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ENGLISH CATALAN SPANISH

Photon

Basic Conventional DefinitionBasic Aetherometric DefinitionBasic differences between the conventional and aetherometric conceptions of the photon

1. On the nature of photons2. What are electromagnetic, and electric and magnetic waves?3. Are photons massfree particles or massbound particles?

Basic Conventional Definition

hoton is a term introduced by quantum-mechanics into electromagnetic theory to designate a particle of lightquantum of electromagnetic energy. The particulate aspect of the photon was correlated to the expression o

onstant quantized angular momentum (Planck's constant h), and its energy was given by the product of thatonstant of angular momentum with a frequency term. The accepted physical and geometrical representation ohe photon involves a mathematical description of a fiber of light, forming bundles or packets that aretochastically represented by a ray.

Basic Aetherometric Definition

photon is a swing (a particle, a conjunction of waves, and an energy packet) of electromagnetic energy. Itsarticulate aspect relates to its linear momentum (its existence as a particle) and the pressure it exerts upondjacent matter. Its quantization relates to its constant of angular momentum, and its quantized energy forms

wo distinct spectra - blackbody and ionizing. Photons do not travel through space, nor do they have a fibroustructure. Photons are globular, not fascicular, and they are created and destroyed on the spot - ie localroductions. Rays are simply a probabilistic way of approximating the physical reality of the phase or excitatioave that transmits 'across space' the indirect stimulus for the production of light. In the case of blackbodyhotons, a mediating term must always intervene between the phase wave and the production of photons, orght; the mediating term is always a massbound charge.

Basic differences between the conventional and aetherometric conceptions of thehoton

. On the nature of photons

.1. Currently, it is held that solar radiation consists of photons. Implied in this is the notion that photons travhrough space, like fibers of light, with analogy to ballistic models for the projection of material particles - as ihotons were hurled across space.

is the view of aetherometric theory that solar radiation does not consist of photons, but of the massfreelectrical charges that compose the solar electrical field [http://aetherometry.comabs-AS2v2B.html#abstractAS2-17A]. Moreover, it is also the view of aetherometric theory that photons arepunctual' and local productions, that they do not travel through space but rather occupy a globular space whehey are created and extinguished.

n - Encyclopedia Nomadica http://www.encyclopedianomadica.org/English/p

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.2. If photons do not travel through space, what is it that travels through space and is the cause of theansmission of the light stimulus, and ultimately of any local production of photons?

etherometry contends that what travels through space and transmits the light impulse is electrical radiationomposed of massfree charges and their associated longitudinal waves (the true phase waves), notectromagnetic radiation composed of photons and their transverse waves. The wave transmission of allectromagnetic signals depends on the transmission of nonelectromagnetic energy, specifically the transmissif electric massfree charges (the propagation of the field).

.3. There are two types of photons: ionizing and nonionizing (blackbody). Aetherometry recognizes this accepstinction, but suggests that it is a distinction still more profound than accepted physics itself holds, in that th

wo spectra are different as to the very conditions necessary for the production of one or the other type ofhotons. Specifically, Aetherometry claims that nonionizing or blackbody photons are locally generated whene

material particles that act as charge-carriers decelerate. Thus photons mark the trail of deceleration of massboarticles. This punctual generation of photons that marks the trails of decelerating massbound charges, combiith the decay in the kinetic energy of these charges, their release and scattered reabsorption by other adjace

massbound charges (thus causing so called conversion of electromagnetic energy into longer wavelengthadiation), is what accounts for (1) the dispersion of energy through conversion into electromagnetic radiation

and Tesla's persistent claim that his power transmitters were not transmitters of electromagnetic radiation) aor (2) the approximate suitability of the stochastic model for the dispersion of a ray and the scatter of light.

onversely, material particles or massbound charges accelerate when an electrical, magnetic, or electrical-um-magnetic field is applied to them. Aetherometry contends that, in nature, an applied field is composed of

massfree electric radiation, the effect of the radiation of massfree charges being the acquisition of their energyhe massbound charges they encounter (ergo the addition of a kinetic energy term to the energy associated whe rest mass of a material particle), and thus the acceleration of these massbound chargeshttp://aetherometry.com/abs-AS2v2B.html#abstractAS2-16]. In summary, Aetherometry claims that 'radiatif massfree charges is responsible for the acceleration of massbound charges, whereas it is the decelerationhe latter which converts the lost kinetic energy into a local generation of blackbody photons.

