4a cell organelles specialized structures within a living cell
TRANSCRIPT
4A Cell Organelles
• specialized structures within a living cell
Cell Wall
Structure
•Outer layer of a cell
•Made of cellulose
•Rigid & strong
Cell WallFunction
• Provides support (maintains cell shape)
• Protects cell• Helps maintain cell shape
• Allows O2, H2O, & CO2 into & out of cell
Cell Wall
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Structure
•Outer layer of an animal cell
•Inside cell wall in plants
•Selectively permeable
•Double layer of phospholipids with proteins
Cell (Plasma) MembraneFunction
• Provides support & protection
• Controls movement of materials into & out of cell
• Maintains homeostasis - balance
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Nucleus
Structure
•Large, dark center of cell
•Holds DNA
NucleusFunction
• Controls all cellular activities
• Contains hereditary (genetic info) material of the cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Structure
•Clear, thick, jellylike material
•Organelles are found inside cytoplasm
•Contains the cytoskeleton fibers
CytoplasmFunction
• Supports and protects cell organelles
ChloroplastStructure
• oval shaped containing chlorophyll (green pigment)
• Stacks of thylakoids inside called grana
• Gel-like, innermost substance called stroma
Chloroplast
Function
•Uses E from the sun to make food (glucose) for plants in a process called photosynthesis
•Releases oxygen
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Structure
•Peanut shaped
•Double membrane w/ smooth outermembrane
MitochondriaFunction
• Breaks down glucose molecules to release energy in the form of ATP
• Site of aerobic respiration
• Releases CO2
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure
•Network of tubes or membranes
•Smooth without ribosomes
•Rough with ribosomes
•Connects nuclear envelope & cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Function
• Carries materials through cell
• Aids in making proteins & transporting them to Golgi bodies
Ribosome
Structure
•Small round bodies free or attached to ER
•Made of rRNA & protein
RibosomeFunction
• Synthesize (make) proteins
Ribosome
Lysosome
Structure
•Small & round with a single membrane
LysosomeFunction
• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
• digests old cell parts
Lysosome
Golgi Body (apparatus)
Structure
•Stacks of flattened sacs
Golgi Body (apparatus)Function
• Modify proteins made by the cells
• Packages & exports the proteins
Centrioles
Structure
•Paired structures near the nucleus
•Made of a cylinder of microtubule pairs
CentriolesFunction
• Assist in cell division
Centrioles
Vacuoles
Structure
•Fluid-filled sacs
•Largest organelle in plant cells
VacuolesFunction
• Store water, food & wastes
• Store large amounys of food or sugars in plants
Vacuole
Cilia
Structure
•Short, hair-like structures
CiliaFunction
• Aids in movement
Cilia
Flagella
Structure
•Long, tail-like structures
FlagellaFunction
• Aids in movement
Flagella