61, 63, 118Evening things out (qi wu), 196, 197

FFei, Xiaotong, 279, 280Feng, Youlan, 159, 166, 178, 181, 210Feudal lords (zhu hou), 22, 36, 39, 42, 45, 47,

51, 55, 56, 73, 80, 103, 135, 190, 201,205, 206, 218–220, 246, 264

Five phases, five elements, five agents (wuxing), 15, 102, 129, 130, 133, 161, 206,207, 219, 241, 256

GGarrison Militia system (fu bing zhi), 106–108,

110Gods and spirits (shen xian), 160, 189Gongsun, Long, 208–210Grand Harmony (datong), 42–44, 170, 280

HHan Feizi, 91, 92, 173, 184, 189, 193, 201–204Huang, Zongxi, 48, 49, 65, 124, 125, 152Hu, Shi, 89, 153, 155, 181, 193, 208

IInitial taxable fields (chu shui mu), 120In-laws group (waiqi), 59Institutionalized Confucianism (zhidu hua

rujia), 84, 186, 188

KKang, Youwei, 43, 79, 85, 141, 153, 154, 168,

169, 180, 248, 276

LLearning of Principle of the Song and Ming

(Song Ming lixue), 149, 150, 162, 165,170, 171, 174, 179, 214

Learning of the mind of Lu Jiuyuan andYangming Wang (Lu Wang xin xue),150, 151, 163, 175

Liang, Shuming, 38, 167, 168, 276Li, Bai, 229–231Lineage of the way (dao tong), 276Literati painting (wenren hua), 246, 252–254Li, Zehou, 158, 224–226

MMandate of heaven (tian ming), 77, 128, 222Matteo Ricci, 215Mencius, 32, 49–52, 58, 70, 104, 112, 113,

119, 137, 149, 151, 161, 163, 165, 173,174, 176, 177, 184–186, 192, 201, 202,206, 207, 226

Mercenary system (mu bing zhi), 106, 108, 109Meridians (jing luo), 273, 275Ministry of War (jun ji chu), 62, 64, 110, 111Mohists, Mohism, 49, 71, 133, 137, 139, 166,

181, 187–192, 194, 201, 209–211, 221,257

Mozi, 136, 189–192, 257

NNew culture movement (xin wenhua yundong),

158, 275, 278New democratic culture (xin minzhu zhuyi),

278New enlightenment movement (xin qimeng

yundong), 277New tax quota system, a (tan ding ru mu), 123Not resorting to litigation (wu song), 89

OOffspring of Emperor Yan and the Yellow

Emperor (Yan Huang zi sun), 2, 3

PPatriarchal clan system (zong fa), 31–37,

45–48, 55, 58, 80, 128, 129, 202Poetry in the Tang, 227–229Politics of the kingly way (wang dao

zhengzhi), 65, 137Pragmatic reason (shiyong lixing), 158Principle of heaven, heavenly principle (tian li),

99, 134, 149, 151, 152, 162, 163, 165,175, 224

288 Index

QQian, Sima, 2, 3, 55, 193, 196, 205, 207, 265

RReason in practice (shijian lixing), 158Rectify names (zheng ming), 203, 208Reform by Shang Yang, 58Religious Daoism, 167, 199, 200Rites and music (li yue), 41, 46, 81, 88, 128,

129, 132, 135–137, 173, 180, 182, 186,189, 193, 217–221, 223–225, 257

Rites collapsed and music was in ruins, the (libeng yue huai), 47

Ruins of the Yin, 7Rural Reconstruction (xiangcun jianshe), 276

SSage, 1, 42–44, 46, 48, 53, 58, 67, 77, 84, 88,

91, 99, 128, 136, 137, 141, 143, 144,153, 159, 160, 166, 167, 175, 185, 189,191, 194, 195, 197, 199, 201, 225, 226,232

Same diseases, different treatments (tong bingyi zhi), 272

Separation of heaven and man (tian ren xiangfen), 160, 162

Separatist moves of the frontier defensecommands (fanzhen geju), 29

Silk Road, 263, 266–270Single-whip system (yitiao bian fa), 122State examination, civil service examination

(ke ju), 65, 68, 69, 74–87, 179, 187, 188State farmlands (tuntian), 110, 113, 118, 119Study of the classics (jing xue), 81, 133, 134,

139–143, 149Study of the Gongyang Commentary on the

Spring and Autumn Annals (Gongyangxue), 140

TTeachings of the Yellow Emperor and Laozi

(Huang Lao dao xue), 66, 80, 133, 187Terminologists, 91, 137, 139, 187, 192,

207–211

Three grades of human nature (xing san pin),173, 174

Three principles of the people (san min zhuyi),276, 277

Tool (dao qi), 171Traditional Chinese medicine, 270–275Tu, Youyou, 270, 271, 275Twice-a-year taxation system (liang shui fa),

121, 122

UUnity of heaven and man (tian ren he yi), 13,

160–162, 223Using the divine way to give instruction (shen

dao she jiao), 167

WWang, Anshi, 75, 83, 122Wang, Yangming, 134, 135, 150–152, 161,

162, 164–166, 175, 245Way models on that which is naturally so, the

(dao fa ziran), 136, 225Well-to-do society (xiao kang), 43, 44

XXunzi, 49, 51–53, 58, 90, 138, 162, 163, 165,

173, 174, 184–186, 204, 208

YYin and yang, 71, 92, 129–131, 133, 144, 160,

171, 181, 193, 199, 205–207, 211, 224,241, 256

Yuan, Shikai, 87, 97

ZZhang, Shenfu, 277Zhang, Zhidong, 15, 86, 87, 97–99, 101, 154Zhuangzi, 130, 131, 134, 137, 143, 145, 164,

171, 177, 192, 196–199, 208–210, 225,226, 230

Zhu, Xi, 37, 48, 65, 71, 75, 76, 82, 119, 134,150, 151, 161, 163, 165, 171, 172, 174,175, 214

Zu, yong and diao system, 121, 125

Index 289