. What are electromagnetic, and electric andmagnetic waves?

.1. Currently, it is held that photons constitute electromagnetic radiation having an electric field vector E andansverse magnetic field vector H. Because solar radiation is believed to consist of photons, it is also said to bectrical, since photons have an electrical field.

etherometry argues that photons do indeed possess two transverse 'fields' or, more properly, waves or waveunctions. It acknowledges that the two 'fields' have been assimilated to the concept of transverse electric andmagnetic fields, from Faraday and Maxwell to present-day conceptions. However, it contends that these 'fields

ements derived from defined wave functions, and that these wave functions only belong to charged particles

o photons which, as particles of light, lack electrical charge. In fact, these authors propose that the fundamenelationship is that which de Broglie proposed as being needed to integrate quantum-mechanics withave-mechanics:

= m0 c2 = h

here m0 denotes the inertial mass that one should associate with the photon when considered in its rest frame the electromagnetic frame of reference). Note that for this relationship to hold, the photon must have a vmall but finite inertial or rest mass, as given by m0, and cannot therefore be classified as a massfreearticle. Now, note that the function c2 indicates the square superimposition of two waves having the same vahe question then becomes whether these electromagnetic waves are formed and described by electrical and


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magnetic field vectors. To answer it, we must look for an indication of comparable waves in the structure ofmaterial particles. Here, also, consideration of an electron, for example, in its rest frame, indicates that it hasnergy equal to

= me c2 = h

here the frequency is the Compton electron frequency. It would appear therefore that one would have tooncur with the electromagnetic nature of matter. However, Aetherometry claims to have identified the fine

tructure of material particles such as the electron, and claims that this structure is not directly electromagnetven if it has an electromagnetic equivalence.

n fact, aetherometric theory claims that the relationship E = me c2 = h, when considered as a physical realitynly applies to the maximal X-ray photon with the Compton-electron wavelength that can be extracted from thonversion of the rest energy of an electron into electromagnetic energy (ionizing photon). It describes solely hoton equivalence to the electron rest energy, and it constitutes, as is well known, the limit X-ray radiationbtainable from an electron. But it does not describe the structure - the electrical structure - of that electron nergy. That is something that only aetherometric theory claims to describe. The latter has, in fact, advanced ew that the structure of the electron is that of a torus composed by the superimposition of two electrical wav

one 'electrical', Wv, the other 'magnetic' Wk), where mass is equivalent solely to the multiple of the wavelengne of these waves, or the number of these waves composing, as rings, the electron torus. Aetherometry hasroposed exact values for these wave functions, which provide an alternative explanation for de Broglies theof Matter Waves, and the phenomenology of mass-increase with acceleration that is central to the theory ofpecial relativity.

he master equation that has been proposed is

= e Wk Wv

hich is algebraically equivalent to the rest mass described by

e c2 = me c2

here e is the wavelength-equivalent of the rest mass of the ordinary electron (an exact quantity identified bxperimental Aetherometry). Hence, Aetherometry has proposed the exact equivalence:

= e Wk Wv = e c2 = me c2

hysically, this means that the structure of an electron is finite (has volume, temporal and undulatoryharacteristics), and that it is an electric structure. A short demonstration and formal proof of the assertion is he same mass-energy can be written with reference to the elementary electrical charge q, as:

= e

Wk

Wv

= q Wv

or inertial purposes, or with respect to the electromagnetic frame (or any such frame), this electrical structureen' as having the inertial property described by e c2 = me c2. And likewise, whenever this rest energy isffectively transformed into an ionizing photon (by impact, to generate the limit X-ray, as in production ofhotoelectrons, or by pair-annihilation, to generate a gamma-ray), the electrical structure of that electron isssolved, and its inertial or rest energy equivalent becomes effectively transformed into electromagnetic ener conformity to the real conversion given by me c2 = h. This also serves as a demonstration that the 'rest'nergy frame of a particle or a body is also its electromagnetic frame.

urthermore, these new algebraic physical functions led aetherometric theory to claim that, likewise, the phot


