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4th Grade

Energy and Natural Resources

2015-11-18

www.njctl.org

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Energy and Natural Resources

· Human Energy UseClick on the topic to go to that section

· Renewable Energy

· Non-Renewable Energy

· Environmental Impacts

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Human Energy Use

Return to Tableof Contents

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EnergyDo you remember what energy is? Click below to review.

Energy is the ability and potential to do things.

We have already learned a lot about energy. In this unit we are going to learn even more about energy and how humans

use and interact with it.

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Human Energy UseHave you noticed that we use a lot of energy and fuels in our

everyday lives?

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Human Energy UseCan you think of more ways that humans use energy and

fuels that the pictures didn't show?

Think of things that require energy that we must get from somewhere else, instead of things that we do that use our

own energy.

(Remember, energy is the ability and potential to do things.)

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Human Energy UseWhere do you think the energy comes from to do all these

things?

Discuss with your table and write your ideas below.

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Sources of EnergyEnergy that humans use usually comes from natural sources.

This means that the energy comes from things that can be found in the environment, somewhere on the Earth.

What are some natural sources of energy? Click in the box to find out.

the sun

water

plants coal

heat naturalgas

petroleum(oil)

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Sources of EnergyThe sun, plants, coal, petroleum, heat, water, and natural gas are all examples of natural energy sources that humans use

to do many different things.

When we talk about energy, some of these energy sources go by different names. Do you know some of their names?

Plants used for energy are called biofuels .

Water energy is called hydroelectric energy.

Heat energy from Earth is called geothermal energy.

Energy from the sun is called solar energy.

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NATURAL GASHYDROELECTRICGEOTHERMALWIND

PETROLEUMCOALBIOFUELSSOLAR

What kind of energy do we use most?Which source of energy do you think humans use the

most? The second most? Not very much at all? Discuss it with your group.

Based on your current knowledge, move the following types of energy into a list, ranking them from the least to greatest

usage in the United States.

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U.S. Sources of Energy

This graphic, based on energy use in the United States in 2009, shows how much of the energy that year came from which sources.

What do you notice?

Does anything surprise you?

Were your predictions close?

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Converting EnergyHumans "produce" energy from all different sources, but like

we already learned about energy, when we say "produce energy" it typically really means that we convert energy from one form to another or transfer it from one place to another.

This is because energy cannot be created; energy is conserved.

Remember back to the example of solar panels. How do they work? Click below to check your answer.

Solar panels turn light energy into electrical energy.

Light energy is changed into electrical energy.

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1 Humans produce all the energy they use in their everyday lives on their own.

True

False

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1 Humans produce all the energy they use in their everyday lives on their own.

True

False

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False

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2 All of the following are natural sources of energy except:

A the sun

B petroleum

C wind

D the moon

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2 All of the following are natural sources of energy except:

A the sun

B petroleum

C wind

D the moon

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D

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3 Do humans produce new energy?

Yes

No

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3 Do humans produce new energy?

Yes

No

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No

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4 What is energy that comes from moving water called?

A aqua power

B hydroelectric power

C biofuel

D water power

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4 What is energy that comes from moving water called?

A aqua power

B hydroelectric power

C biofuel

D water power

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B

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5 Which of the following sources of energy do humans use the largest amount of?

A biofuels

B natural gas

C petroleum

D wind

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5 Which of the following sources of energy do humans use the largest amount of?

A biofuels

B natural gas

C petroleum

D wind[This object is a pull tab]

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C

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Renewable Energy

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What is Renewable Energy?What do you think when you hear the term renewable energy?

What do you think it is?

Discuss it with your table.

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Renewable EnergyRenewable energy is energy that comes from a source that is not in danger of being used up because it can be recreated

relatively quickly.

The source of energy can be renewed, meaning it won't run out before more is produced.

Can you think of some examples of renewable energy? Write your ideas in the box.

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Renewable Energy SourcesDid you think of any of these sources of renewable energy?

agricultural wastebiofuelsbiomass

geothermal powerhydroelectric powermethane from cows

nuclearsolar powertidal powerwave power

windwood

pictures: listverse.com

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BiomassBiomass is living or recently dead biological materials that

can be used as fuel or for industrial production.

This can be plants grown to generate electricity, animal matter used for production of goods, or biodegradable wastes

that can be burned as fuel.

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BiofuelsBiofuels are fuels that are made from biomass.

Bioethanol and biodiesel are the two main types of biofuels used today. Bioethanol is made from plants. Biodiesel is

made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases.

ethanol plant biodiesel from soybeans

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Geothermal PowerGeothermal power involves extracting heat from the earth to

produce energy, usually for heating or electricity.

Geothermal power can be used on a small scale, such as heating an apartment complex. It can also be used on a larger scale for energy production through a geothermal

power plant.

a geothermal power plant

geothermal pump

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Hydroelectric PowerHydroelectricity is the production of power through use of the

gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

This usually involves either a dam or a water wheel.

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Nuclear PowerNuclear power extracts useable energy from atomic nuclei

through controlled nuclear reactions.

