4g mobile broadband – lte - kth · pdf file4g mobile broadband – lte part iii. ......
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Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 2
Recap
› Fundamental principle – adapt to and exploit variations in…
…radio channel quality …traffic pattern
› LTE - some building blocks
FDD and TDDBandwidth flexibility
data1data2data3data4
Scheduling Hybrid ARQOFDM Multi-antenna
› Evolution continues
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 3
Outline
I. Basic principles– Channel and traffic behavior– Link adapation, scheduling, hybrid-ARQ– Evolving 3G, inclusion of basic principles in WCDMA
II. LTE– First step into 4G– Path towards IMT-Advanced
III. Standardization– How are HSPA and LTE created?– 3GPP, ITU, ...
Series of three seminars
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 5
Why standardization?
› From Wikipedia– Standardization is the process of agreeing on technical standards– A standard is a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical
specifications, criteria, methods, processes, or practices. – Standards can be
› de facto standards – informal convention or dominant usage› de jure – legally binding contracts, laws or regulations› voluntary – published and available to consider for use
– The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers (commodification), compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.
› Interoperability – e.g. Nokia phone in Ericsson network› Creates mass market! Economy of scale!
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 6
What is standardized?
Terminal
Internet PSTN
Radio control/aggregator node
Base station
User PlaneGateways
ControlNodesCN
RAN
Services
› Logical architecture› Protocol on interfaces› Radio transmitters (RF aspects)
– required by regulations/law› Behavior required to fulfill functionality
– Terminals standardized according to ”master-slave principle”
Standardized – ensures interoperability
› Physical implementation› Algorithms
– Scheduler, handover, admission, ...– Receiver algorithms – sufficient to fulfill requirements
Not standardized – vendor differentiation
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 7
Where – Some Standardization Fora› Standard Developing Organizations
– Non-profit industrial organizations– Develops technical standards– Global/Regional/National
› Regulatory bodies– Governmental organizations– Spectrum usage, frequency management– Placing products on the market
› Industry fora– Promoting and lobbying for specific technologies
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 8
Where – Some Standardization Fora
› 3GPP– Core Network and Radio Access Network for WCDMA/HSPA, LTE,
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
› 3GPP2– Standardization of IS-95, cdma2000/HRPD
› IEEE– Large variety of stds, e.g. 802.11 (WiFi) and 802.16 (WiMAX)
› WiMAX Forum– Promote conformance and interoperability of 802.16 standards
› IETF– Develops/promotes internet standards (IP, TCP, FTP, ROHC, …)
› ITU– International radio and telecommunications standards, allocation of spectrum.
Part of UN.
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 9
Where in the network?
› IETF– Internet services/protocols end-to-end with the
terminal (e.g. IP, TCP, ROHC)– Transport protocols/functions in the CN (IP, MIP)
› 3GPP, 3GPP2– Architecture, functions, protocols for the
complete Radio Access and Core Network
› IEEE– Architecture, functions, protocols for Radio
Access Network
› ITU– Spectrum, radio regulations
Terminal
Internet PSTN
Radio control/aggregator node
Base station
User PlaneGateways
ControlNodesCN
RAN
Services
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 10
Standardization Process
Requirements
Architecture
Detailed specifications
Testing and verification
› Stage 1– Requirements, no detailed solutions
› Stage 2– Logical architecture, functional split, interfaces, protocol
architecture, overall solutions
› Stage 3– All details, e.g., header formats, exact coding scheme,
values in requirements, ...
› Test– Snapshots with test cases from standard to ensure
proper operation
Certification
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 11
ITU
› United Nations agency for information and communication technologies
› Founded 1865– Second oldest international organization still in operation
› Main tasks– Standardization– Allocation of radio spectrum– Organizing interconnection arrangements to allow international phone calls
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 12
ITU Sectors
› ITU-R– Management of radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits
› fixed, mobile, broadcasting, amateur, meteorology, global positioning, systems, environmental monitoring, services that ensure safety of life
› ITU-T– International standards covering all fields of telecommunications
› IP interworking, network aspects of mobility, network access technologies (xDSL), optical networking, technologies, service quality measurements and models
› ITU-D – development– responsible for creating policies, regulation and providing training programs
and financial strategies in developing countries
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 13
ITU-R
› Radio regulations– allocation of different frequency bands
› WRC -93, -95, -97, -00, -03, -07, ...– mandatory technical parameters to be observed
› Reports
› Recommendations– Approves standards fulfilling the ITU requirements
› Specifications developed outside ITU (e.g. in 3GPP)– Examples of ITU-R families of standards
› IMT-2000› IMT-Advanced
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 14
IMT Radio Interfaces
ITU-R Family of IMT-2000 terrestrial Radio Interfaces
(ITU-R M.1457)
IMT-2000CDMA TDD
(UTRA TDD andE-UTRA TDD)
3GPP
IMT-2000CDMA Multi-Carrier(CDMA2000 and
UMB)
3GPP2
IMT-2000CDMA Direct Spread
(UTRA FDD and E-UTRA FDD)
3GPP
IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN
(WiMAX)
IEEE
IMT-2000FDMA/TDMA
(DECT)
ETSI
IMT-2000TDMA Single-Carrier
(UWC 136)
ATIS/TIA
IMT-Advanced terrestrial Radio Interfaces(ITU-R M.[IMT.RSPEC])
WirelessMAN-Advanced(WiMAX/
IEEE 802.16m)
IEEE
LTE-Advanced(E-UTRA/
Release 10)
3GPP
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 15
IMT Spectrum20251710
19801785 18801805
2110 2200
2110 2170
26902500
2500 2570 2620 26901710
2300 2400
Generalbands
Regional bands
Local bands
Band 3 Band 1 Band 7
Band 2
Band 4Band 10
19101850 19901930
15251427
IMT IMT IMTITU: IMTMobile
Band 11 & 21 (Japan) Band 9 (Japan)
Band 39 (China)
Band 36Band 35(Band 37)
1427,91452,91475,91500,9
1844,91879,9
1920
1749,91784,9
1880
19101850 199019301710
17551770
2110
21552170
19001920
20102025
Band 33Band 34
Band 40
Band 38
Band 41
2496 2690
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 16
IMT Spectrum960698
IMT
General bands
Local bands
824 849 869 894
830 845 885875
880 915 925 960
698
716
728
746756758768777787788798
Band 8
Band 5Band 12Band 13
Band 14
Band 18 &19 (Japan)
ITU:
Band 17
815 860
791 821 832 862
Band 20
Regional bands
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 17
3GPP Organizational Partners
CCSACCSA
TTATTAARIBARIB
TTCTTC
ETSIETSI
ATISATIS
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 18
3GPP OrganizationPCG
Project Coordination Group
TSG RAN
RAN WG1Radio L1
RAN WG2L2/L3
RAN WG3NW protocols
RAN WG4Core, Perf req.
