Display TechnologyPresented by:

Vasu jain(B120020303)

Presentation Outline

History

Introduction

Motivation

4K Resolution Specifications

Difference b/w UHD and 4K

REC. 2020 Standard

Frame rate and Digital Representation

8K technology

Conclusion

References

History

The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic

purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in 2003. The projection of films

at 4K resolution at cinemas began in 2011 .The first 4K home theatre

projector was released by Sony in 2012.

YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010. Users could view

4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December

2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu.

Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013

offering a little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download

to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video.

Introduction

4K is the new big thing in display technology.

1920 x 1080 resolution - full HD TVs: Image of around 2 megapixels

UHDTV - 8 megapixel image from hi-resolution cameras.

4K denotes a very specific display resolution of 4096 x 2160.

Proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and

defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union

(ITU).

It will soon become a format for both broadcast TV and Blu-ray.

Motivation

The high definition comes in two flavors which are 720p (HD ready)

and 1080p (Full HD).

Both standards offer more picture information than the standard

definition formats.

The more pixels that make up an image, the more detail you see - and

the smoother the appearance of curved and diagonal lines.

Ultra HD takes that on to the next level.

A high pixel count also enables images to go larger before they break

up, which suits the trend to bigger TVs.

The real difference between 720p and 1080p is the minimum viewing

distance from TV about two meters.

Increasing pixel density leads to closer viewing distance without the

pixel grid becoming obvious to viewer.

A 4K image - or Ultra HD - enables user to sit 1.6m from the screen.

4K Resolution

4K Resolution Specifications

"Ultra High-Definition", or "Ultra HD",

Have an aspect ratio of at least 16:9

Can present native video at a minimum resolution of 4096 x 2,160 pixels.

4K UHDTV (2160p) is 4096 pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall (8.3

megapixels), which is four times more pixels than 1920 x 1080 (2.1

megapixels).

8K UHDTV (4320p) is 7680 pixels wide by 4320 pixels tall

(33 megapixels), which is sixteen times more pixels than current 1080p

HDTV, which brings it closer to the detail level of 15/70 mm IMAX.

The p in 2160p and 4320p stands for progressive scan.

UHD is a resolution of 3840 pixels × 2160 lines (8.3 megapixels, aspect

ratio 16:9) and is one of the two resolutions of ultra high definition

television targeted towards consumer television, the other being FUHD

which is 7680 pixels × 4320 lines (33.2 megapixels). UHD has twice the

horizontal and vertical resolution of the 1080p HDTV format, with four

times as many pixels overall.

ULTRA HD

The Digital Cinema Initiatives consortium established a standard

resolution of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio

~17:9) for 4K film projection. This is the native resolution for DCI-

compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors; pixels are cropped from

the top or sides depending on the aspect ratio of the content being

projected. The DCI 4K standard has twice the horizontal and vertical

resolution of DCI 2K, with four times as many pixels overall. DCI 4K

does not conform to the standard 1080p Full HD aspect ratio (16:9), so

it is not a multiple of the 1080p display.

DIGITAL CINEMA

Recording in 4K

The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine

spatial detail is resolved well. This contrasts with 2K resolutions in

which fine detail in hair is displayed poorly. If the final video quality is

reduced to 2K from a 4K recording more detail is apparent than would

have been achieved from a 2K recording. Increased fineness and

contrast is then possible with output to DVD and Blu-ray.

Difference b/w UHD and 4K

Technically, "Ultra High Definition" is actually a derivation of the 4K

digital cinema standard. However while your local multiplex shows

images in native 4096 x 2160 4K resolution, the new Ultra HD

consumer format has a slightly lower resolution of 3840 X 2160.

This is one reason why some brands prefer not to use the 4K label at

all, sticking with Ultra HD or UHD instead. However, the numerical

shorthand looks likely to stick. As a broad brush label it's so much

snappier!

How far should you sit from a 4K TV for

the best picture

4K Ultra HD is a much more intimate viewing experience than Full HD.

In many respects, the best way to view 4K is analogous to the way we

view films in a cinema. Old style cinemas were shoe-box shaped and

most patrons sat typically 3-5 screen heights away, because that was

the most comfortable viewing distance.

Consequently, a large 4K screen is probably best viewed at a distance

of between 2-3m

Viewing Distance

REC. 2020 Standard

Recommendation 2020 defines

various aspects of ultra high

definition television (UHDTV) such

as display resolution, frame rate,

chroma subsampling, bit depth,

and color space.

The wavelength of the Rec. 2020

primary colors is:

630 nm for the Red primary color.

532 nm for the Green primary

color

467 nm for the Blue primary color.

Frame rate and Digital Representation

Frame rate, also known as frame frequency and frames per second

(FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces

unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well

to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture

systems.

120p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p.

Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed.

The NHK is planning for their UHDTV system, Super Hi-Vision, to use 12-

bits per sample RGB.

Beyond HDTV

Beyond

HD ?

2D

3D

1080p/50

UHD-1

UHD-2

Frame

Compatible

Service

Compatible

Expensive is the technology

The first wave of 4K TVs were large, really large. Both Sony and LG

launched with 84-inch panels Consequently, they were saddled with

price tags in excess of ₹18,00,000 . Not to be outdone, Samsung

weighed in with the 85-inch S9 at ₹33,00,000 , clearly aimed at

footballers Generally speaking, a market-leading 65-inch 4K TV like

the Sony KD-65X9005B will set you back a little

over ₹2,00,000... and they're getting cheaper.

How small will 4K Ultra HD screens get

In the short term, screen sizes are likely to stabilise at 55-inches and

upwards. That's because as the screen size shrinks the advantage of

having such a pixel dense display starts to diminish. There's also an

irrefutable relationship between screen resolution and viewing

distances.

While seating will vary from home to home, generally speaking a large

4K TV will provide an upgrade for a smaller 1080p screen. However,

the 4K resolution will ultimately be about more than just definition.

Growth of 4K

Are 4K televisions future-proof

While there is no content yet that can take advantage of this higher

4K frame rate -- apart from PC games -- we consider HDMI 2.0 a must-

have for any 4K TV going forward. In addition to including it in their

2014 4K TVs, many makers also offer an upgrade path that enables

their 2013 4K TVs to be upgraded to HDMI 2.0. Compared to 1080p TVs

they still demand a premium.

Hang on, what about 8K

If 4K offers four times the resolution of Full HD, then 8K will deliver

16 times the definition. 8K screens comprise a staggering 33 million

pixels.This is an order of magnitude beyond any display technology

currently available, and only one broadcaster, Japanese state owned

NHK, has publically said it intends to commercialise the technology.

NHK has since pledged to shoot and transmit the 2020 Tokyo Olympics

in the format.

Conclusion

Complex implementation.

Requires a large shift in the broadcast and entertainment

infrastructure.

Currently the only devices to offer Ultra HD play-out are ultra high

resolution PC graphics cards, which typically use a quartet of SDI or

HDMI outputs to deliver 8MP of video.

References

1) 4K resolution, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution.

2) CIExy1931 Rec 2020 and Rec 709,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CIExy1931_Rec_2020_and_Rec_709.svg

3) Rec. 2020, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec._2020

4) Ultra high definition television,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_definition_television

5) Ultra HD and 4K TV: Everything you need to know,

http://www.techradar.com/news/home-cinema/high-definition\\ultra-hd-

everything-you-need-to-know-about-4k-tv-1048954