Nuclear reactors heat water to produce steam, which is then converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating

electricity or propulsion.

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Solar PowerSolar power is harnessing the sun's energy to produce

electricity.

Photovoltaic cells, also called solar panels, are used to capture this energy.

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WindWind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useable

form by wind turbines.

Wind power is typically converted into electricity or mechanical energy.

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Renewable EnergyThink about these different sources of energy.

How are they able to be renewed? Why do they not run out?

Discuss with your table.

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6 A renewable energy source is defined as an energy source that has little impact on the environment.

True

False

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6 A renewable energy source is defined as an energy source that has little impact on the environment.

True

False

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False

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7 Renewable energy sources:

A have only existed for about 100 years

B cannot be replaced once they're used up

C are always man-made

D do not run out

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7 Renewable energy sources:

A have only existed for about 100 years

B cannot be replaced once they're used up

C are always man-made

D do not run out [This object is a pull tab]

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D

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8 Can renewable energy only be used on a small scale?

Yes

No

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8 Can renewable energy only be used on a small scale?

Yes

No

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No

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9 Energy produced using heat from the Earth is called ___.

A hydroelectric power

B geothermal power

C solar power

D biomass

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9 Energy produced using heat from the Earth is called ___.

A hydroelectric power

B geothermal power

C solar power

D biomass

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B

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10 This is a:

A nuclear reactor

B geothermal power plant

C photovoltaic cell

D biodiesel plant

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10 This is a:

A nuclear reactor

B geothermal power plant

C photovoltaic cell

D biodiesel plant[This object is a pull tab]

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A

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Renewable Energy UseThis is a graphic showing World Energy Consumption by

Source (in 2010).

How much of the energy that we use is renewable? What types of renewable energy are used the most?

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11 Renewable energy makes up about what amount of the word's total energy consumption?

A a little less than half

B 5%

C 1/5

D 1/4

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11 Renewable energy makes up about what amount of the word's total energy consumption?

A a little less than half

B 5%

C 1/5

D 1/4[This object is a pull tab]

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C

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12 Based on data from 2010, what type of renewable energy is used more than any other type?

A biomass

B solar

C wind

D hydroelectric

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12 Based on data from 2010, what type of renewable energy is used more than any other type?

A biomass

B solar

C wind

D hydroelectric[This object is a pull tab]

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A

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Non-Renewable Energy

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What is Non-Renewable Energy?If renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that is not in danger of being used up because it can be recreated

relatively quickly, then what do you think non-renewable energy is?

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Non-Renewable EnergyNon-renewable energy come from sources that will run out or

will not be replenished in our lifetimes - or in many many lifetimes.

Non-renewable energy sources cannot be renewed, meaning they will run out before more is produced.

Can you think of some examples of non-renewable energy? Write your ideas in the box.

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Non-Renewable EnergyNon-renewable energy sources are referred to as

fossil fuels. These include:

coalpetroleum / crude oil

natural gas

Other non-renewable sources are:

uranium (used in nuclear power*)

*Nuclear energy itself is renewable; however uranium - the material used in nuclear power plants - is not. Therefore

nuclear power can be considered both renewable and non-renewable.

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Fossil FuelsCarbon is the main element in fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels formed about 360 to 300 million years ago.

It is called the Carboniferous Period because fossil fuels have so much carbon.

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Fossil FuelsFossils fuels formed when dead plants and animals drifted to

the bottom of seabeds and were eventually crushed under rocks and sediment that piled up on top of them.

The high heat and pressure created turned these organisms into fossil fuels.

That is why there are now underground pockets (reservoirs) of fossil fuels all over the world.

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CoalCoal is a black or brownish rock. Coal is mined out of the

ground and then it is burned to create energy.

About half of the electricity in the United States comes from coal.

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Petroleum / Crude OilPetroleum, also called oil or crude oil, is a liquid fossil fuel

that is trapped in underground rock formations.

Sometimes oils bubbles up onto Earth's surface itself, but usually it is deep underground and we must drill to get it.

About half of the world's oil is converted into gasoline.

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Natural GasNatural gas is also trapped underground. It is made up

mostly of methane, which smells like rotten eggs.

Like petroleum, natural gas must be drilled since it is far underground. Unlike petroleum, natural gas does not exist in

big pockets, so a process called fracking is often used to break apart rocks and release the natural gas they hold.

We often use natural gas for heating and cooking.

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13 Fossil fuels must be mined or extracted before they can be used.

True

False

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13 Fossil fuels must be mined or extracted before they can be used.

True

False

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True

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14 Fossil fuels are made mostly of:

A methane

B carbon

C gas

D liquid

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14 Fossil fuels are made mostly of:

A methane

B carbon

C gas

D liquid

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B

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15 Nuclear power can only be considered a renewable energy source.

True

False

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15 Nuclear power can only be considered a renewable energy source.

True

False

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False

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16 Were non-renewable energy sources created recently?

Yes

No

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16 Were non-renewable energy sources created recently?