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elation (E = m0 c2 = h) proposed by de Broglie has an equivalent that can be written as (E = 0 c2 = h). Therves to highlight that, whereas the structure of electronic matter at a nanometric scale is electrical and formecognizable geometric object, a torus, the structure of a photon is what takes on the generic form of inertia, aer (0 c2 = h). Photons are the particles constituted by the structure c2, not elements of matter or electronshe latter are only perceived as having an equivalent wave structure c2 when they are seized in their rest framr their electromagnetic frame, or transformed into ionizing photons. But the structure of elements of matterhile they remain such is electrical, described by the wave-product (Wk Wv), rather than c2. Hence, Aetherome

ontends, the finite geometry of photons is globular, forming a quasi-sphere, and composed of two identicalaves, whereas the finite geometry of electrons is toroidal and composed of two different waves, one trulyectrical and the other truly magnetic. Accordingly, the waves of photons are only geometric product equivalef the real electric and magnetic waves which compose either the rest mass of a material particle, or its kineticnergy. Therefore Aetherometry argues that photons do indeed possess two transverse fields, but the two fieldheir vectors are organized such as to describe a local globularizing vortex, each relating a sine wave, and eacave being described by c in the fundamental derived or resultant relationship (E = m0 c2 = h).

ccordingly, Aetherometry explicitly argues that photons do not really have electrical or magnetic fields; this ccordance with the fact that photons do not present electrical charge and that thus one does not mistake themor electrons! What possesses electrical and magnetic fields are charges, whether massfree or massbound. The

tter, furthermore, possess such fields as are associated with their rest energy and also with the energy of thmotion.

.2. In accordance with the preceding, Aetherometry claims that solar radiation is electrical, not because it isomposed of photons, but because it consists of propagating massfree charges. Unlike massbound charges,

massfree charges have no fixed spin orientation with respect to forward propagation. They can be thought of aet spin 0 charges. But at any time, they may have an effective spin that is either -1/2 or +1/2 (actually, -1 a1, as spin, in Aetherometry, is a number property of angular momentum, not of the number of 'hyperdimensttributed to states of polarization, as it is in Quantum Electrodynamics). They also have transverse, orear-transverse, electrical and magnetic fields, waves and field wave-vectors. But whereas the waves composi

hoton are analogous to the transverse waves that propagate in water and limited to circularized motion, theaves composing a massfree charge are analogous to the longitudinal pressure waves responsible for the forwropagation of sound. Massfree charges cannot be described as occupying or forming a globular space, or evenoroidal one, but as occupying or forming a forward-moving cycloidal helix.

oth types of waves are involved in the propagation of the light stimulus and the generation of light: longitudiectric waves with their transverse magnetic waves - in the propagation of the light-stimulus; and transversebrations in fragments of the kinetic energy released from massbound charges - ie, in the local production ofackbody photons. But these two sets of waves belong to two distinct physical objects - massfree charges andhotons formed when massbound charges decelerate.

.3. Photons and massfree charges also differ in their physical effects. Photons are not deviated, displaced orsturbed by electrical or magnetic fields. Yet one can magnetically polarize the transmission of light. This isecause the transmission of light is effectuated by massfree charges and their longitudinal waves, not by photnd their transversal vibrations. So-called plane polarization of light is, in effect, a magnetic filter, and theddition of a magnet and its rotation or movement will gate the wave function and twist of the longitudinal wand massfree charge transmitting the light-stimulus.

nlike massbound charges, photons cannot charge an electroscope. This is a well established fact, and it applieoth ionizing and blackbody photons. However, as discovered empirically by the Correas, if photons areonionizing and with wavelengths greater than 300, they can arrest the spontaneous electroscopic discharge


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respective of polarity (please note blackbody photons with wavelengths less than 300 discharge electrosopeser the Hallwacks or photoelectric effect) [http://aetherometry.com/abs-AS2v2A.html#abstractAS2-08]. Allackbody photons trigger photoelectric cells [http://aetherometry.com/abs-AS2v2A.html#abstractAS2-13].hotons are not detected by Tesla antennas (see Tesla, N (1901) Apparatus for the util ization of radiantnergy, USPTO # 685,957) connected as unipolar inputs to Geiger-Muller circuits [http://aetherometry.comabs-AS2v2A.html#abstractAS2-13].

s discovered by the Correas, massfree charges can positively charge a proximal electroscope by stripping valeectrons, but in general (in 'distal positions') they accelerate the spontaneous electroscopic discharge ofegatively charged electroscopes, but not positively charged ones [http://aetherometry.comabs-AS2v2A.html#abstractAS2-13]. Massfree charges do not trigger photoelectric cells. Massfree charges areasily detected by Tesla antennas connected as unipolar inputs to Geiger-Muller circuits.

