467_age 204 lecture notes

7/25/2019 467_age 204 Lecture Notes

1/21


2/21

SAFETY OF PERSONELS IN THE WORKSHOPIS ESSENTIAL TO PREVENT ACCIDENTSFROM OCCURING IN THE WORKSHOP.

MOST CASES OF ACCIDENTS THAT OCCURIN THE WORK ARE DUE TO THE INABILITYOF THE PERSONEL AND VISITORS TO BESAFETY CONCIOUS.

HENCE IT IS PARAMOUNT FOR INDIVIDUALWORKERS TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS WHILEWORKING IN THE WORKSHOP.


3/21

THERE ARE SAFETY MEASURES THATMUST BE PUT IN PLACE BY EMLOYERS

OF LABOUR TO PREVENTS ACCIDENTSFROM OCCURING IN THE WORKSHOP

MANY ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED

FROM UCCURING IF THE WORKSHOPOWNERS WILLPROVIDE SAFE WORKINGCONDITIONS AND AS WELL AS TRAIN

ITS PERSONNEL IN SAFE WORKING

TECHNIQUES. THE DUTY OF THE EMPLOYER IS TO

PROVIDE;


4/21

PROTECTIVE CLOHTING AND ATTIRE

WELL PLANNED WORSHOP LAYOUTWITH ADEQUATE WORKING SPACE

THAT IS NOT CONGESTED WITH GOOD

LIGHTNING AND VENTILATION.

PROPER MACHINE GUARDS FORREVOLVING PARTS

FUNDS TO REPAIR AND MAINTAINANCE

OF ALL MACHINERY TO BE IN GOODWORKING CONDITION.

SAFE TOOL STORAGE AREA


5/21

FIRST AID AND FIRE FIGHTING

EQUIPEMENT

TRAIN PERSONNEL ON:

THE CORRECT WAY TO

PROSECUTE A JOB

THE CORRECT USE OF TOOLS

AND MACHINES

THE CORRECT WAY TO CARE

AND MAINTAIN TOOLS


6/21

OTHER FACILITIES SUCH AS ADEQUATE

EMERGENCY EXITS ,PROVISION OFEXTRACTOR FANS, HOODS, HIGHCEILING DESIGN, EMERGENCY

SHOWERS, CONVENIENCIES SUCH ASLAVATORIES AND FREE SPACE FORPEOPLE TO MOVE AROUND WITHOUT

COMING TO CLOSE MACHINES MUST BE

PROVIDED TO MEET THE MINIMUMREQUIREMENT FOR WORKSHOP

CERTIFICATION.


7/21

THE DUTY OF THE PERSONNEL IS TOMAKE SURE THAT WHENEVERPERFORMING ANY JOB IN THE

WORKSHOP IT MUST BE DONE WITHUTTERMOST CARE NOT HAVE ANY INJURYOR ACCIDENT BY ADHERING TO SAFETYGUIDES. HE OR SHE MUST KEEP THE

WORKSHOP TIDY AND ORGANIZED .AVOID OVER CONFIDENCE ,

THOUGHTLESSNESS, FOOLISHNESS ANDBEING ABSENT MINDED.


8/21

PERSONNEL MAKING USE OF THEWORKSHOP MUST ADHERE TO

FOLLOWING GUIDES:. DO NOT WEAR LOOSE GARMENT

!. MUST WEAR TIGHT FITTING CLOTH

".WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING#S SUCH ASEYE SHIELD, HELMET, NOSE PROTECTOR .

$. AVOID PLAYING IN THE WORKSHOP

%. ALWAYS WALK AND NOT TO RUN IN THE

WORKSHOP

&. REMOVE WRISTWATCHES OR ANYJEWELRIES WHEN IN THE WORKSHOP


9/21

'. WEAR SHOES WITH STRONG TOECAPAND HIGHSOLED

(. REMOVE TIE TO WHILE WORKING INTHE WORKSHOP

). AVOID SPILLAGE OF OIL ON THE

FLOOR OF THE WORKSHOP.*.AVOID POURING OF WATER ON THE

FLOOR OR ANY MACHINERY IN THEWORKSHOP.

.NEVER OPERATE ANY MACHINERY YOUDO NOT KNOW HOW TO USE.

