480 bc exam question: in 480 bc, the greeks fought a major battle with the persians. we consider...
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480 BCExam question:
In 480 BC, the Greeks fought a major battle with the Persians. We consider this date to be the beginning of the _________ era.
a. Hellenistic b. Archaic
c. Good Times d. Classical
e. Imperial(don’t bother to copy down wrong answers!)
SUMMARYRoman art was about
POWER, PLEASURE & PRACTICALITY
ARCHitecture
ART: media: mosaic, fresco
SCULPTURE: Realism
MUSIC: not much to say
ANCIENT ANCIENT ROMEROME
The Spirit of The Spirit of EmpireEmpire
map
better map p. 72
Romulus & Remus
Apollo from Veii500 b.cLife sizeBaked clay(terracotta)
Archaic Greek influence (smile, stance)
p. 71
Etruscan
3 Roman Periods
• Roman Republic 509 - 27 BC• Early empire 27 BC - 180 AD
PAX ROMANAends with the reign of Marcus Aurelius
• Late empire 180 - 395 AD
about 900 years
But first some connections and comparisons . . .
Ancient Greek Hellenistic Age ends in 145 BC – why?
ROMANCONQUEST
Other culturesAncient Egypt 3150 – 702 BC
about 2500 years
ChinaShang Dynasty starts 1523 BC; more-
or-less continuous Chinese culture since then,
about 3500 years
Qin Dynasty consolidates China, 221-206 BC, about 16 years
Han Dynasty 206 BC – 220 CEclassical phase of Chinese civilization,about 400 years
ROME – 900 years
3 timelines
Roman Republic Early & Late Imperial Rome
HAN DYNASTY - CHINA
Classical Greek
Hellenistic
ArchaicGreek
Qin 3Kingdom
s
Chin
0
Zhou
Classical – some definitions
1. [culturally inclusive] Definitive (defining) and enduring
2. [narrow sense] art & architecture of Greek & Roman antiquity
3. [another general sense] ‘art which aspires to emotional and physical equilibrium, rationally rather than intuitively constructed’
Roman contributions
• Literature
• Continuation of Greek models in art & philosophy
• Architecture
Post & Lintel
construction
LINTEL
P
O
S
T
P
O
S
T
GREEKPARTHENO
N
Post & Lintel
drawbacksLINTEL
P
O
S
T
thick
P
O
S
T
thick narrow
Something new under the sun . . .
Roman ARCHitecture
Arches – strength through
compression
Pont du Gard (in France)
Inventions reached their limit a long time ago, and I see no hope for further development. Julius Frontius, 1st century AD
Archways for Aquaducts
Pantheon
p. 82-83
Pantheon
Pantheon plan
Interior views
Engineering marvel
Concrete!
Interior more spectacular than exterior
Pantheon commentslater used as church
Missing pedimental sculpture
(would have been like Parthenon)
Tuscan order of columns (with
Corinthian capitals)
Coliseum• Brings together the violence and the
achievements of Roman society• Home of gladiatorial contests…man vs.man,
man vs. animal, animal vs. animal• Seating designed for comfort with an
expandable covering over the top• Plumbing which could wash away the blood
or create an ‘inland sea’ on which to have mock sea battles
POWER (POLITICS) & PLEASURE
plan
Art as propaganda
Hail, Caesar Augustus!
a.k.a. Octavian
Ruled 27 BC – 14 AD
PAX ROMANA
Taxi!
p. 74
Hailing Caesar
MEMORIZE DATE: 0
Ara Pacis Augustae
Altar of Augustan Peacep. 75
2:1 length:height
A family affairp. 76
Column of Trajan
SCALE!
p. 77
art as propaganda
Portrait Sculpture
Roman Realism
Life as it is –
fidelity to nature
Livia Augustus’WifeLivia
Young Flavian womanMiddle AgedFlavianwoman
Statue of an old market woman, 1st century A.D.; Roman
On the way to a rite of Dionysus?
Probably intentionally damaged by Early Christians
EmperorCaracalla
Philippus the Arab,ruled 244-249
2-D work
• Mosaics• Wall painting - fresco MEDIA
Mosaics
• From Greek Hellenistic period• Tessare - colored glass• Ceramic pieces• Narrow color range• Technology and artistry improves
to create what look like paintings
Unswept Floor Roman copy of Hellenistic original. p. 86Trompe l’oiel “fool the eye”
Roman Painting
• Fresco (buon affresco, true frecso, compared to fresco secco, dry fresco)
• Pigment mixed with limewater and added to wet plaster
• Wax added to surface after paint had dried to give a sheen to surface.
Villa of the Mysteries at Pompeii 65-50 b.c.
p. 87
Buried by volcanic eruption of Vesuvius 79 AD
Prosperous community of 25,000
Pompeii
depicts initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus
from the Villa of Mysteries Pompeiip. 87
p. 87
NOT actually religious—just decorative
Summer house of wine merchant, richest in town
Content not currently fully explained
Characteristic red
background
From Pompeii, c. 62- 79 CE. Sacral-idyllic (sacred and ideal) landscapes depict allegorical scenes in Nature.
"Gardenscape" Villa of Livia, Primaporta (Rome),c. 30 - 20 B.C.E.
Still Life fromHerculaneum50 a.d.
small town near Pompeii
Still life – a genre of painting featuring inanimate objects (usually (?) associated with material well-being)
SUMMARYRoman art was about
POWER, PLEASURE & PRACTICALITY
ARCHitecture
ART (2-D) – media: mosaic, fresco
SCULPTURE: Realism
MUSIC: not much to say
KEY IMAGE
WHAT:
WHERE:
IDEA:
PANTHEON
ROME
INNOVATIONS -- ARCH, concrete
Taxi!
p. 74
KEY IMAGE
WHAT (SUBJECT):
CULTURE:
IDEA:
WHEN:
CAESAR AUGUSTUS
ROMAN
ART AS PROPAGANDA
around 0
p. 86
KEY IMAGE
CULTURE:
IDEA:
MEDIUM:
TECHNIQUE:
HELLENISTIC/ROMAN
REALISM, PLEASURE
MOSAIC
TROMPE L’OIEL
p. 87
KEY IMAGE
WHERE:
CULTURE:
IDEA:
MEDIUM:
from Pompeii
ROMAN
PLEASURE
FRESCO
Up to Dates?
480 BCE -
0 -
BEGINNING OF GREEK CLASSICAL ERA/GOLDEN AGE
CAESAR AUGUSTUS IN POWER – END OF REPUBLIC, START OF EMPIRE – PAX ROMANA
UP NEXT
ROME FALLS 410
CONSTANTINE AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY
Chapter 5
http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIRE17.swf
Earlier Periods
• Pre-Etruscan 1000-700 BC• Ertruscan 700-509 BC
- strong enough to resist Greeks
And then came the LATINS
Domestic Architecture
• Domus = house• Atrium = entrance to house• Outside plain, inside elaborate.• Homes were considered
sanctuaries• Atrium would often have
sculptures of family members
Atrium
House of Vettii Garden
Hadrian’s Villa (2nd c.)
Large scale rural architecture
•1/2 square mile in size (c. 250 acres)• 30 buildings (now in ruins)• hundreds of statues (over 500)• mosaic floors• “Antiquarian Spirit” – Greek, Egyptian revival
