4th and 4 , 2017) potentials of global biomass energy and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Potentials of Global Biomass Energy
and R&D of Biomass Refinery
Technologies
Kinya Sakanishi
Deputy Director-General,
Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute,
AIST (FREA),
Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298,
Japan
4th JASTIP Symposium “Biomass to Energy, Chemicals and Functional Materials ”
(NSTDA, Thailand, July 3rd and 4th, 2017)
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FREA(Fukushima Renwable Energy Institute, AIST)(Established in Koriyama City, Japan , in April, 2014 )
Rated Output: 300kW
Wind Power System
Hydrogen Bldg.
Annex Building
Clean Rooms, Experiment Rooms
Main Building
Research Labs, Area 6,900㎡
PV Power System
Rated Output: 500kW
Total Land Area:78,000㎡
Smart System Research
Facility in April, 2016
(newly built)
Energy Management Bldg.
MCH Bldg.
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Renewable Energy Network at FREA
System R&D for renewable energies mass introduction• MW PV, wind power integration with storage (batteries, hydrogen)
• ICT network for power generation forecast and system control
• Test bed for new technology (power electronics etc.), demonstration
• International standardization
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Hydrogen Carrier Production / Application
• Hydrogen production from PV, wind turbine output
• Conversion to organic-hydrate (liquid at room temperature), large
scale storage at high density for long term
• 3H2 + C6H5CH3 C6H11CH3(methyl-cyclohexane)
– Hydrogenation / dehydrogenation by catalytic reaction
• Combined heat and power application by engine / fuel cell
• Utilization of O2 from H2O electrolysis for biomass to H2 & fuels
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Year Policies
2002 Biomass Nippon Strategy
2005 Kyoto Protocol – Target Achievement Plan
2009 Basic Act for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization
2010 Basic Energy Plan (Revised)
2010 National Plan for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization
2012 Biomass Industrialization Strategy <Feed-in Tariff started>
2014 Basic Energy Plan (Revised) 2015 Revised FIT for Biomass Power Generation
2016 Electricity Deregulation started from April
Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryAgency of NaturalResourcesand Energy
Major Developments of Biomass Policy in Japan
■After the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent nuclear accident happened, the
biomass industrialization strategy was drawn as principle to create regional green industry andfortify an independent and distributed energy supply system.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries
2011.3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake and Accident of
Fukushima 1st Nuclear Power Plant
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Looking Back and Forward
Current Situation of World Energy
Source : IEA Task39 Work Shop, September 2008
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Biomass Supply Prospects – Uncertainties Remain
• Total biomass demand for heat, power and biofuels reaches 8-11 billion tons in 2050
• Intermediate targets should be adopted to enhance international biomass trade, and assess
costs and impact on sustainability
Source: Adapted from IPCC (2011), and supplemented with IEA data
< Source: Based on IPCC SRREN, 2011 >
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Scheme of Sustainable Asian Biomass Strategy=> ASEAN+6 and Asia-Pacific Collaborations
Best Practice Scenario and System for Sustainable
Biomass Utilization Models in East Asian Countries
Total Promotion of Biomass Asia Strategy
Extensive Win-Win Collaboration in Asia
International R&D Joint Projects on Biomass,
Especially agriculture and engineering fields
ASEAN
Japan
Technology, IP, Human resources
Resources, Economical development,
Technology transfer
Energy, Materials, CO2 reduction:CDM&JCM⇒Sustainable Development
Win-Win
relationshipChina
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Foresight of ASEAN Agricultural Residue in 2030
Source : NEDO Research Report in 2007
(Converted into Ethanol x1000 kL)
* The figures in yellow background are the promising quantities for producing ethanol
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Target Technology & Products for Biomass Utilization
Biomass LCA (NREL etc.)
Energy Crops
(Cassava, Sugar
Cane, Oil palm,
Jatropha, Sago
Palm etc.)
Aquatic Biomass
Sewage Sludge
Forestry Products,
Old palm trunk etc.
Agricultural Waste
(rice husk & straw,
baggasse etc.
Biomass Target Technology Products
MeOH,DME,SyntheticFuels,OlefinsHydrogen
Bioethanol,
Bio-ethylene,
Bio-propylene
BDFBioplastics,
Bio-chemicals
Food Wastes
Methane &
Hydrogen
Fermentation
Non-acidic Pretreatments(Hot-compressed Water&Mechano-chemical milling)
BTL with catalysis,
Flash pyrolysis &
Gasification for CHP
Two-stageFermentation, &Waste-water treatment
Fertilizer,
Animal feed
Plant Growth,Clone Identification
Technical and Post Doctoral Training
(JICA/JST, NEF, AIST fellowship etc.)
HydrothermalPretreatment, &Carbonization
Extraction & Catalysis etc.
Standardization in Asia &
JIS, and ISO
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2000-2010
Fuel technologies for urban
environment
2010-2020
Fuel technologies for mini-
minimizing fuel consumption
Petroleum
S-free
gasoline
S-free
diesel
S-free・low-aroma・low-
olefins and high octane
gasoline
S-free・low-aroma diesel
Natural Gas
Biomass
Coal
Heavy Oils
Syngas
CO/H2
FT Synthesis,
GTL / BTL
DME
Methanol
H2 for Fuel CellH2
*PM,NOx reduction
*Advanced end-of-pipe technologies
*CO2 reduction
*New engine system/new fuel
Future Needs for Alternative Transportation Fuel
S-free,
Aroma-free
Energy security
2020-
Designed
fuel
etc.
