4g technology presented by nithin raj. 4g definition 4g is not one defined technology or standard,...
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4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.
0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.
In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.
1G had two major improvements: the invention of the microprocessor the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site. Analog signal
2G Technology
Around 1980’s
Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time
Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s
Previous Technology - 2G
Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
Previous Technology - 2G Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN
Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery
Power–CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking increase sound quality lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer SMS –“short message service” E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls Analog –gradual sound reduction
“Spotty” coverage
3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps
Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–Global roaming
Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency
Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel
Types of Multiplexing
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the call
Types of Multiplexing
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted
Types of Multiplexing
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission
Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users. High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
3G phones are expensive
What is 4G?
Fourth Generation Technology Faster and more reliable 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc Networking IPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer: fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer: wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway: devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
Info-Sensor layer: environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer: high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices
Not necessarily connected to internet
4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks
Form of mesh networking–Very reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five seconds
Play online multi player games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote location
4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access
I will provide first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.