4.literature review

8/19/2019 4.Literature Review

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CRITICAL REVIEW OF

LITERATURE• Purpose of the literature revie• 1.Expand understanding of the research

problem.

• 2.Look for ways others have addressed asimilar research problem.

• 3.Gather background information on

your topic to rene the researchproblem.

• !."dentify gaps in previous research


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• #.$how how your research iscontributing to knowledge andunderstanding of a particular eld.

• %."dentify information that should begathered to formulate research&uestions.

• '."dentify &uestions that might beused as measurement &uestions.


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• (."ntroduce you to measurementtools that other researchers havedeveloped and used e)ectively.

• *.+eveal methods of dealing withproblem situations that may besimilar to di,culties you are facingor likely to face.


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• The result of the literature revie!a" #e a solutio$ to the resear%hpro#le!& i$ hi%h %ase $o further

resear%h is re'uire(& a$( a$otherresear%h pro#le! has to #ei(e$ti)e(.

• -owever/ if the research problem stillexists/ a research proposal is developed.


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• 0ou demonstrate engagement with literaturein 3 main areas

• 1."n the introductory chapter where you

set the stage for your study/ and outline yourresearch problem research gap

• 2."n the literature review chapter in whichyou extensively discuss the theoretical and

empirical approaches/ arguments and 4ustication behind your research


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• 0ou also develop the conceptualframework at the end of theliterature review.

• 3."n the discussions where youanalyse and interpret your ndings inlight of underlying theoreticalperspectives and previous studies.


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• Levels of i$for!atio$

• *+Pri!ar" sour%es 5pieces oforiginal work that are considered tohave made contributions to the bodyof knowledge 5disseminated through

4ournal publications/ conference

proceedings/ masters and doctoraltheses. 6hey are the main sources ofinformation that examiners look for.


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• ,+Se%o$(ar" sour%es 5do not usuallycontain signicant original work 5provideinformed interpretations and develop new

understandings of original work.• -+Supporti$. sour%es 5often represent

opinions and personal knowledge of well7informed authors/ rather than provide data

from primary research. 8ften presented inbusiness maga9ines and professionalpublications.


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• 6hough supporting sources shouldnot be used as the main source ofliterature for a master:s dissertation/

they should not be ignored as theyrepresent another dimension to theresearcher:s exposition to ideas and

ndings.


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Evaluati$. i$for!atio$ sour%es

•-elps determine the most relevant andcredible sources for your research. $ources

should be evaluated for•i.;urpose

•ii.$cope

•iii.


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• Purpose this is what the author istrying to achieve. 6he author may beattempting to establish credibility/

broaden knowledge within a discipline/establish a company image or evenmarket a company:s goods and services.

•

->etermining the purpose helps toestablish how biased or balanced theinformation is.


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• ii.Scope ?hat is the date ofpublication@ ?hat time period iscovered@ ow much of the topic is

covered and in what depth@ "s thematerial covered local/ national/regional or international@ Looking at

the bibliographic information/ howcomprehensive is it@


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• iii.Authority "n any source/ boththe author and publisher areindicators of authority.

• -$cholarly 4ournals with their peerreview process aim to strengthen thecredibility and authority of these

sources.


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• -Evaluating the authority of ?ebsources is particularly critical asanyone can post anything.

• -Aonsider the credentials of the authoror institution sponsoring the site wholinks to the site where do the facts

supplied come from and is there a wayof contacting the authorinstitution forfurther information.


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• iv.Audience


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• v.Format ow is the informationpresented/ and how easy is it to nda specic piece of information@ "s the

information arranged alphabetically/chronologically or by topic@ ow areacronyms used@


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terature surve"pro%ess

• *+Asse!#le the literature

• -Aatalogue and document ma4or works ofrecognised importance 54ournals/ texts/ etc.

build lists of authors/ catalogue citations.• -6his rst stage will appear more like a

laundry list.

•

-"t is an important rst step that showsthat you are familiar with key works in youreld.


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• ,+S"$thesise "our literature

• -


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• -+A$al"se "our literature

• -Examine the emerging themes/trends and relationships to formulatean argument.

• -Areate a storyline of arguments andclaims in a coherent and logical way to

demonstrate what is known about yourresearch topic. 6his is where 08B+C8"AEis heard.


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• Examine any historical perspectivesto determine the contextualappropriateness of earlier sources to

the context of your research. 6hisprevents you from adoptingtheoretical perspectives based on

circumstances that no longer exist.


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/+Authori$. "our stu("•->raw conclusions about the sources 5what are the key ndings from the

literature@•-$how how your study departs fromexisting studies 5the gap in literature

that your study seeks to address.•-These four steps lea( to(evelop!e$t of a %o$%eptualfra!eor0

• 6he conce tual framework de icts the


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• Rules of thu!# i$ reviei$.literature

• -Evaluate Dever take other people:sconclusions at face value determinefor yourself whether their conclusionsare 4ustied based on the data

presented. ournal articles willnormally have this well done/ butother documents may not.


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• Organise the ideas you encounter duringyour review. 6he research ob4ectives Forsub7problems generally guide the way you

organise the literature.• -Bse recently published reference material.

• -


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• READ! READ! and READ until youstart to nd repetitive patterns in thematerials you are reading. 6hen it is

time to move to the next thing.• -WRE! WRE! and WREI 0our

only evidence of ade&uate reading is

having a documentation system thatallows you to know what you haveread/ and the gaps you still have.Remember to use restrained language.


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• Avoi( Pla.iaris!

• -;lagiarism is presenting the work and ideasof someone else and passing them o) as

your own. "t includes• 5Aopying words or ideas from someone else

without giving credit.

• 5;araphrasing ideas and failing to

acknowledge them.

• 5Giving incorrect information about thesource of a &uotation.

4.literature review

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