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Overall Biomass Refinery Scheme
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Principles of Biomass Refining Technology
Cell wall structure: Natural nanocomposite
To overcome “Biomass Recalcitrance”: responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion.
Nanofibrillation by
the combined
method of HCW
treatment and wet-
milling process
Nanospace formation between cellulose microfibrills by HCW treatment
De-lignification
of wet-milled
product
Morphology of the
fibrillated products by
wet-milling after the
hot compressed
water (HCW )
treatment.
Enzymatic
Saccharification
and Lignin
Recovery
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Strategy for Biomass Platform by Combined Bio- & Chemical- Processes
Woody Biomass
Nano-cellulose fiber production
By hydrothermal and mechano-
chemical pretreatments
Enzymatic
Saccharification
in high conc.
solution
Fermentation by
Innovative Bio-
Processes
Gasification
H2
COCO2
N2
H2OH2SCOSダストタール
Gas Cleaning&Storage Catalytic ReactionsSyn-Gas
Bio-DME
&
Intermediates
Syntheses of Bio-DME &Hydrocarbons
Alcohols (Butanol,
Iso-butanol etc. )
Lactic Acid etc.
Functional and Value-
added Products such
as Bio-surfactants and
Bio-materials
Bio-materials
Olefins such as
propylene
Aromatics etc.
Catalytic Production of Bio-Chemicals
Enzyme
Target 1: Sugar Platform
Target 2: Syn-Gas Platform
Biomass Refinery TechnologyProduction of Biomass-
derived Chemicals
Bio-Process Conversion
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Ex.: Process model for ETBE & BTL木材 水 水 水
50 90 320
炭酸ガス
3KG蒸気 ETOH500
240C6酵素糖化 空気 水
250 冷却水600
850 63095℃温水 五炭糖
水 710 六炭糖840 水
270 640120 130 400 炭酸ガス
430150
灰分 灰分 415 冷却水205 530
190810 670
3KG蒸気 690水800 660 460 445 冷却水
680180 乳酸
830 46595℃温水 空気 炭素材 メタン 水 乳酸
水 水 六炭糖820 冷却水 水 六炭糖
水
炭酸ガス ギ酸メチル 炭酸ガス プロパンジオール水、窒素 メタノール 六炭糖、水 六炭糖
水
2.9
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3発電
42.2
16.95.1
第2燃焼
水熱処理
五炭糖ETOH発酵
水蒸気改質
11.8
クロマト分離1
六炭糖酵素糖化
貯蔵3
蒸発
16.4
9.6
五炭糖酵素糖化
75.7
107.2107.2 75.7
第2粉砕
16.1 107.2
68.5
107.2
68.5熱交換2
空気圧縮2
191.8
熱交換4
空気圧縮1
68.5
0.041.6
13.2
炭化
1.64
熱交換3
第1燃焼
貯蔵1 濾過
15.1
1.5
40.6
31.5
熱交換1
固液分離&爆砕
第1粉砕
75.7
クロマト分離2
19.2
2.0
40.6 53.8
貯蔵2
1.1
2.8 8.5
MEOH合成
40.6
40.611.4
1.3
12.6
MFOR合成
貯蔵5
貯蔵7プロパンジオール濃縮
プロパンジオール発酵
39.5
6.7
乳酸発酵水
12.6
六炭糖ETOH発酵
水
貯蔵4
ETOH蒸留
1.0
1.3
1.7
15.9
プロパンジオール貯蔵6
乳酸蒸留
炭酸ガス水、窒素
灰分
INPUT OUTPUTSimulation
Process DB
•Separation
•Fermentation
•Chemical
•Thermal
• …..
Thermo DB
•Calorie
•Moisture
•Enthalpy
•Entropy
• …..
Wood DB
•Structures
•Molecules
•Elements
• …..
Cost DB
•Devices
•Processes
•Products
• …..
Analysis
•Mass & energy analysis
•Cost analysis
CO2
To establish economically feasible process for large-scale biomass conversion;
1. To develop biomass system simulation technology,
Ground database(DB) should be constructed.
2. To design economic feasible total system for biomass.
The simulator can be used for optimization, economic & environmental analysis.
Carbon balance
Energy balance
Efficient
Impact
(LCA)
Economics
Cost recovery
Biomass System Analysis and Simulation
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BTL liquid fuel
nCO+(2n+1)H2 CnH2n+2+nH2O
nCO+2nH2 CnH2n+nH2O
H2 + CO+CO2 + CH4 + HCs
+ Tar + Char
WOOD + H2O
(olefin)
(paraffin)
System simulation of BTL process
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-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Liq
uid
fu
el (C
5-C
20
) [t/1
00
t-w
oo
d]
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Am
ou
nt o
f C
O2 m
itig
atio
n [t/1
00
t-w
oo
d]
Liquid fueltotalElec.DutyC10-20C6-C9
Case I Case II Case III Case IV Case V Case VI
offgas recycling
CO2 mitigation
t-CO2
/kL-product1.60 2.11 2.584 0.466 2.06 2.45
without
fossil fuel
Total amount of CO2 mitigation
offgas combustion
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Effective Utilization of Biomass with Asian Partners
CO2 Reduction
CDM
JCM
Investment
Technology Transfer
Liquid Fuels
Bulk ChemicalsLocal Energy Supply
Credit
Forest Restoration