Yes

No

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No

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17 Gasoline is made from:

A coal

B uranium

C natural gas

D petroleum

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17 Gasoline is made from:

A coal

B uranium

C natural gas

D petroleum

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D

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18 What are the three main types of non-renewable energy? (not a clicker question) Students type their answers here

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Activity 1: Solar CollectorHow can light energy from the sun be converted into useable

heat energy?

In this activity, you will build a solar collector.

See how a device can collect light energy from the sun and convert it into heat energy that can be used for cooking!

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Activity 2: Solar SunflowerHow can light energy from the sun be converted into kinetic

energy?

In this activity, you build a solar sunflower.

See one way that a device can be built to convert solar energy into kinetic energy!

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Lab: Design & Build an Energy DeviceHow can energy be captured and converted?

In this activity, you get to design and build your own device that converts energy from one form to another.

You are the designer, builder, and tester, so get ready to use what you learned in the last two activities and use your own imagination and creativity! What will you use to build yours?

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Environmental Impacts

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Environmental ImpactsThe way humans use energy effects the environment in

many ways.

Whether energy comes from a renewable or non-renewable source, it impacts the environment.

Sometimes the energy source itself is considered "clean" or renewable, but the way that humans extract and/or convert

that energy has many effects on the environment.

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What are some environmental impacts?Can you think of different ways human energy use might

impact the environment?

Discuss with your tables and write your ideas in the box.

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Environmental ImpactsHere are some ways energy consumption can effect the

environment:

create air pollutionemit greenhouse gases

produce hazardous wasteemit metals

contribute to acid raincan be deadly or catastrophic

use large amounts of water during production

Did you think of some of these?

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Air PollutionAir pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, and other harmful materials into the Earth's

atmosphere.

These materials are capable of causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living organisms (animal and plants), and damage to the natural or built environments

around them. These materials are often introduced into the atmosphere through energy production.

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Greenhouse GasesSometimes human energy use releases gases into the air

that trap heat and make the planet warmer. These gases are called greenhouse gases.

The largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions are burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation.

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Hazardous WasteThe processes through which energy sources are processed

sometime produce hazardous waste. This means that the material that is left over from the processing is harmful to

humans or the environment. Hazardous waste is difficult to get rid of.

Nuclear energy, in particular, creates a large amount of hazardous waste.

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Acid RainThe production of energy can also contribute to acid rain,

rainfall that is polluted and causes environmental harm. Acid rain acidifies streams and lakes, can cause damage to trees,

and also make buildings, statues, and sculptures decay quickly.

The main cause of acid rain is burning of coal and other fossil fuels. The waste gases from this process combine with water

in the atmosphere to form acid.

acid rains' effect on a sculptureacid rains' effect on a forest

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Deadly or Catastrophic EffectsSome of the ways we produce energy have the potential to

be deadly or catastrophic to people or the environment.

Dam failures, oil spills, drilling accidents, coal mine collapses, and nuclear meltdowns are all possible as humans use these

source of energy.

a bird caught in an oil spill a collapsed coal mine

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Use Large Amounts of WaterEnergy generation, particularly electricity generation, often

involves the consumption of water resources.

When water is removed from lakes or rivers, as it sometimes is, the aquatic life in those areas are affected. Sometimes

water flow is impacted, particularly with hydroelectric power that uses dams, altering the natural flow of water in a habitat.

Other energy production methods put polluted water back into the environment, hurting the wildlife that relies on it.

Click picture to view an infographic about water and energy.

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19 Humans usually use natural sources for energy without impacting the environment.

True

False

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19 Humans usually use natural sources for energy without impacting the environment.

True

False

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False

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20 A renewable energy source cannot negatively impact the environment.

True

False

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20 A renewable energy source cannot negatively impact the environment.

True

False

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False

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21 What does energy production sometimes emit that causes the Earth to heat up?

A acid

B greenhouse gases

C polluted water

D oil

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21 What does energy production sometimes emit that causes the Earth to heat up?

A acid

B greenhouse gases

C polluted water

D oil

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B

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22 Which of the following is true about water?

A The way we convert energy requires a lot of water.

B There is so much water in the world that we can use as much as we need.

C Using too much water is not much of a problem.

D It is easy to get water anywhere.

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22 Which of the following is true about water?

A The way we convert energy requires a lot of water.

B There is so much water in the world that we can use as much as we need.

C Using too much water is not much of a problem.

D It is easy to get water anywhere.

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A

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23 It is easy to choose one type of energy source that has the smallest impact on the environment and can meet all our energy needs.

True

False

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23 It is easy to choose one type of energy source that has the smallest impact on the environment and can meet all our energy needs.

True

False

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False

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Complicated Impacts

This graphic gives us an idea of how complicated it is to try to figure out the best possible energy solution.

Different energy sources have different impacts, and depending on what a person or a place cares about most, it affects what type of energy is used.

Overall, though, it is true that non-renewable resources often have a large negative affect on the environment.

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Research ProjectWhere are energy and fuels derived from?

How do the use of energy and fuels affect the environment?

In this research project, you will become an expert on one energy type and then find a way to communicate what you

have learned to others.

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