. Are photons massfree particles or massbound particles?

.1. It is currently held that photons have zero rest mass, and thus that they are massfree.

onsensus on this matter is a controversial subject. Operationally, if photons have mass, it is so small that oneels permitted' to disregard it. But disregard is not proof of zero rest mass. And smallness is not a characteris

hat impugns the physical properties of an object.oreover, de Broglie himself (so say the authorities A.P. French and E. F. Taylor) began by assuming that evarticle of light, whatever its quantum energy, has a certain rest mass m0 (An Introduction to Quantumechanics, p. 56). A.S. Goldhaber and M.M. Nieto placed strict upper limits on the rest mass of photons (Rev Mhys, 1971, 43:277), but there is no evidence that indicates that the rest mass of a photon is anything but ze

etherometry contends that the relationship (m0 c2 = h) proposed by de Broglie, is a fictional relationship; th

ffectively, the photon has no rest energy or mass-energy. But it also proposes that there is truth to the deroglie relation, because the structure of the photon, being massfree, is what should be written as (0 c2 = h

s a sidenote, Aetherometry does not need to take recourse to the notion that an alternative to General Relatmust invoke massbound photons subject to deviation by local gravitational fields. Since all blackbody photonroduction is local and the result of decelerating massbound charges, the scatter of the latter and its relativerection are sufficient to explain observed redshift distributions, as well as the much reviled or ignoredstributions of blueshifts, without any need for an invocation of the bending of light by spacetime or itsravitational field.

.2. Moreover, the Correas have publicly and explicitly contended that photons are not the only form of massfradiation in nature. They have contended that photons do not constitute (directed) electrical radiation, butscattered) electromagnetic radiation. Calling them radiation is already a sort of semantic freedom, since theyrise and extinguish locally, and do not propagate across space - it is the scatter of that local production that

preads through space. That which radiates across space, is not electromagnetic energy, nor does it necessarilsperse or 'scatter'; what travels through space to transmit the light stimulus, and is a component of space itselectric longitudinal wave energy - the energy of undulatory massfree charges. And what travels across spac

nd punctually produces photons are massbound charges that have absorbed the undulatory energy of massfrharges as their own kinetic energy, and thus underwent a 'field acceleration'. Light is the byproduct of theteraction between ambipolar radiation and massbound charges, a marker generated upon deceleration of the

harges, when they scatter. Without the acceleration caused by the interaction of massfree and massboundharges, no blackbody photons can be produced by the scatter of massbound charges.

ther authors have spoken of a reality akin in some respects to the aetherometric claim of the existence of


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massfree (ambipolar) charges: Tesla spoke of 'nonordinary electricity', 'primary electricity', 'ether electricity',ongitudinal electric waves distinct from electromagnetic radiation', manifestations that have fallen under theubric of Tesla waves or Tesla radiation; Reich spoke of his massfree orgone energy and orgone charges;erenkov spoke of a pilot or phase wave that transmitted 'potential', or its 'envelope', at speeds greater than cut did not transport electromagnetic energy; Maximo Aucci and Thomas Bearden have described masslessectrons associated with longitudinal electric field propagation; Harold Aspden has described cosmological cha

hat escape the constraints of mass-based relativity, as elements of a dynamic Aether of space.

etherometric theory contends that the exact functions, formulas and spectrum which the Correas havescovered for Tesla radiation are the physical functions behind the transmission of the light stimulus, and arehat all of the authors and researchers mentioned above have striven to understand and describe with newhysical functions and models, whose shortcomings the aetherometric theory claims to overcome.

ll material herein Copyright Correa&Correa 2005, All Rights and Restrictions Apply.


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