!.DO NOT LEAN ON ANY MACHINERY


10/21

".ALWAYS KNOW THE CONDITION OFANY MACHINE BEFORE OPERATING IT

$.NEVER MANAGE A FAULTYMACHINE%.AVOID ANY ACTION THAT CAN LEAD

TO INJURY E.G. FORGETING THE

JACOBS# CHUCK KEY IN MACHINECHUCK

&.CHECK TERMINALS AND CABLES OFELECTRICAL APPLIANCES FOR ANY

EXPOSED PARTS MUST BE INSULATED.


11/21

MEASURING TOOLS OR GAUGES

THESE ARE TOOLS USED TO MEASURE

DIMENSIONS ON WORKPEICE .+. ENGINEER#S STEEL RULE : THIS MADE OF STEEL ONONE OF THE FLAT FACE GRADUATIONS AREMARKED IN CENTIMETER AND INCHES. USED TOSET OUT DIMENSIONS.

++. FOLDING RULE IS OF ! METERS LONG USED TOMEASURE AND LAYOUT LARGER WORK.

+++. STEEL TAPE ARE OF LONGER LENGTH AND MADE OFFLEXIBLE STEEL CAN BE ABOVE ! METERS INLENGTH.

+. STEEL SQUARE IT IS L-SHAPED OF HARDENED STEEL


12/21

WITH GRADUATIONS MARKS ON THE EDGES FORMEASUREMENT AND TO SET OUT )**ON WORK PIECE.

.UNIVERSAL BEVEL MADE OF STEEL. USED TOMEASURE OUT ANGLES ON JOB. OTHER TOOLS IN THISCATEGORY ARE THE COMBINATION SET, PROTRACTOR,ADJUSTABLE BEVEL

+.CALIPERS ARE NON-PRECISION LINEAR MEASURING

TOOLS FOR TRANSFERING OR COMPARING DIMENSIONFROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER USING THE STEELRULE OR THE VERNIER CALIPERS.

. OUTSIDE CALIPERS FOR CHECKING OR MEASURINGOUTSIDE DIMENSIONS OR PLATE THICKNESS.

/. INSIDE CALIPERS FOR CHECKING OR MEASURINGINTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF HOLE DIAMETERS.

0. HERMAPHRODITE OR ODD LEG CALIPERS USED TOSET OUT PARALLEL LINES TO THE EDGE OF WORKAND FOR LOCATING CENTRE POINTS OFCYLINDRICAL WORK.


13/21

1. OTHER CALIPERS ARE INSIDE AND OUTSIDESPRING CALIPERS AND INSIDE AND OUTSIDE

TRANSFER CALIPERS.

++. PRECISION MEASURING TOOL

. MICROMETERS: THESE ARE PRECISION

MEASURING TOOLS ARE OF VARIOUS TYPES:-OUTSIDE MICROMETERS

- INSIDE MICROMETERS

- SCREW THREAD MICROMETERS

-DEPTH GAUGE MICROMETERS

THE OUTSIDE MICROMETER CAN MEASUREDIMENSION OF !.%$ MICROMETERS 2*.*** IN3.THE ACCURACY OF A MICROMETER IS BASED ONTHE TURNING OF A FINE SCREW THREAD KNOWNAS THE RATCHET. TO USE A MICROMETER, THEOBJECT TO BE


14/21

MEASURED IS PLACED AT THE OPENING BETWEEN THEANVIL AND SPINDLE OF THE MICROMETER

FRAME. WHILE THE THIMBLE, IS ROTATED UNTILTHE OBJECT IS HELD IN PLACE. THE READINGS ISTAKEN ON THE THIMBLE AND BARREL SCALES TODETERMINE THE PRECISE MEASUREMENT.

/. VERNIER CALIPER USED TO MEASURE THE INSIDEAND OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF SHAFTS, THICKNESS

OF PARTS, DEPTH OF HOLES AND SLOTS. IT ISUSED FOR LONGER DIMENSION WHERE YOUCANNOT USE A MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE. THEACCURACY FOR VERNIER CALIPER IS *.**!44.