RAN WG5MT conf. testing
WCDMA/HSPAand LTE
TSG GERAN
GERAN1Radio
GERAN2Protocol
GERAN3Testing
GSM/GPRS
TSG SA
SA1Services
SA2Architecture
SA3Security
SA4Codec
SA5Telecom Mgmt.
ServicesOverall System
TSG CT
CT1MM/CC/SM
CT3Interworking
External NWs
CT4MAP/GTP/BCH/SS
CT5Open Service Access
CT6Smart Card Apl.
Core Network
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 19
Standardization – a Flying Circus?
› RAN1 meetings held ~8 times a year– Meetings run from Monday to Friday– Held in various countries in Europe, North America, and Asia
› Meeting schedule 2007– January 15-19, Sorrento, Italy– February 12-16, St Louis, USA– March 26-30, St Juliens, Malta– April 17-20, Beijing, China– May 7-11, Kobe, Japan– June 25-29, Orlando, USA– August 20-24, Athens, Greece– October 8-12, Shanghai, China– November 5-9, Seoul Korea
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 20
Typical RAN1 Meeting
› Approx 250 delegates attending and ~800 documents submitted...Number of Contributions per Agenda Item
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Appr
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of t
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Mai
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se 9
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Evol
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UTR
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TRAN
TDD
Fra
me
Stru
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Fina
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sign
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Dow
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Con
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Map
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to p
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esou
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Fina
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Tim
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sync
hron
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UL/
DL
Pow
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ontro
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Inte
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RAC
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Proc
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Fina
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Cat
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ies
Com
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ighe
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odul
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(FD
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Enha
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Stud
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-DC
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Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 21
3GPP Releases
R99 Rel4 Rel5 Rel6 Rel7 Rel8
LTELTE
HSPAHSPAWCDMAWCDMA HSPA evolutionHSPA evolutionHSDPAHSDPA
› HSPA evolution– Gradually improved performance at a low additional cost
in (multiples of) 5MHz spectrum allocation
› LTE– Significantly improved performance in a wide range of spectrum allocations
Rel10
1999 2002 2005 2007 2008
Rel9 Rel11
LTELTE--AA
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 22
› Contribution driven
› Decision by consensus– Coffee-breaks important part of meetings (off-line)
› Good relations important– Social relations across cultural borders– Mutual respect and co-operation
› One week meetings Long meeting days
Standardization in Practice
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 24
Summary – Basic Principles
› Adapt to and exploit…– variations in radio channel quality– variations in the traffic pattern
…instead of combating them!
› Traffic pattern is time varying
› Radio-channel quality is time varying
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 25
Summary – Basic Principles
› Shared channel transmission
› Channel-dependent scheduling
› Rate control
› Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 26
Summary – HSPA
Multi-antenna support
Hybrid ARQ
Channel-dependent schedulingShared channel transmission
f5 MHz
10 MHz5 MHz
Multi-carrier transmission
Rate control
› Packet-data add-on to WCDMA› First version ~2002, still evolving
HSPA (“Turbo-3G”)
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 27
Summary – LTE
FDD and TDD support
Bandwidth flexibility
ICIC
Multi-antenna support
data1data2data3data4
Channel-dependent scheduling
Hybrid ARQ
IFFT
Transmission schemeDL OFDM, UL DFTS-OFDM
adapt to and exploit variations in…
…radio channel quality
…traffic pattern
Fundamental principle:
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 28
Summary – LTE
data1data2data3data4
Dual-stream Beamforming
LTE Rel-9
MBSFN
LTE Rel-8Positioning
N
S
WE
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 29
Summary – LTE
data1data2data3data4LTE Rel-8
MIMO extensionsUp to 4x4 UL and 8x8 DL
Carrier Aggregation
RelayingEnhanced HetNet support
LTE Rel-9
LTE Rel-10
N
S
WE
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 30
Summary – Standardization
› Interfaces and protocols standardized– Implementation is not
› 3GPP– Standardization of radio-access and core network for
the major mobile technologies
› ITU– Radio regulations, spectrum allocations
Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 31
For Further information…
Available in English, Chinese, Korean and Japanese.
...or read The Book!
Open the 3GPP specifications...