0. OTHER GAUGES USED IN THE WORKSHOP ARE:

-DEPTH GAUGE-TELESCOPIC GAUGE

- SCREW THREAD MICROMETER

- DEPTH GAUGE MICROMETER

- VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE


15/21

- VERNIER DEPTH GAUGE

- VERNIER GEAR-TOOTH CALIPER

1. SPECILIASED MEASURING TOOLS 2GAUGES3

GAUGES ARE FIXED-DIMENSION INSTRUMENT USEDTO CROSS CHECK PARTICULAR DIMENSION IN WORKPIECE FOR SPECIFIED TOLERANCE. IT REQUIRESMINIMUM TIME AND SKILL WHEN USED 2GUPTA )(3.GAUGES DO NOT HAVE GRADUATIONS AND CANNOT

BE ADJUSTED THEY ARE MADE TO CARRYOUT SPECIFICMEASUREMENT FOR A SOME PARTICULAR JOB WHICHIS TO BE PRODUCED IN LARGE QUANTITIES.

GAUGES CAN BE CLASSIFIED :

-ACCORDING TO TYPES2E.G. STANDARD AND LIMIT

GAUGES3 2GUPTA )(3- ACCORDING TO THEIR PURPOSE AND

- ACCORDING TO THE FORM OF THE TESTEDSURFACE. TYPES2E.G. SNAP , RING AND THREADGAUGES3 2GUPTA )(3


16/21

+. THREAD GAUGE: ARE USED TO CHECK THE PITCHDIAMETER OF SCREW THREADS.

++. SNAP GAUGE: USE TO CHECK EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS.

+++. RING GAUGE: FOR CHECKING DIAMETERS OF SHAFTSOR STUDS

+. PLUG GAUGE: TO TEST ACCURACY OF HOLES

. SLIP GAUGE: ALSO KNOWN AS PRECISION GAUGEBLOCK. ARE USED TO CROSS CHECK THE ACCURACY

OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT SUCH AS MICROMETERS,CALIPERS, SNAP GAUGES , DIAL INDICATORS ETC

+. FEELER GAUGE TO CHECK AND SET CLEARANCEBETWEEN TWO SURFACES. MADE OF MANY THINSTEEL SHEET 2 LEAVES3 . EACH LEAF IS MARKED WITHITS THICKNESS WHICH VARY FROM *.*%44 TO 44.

++. SCREW PITCH GAUGE TO CHECK THE PITCH OFSREWS IT IS SIMILAR TO A FEELER GAUGE EXCEPT THELEAVES ARE NOTCHED AT ONE EDGE ACCORDING TOTHE VARIOUS PITCHES OF SPECIFIC THREADS.


17/21

MARKING OUT TOOLS

MARKING OUT TOOLS ARE TOOLS USED TOMARK OUT LINES, ARCS ,CIRCLES ANDPOINTS ON SURFACE OF SHEET METALS

OF AREAS TO WORK ON. UNDER THISCATEGORY OF TOOLS YOU HAVE THEFOLLOWING:

3 SCRIBER MADE OF HARDENED STEEL. BOTH ENDS

ARE SHARP POINTED. ONE OF THE END IS BENT.USED TO SCRATCH OUT LINES ON METAL SURFACE.

/3 DIVIDER USE TO TRANSFER DIMENSIONS. TO DRAWARCS AND CIRCLES.


18/21

03 TRAMMEL POINTS USE FOR DRAWING LARGERARCS AND CIRCLES.

13 PUNCHES ARE MADE OF TOOL STEEL .PUNCHESARE OF TWO TYPES:

- PRICK PUNCH: THE END HAS TAPERANGLE OF &** FOR MAKING SMALLINDENTATIONS. ESTABLISHING POINTS FORTHE DIVIDER AND TRAMMEL POINTS

-CENTRE PUNCH THE END HAS TAPERANGLE OF )** FOR MAKING BIGINDENTATIONS FOR POINTS TO DRILL.


19/21

CUTTING TOOLS. CHISEL COLD CHISLE ARE USED TO CUT AND

SHEAR METAL .THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES

-FLAT-CAPE

- DIAMOND POINT

- ROUND

!. SNIPS: ARE SIMILAR TO A PAIR OF SCISSORS BUTARE HEAVIER AND USED TO CUT SHEET METALSOF LESS THICKNESS


20/21


21/21

PLIERS ARE USED FOR GRIPPING ORHOLDING SHEET METALS ARE OFVARIOUS TYPES WHICH ARE:

. FLAT NOSE PLIER

!. ROUND NOSE PLIER

". SLIP JOINT PLIER

HACKSAW FOR CUTTING METALS

FILES ARE USED FOR REMOVING SMALLAMOUNT OF MATERIAL FROM METALS .

467_age 204 lecture notes

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