5 10 a_1 iufro session a #3 dubey

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    NTFPs- Current Scenario About 100 million people in India

    live in and around forests to get a

    part of their livelihood from NTFPs

    About 70 million are tribals -mostly

    forest dwellers

    Women are the main gatherers &

    earners from NTFPs

    Family is the basic unit aroundwhich the social organization of the

    tribal society takes its form

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    NTFPs Classification in IndiaShiva and Mathur, 1996

    GROUP-I

    NTFPs of Animal Origin

    - Honey & Bees Wax

    - Lac & Shellac

    - Tussar and Other Silk

    - Insects and Animal-Hides, Skins and Feathers- Horns, Bones and Shellac-Ivory and Musk

    NTFPs of Mineral Origin

    -Mica, Sand, Gravel

    -Other Minerals

    GROUP-II

    Services-Tourism, Recreation, Wildlife

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    National Forest Policy, 1988

    Their domestic requirements of fuelwood,

    fodder, minor forest produce and constructiontimber should be the first charge on forestproduce.

    Protection, regeneration and optimum collection

    of minor forest produce along with institutionalarrangements for the marketing of such

    produce.

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    Issues in NTFPs ManagementIssues in NTFPs Management 3000 plants species which yield NTFPs (CSIR, 1985) 150 excluding medicinal plants, are commercially

    exploited Little is known of the actual production, use, and the

    way of marketing

    The state forest department is responsible for NTFPsdevelopment process, from inventory to productmarketing

    Absence of a definite action plan at state and nationallevel for extraction and marketing

    Collection, processing, and marketing continue tooperate in a traditional way in most parts of thecountry.

    Non-sustainable harvesting Lacking of Value-added NTFPs

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    Constraints to NTFPs Sector

    Local markets are thin, a smallchange in supply has large effect on

    the market

    High transportation cost in movingNTFPs from rural to urban centers

    Ineffective policies and legislations

    Production and processing methodsare rudimentary

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    Marketing of NTFPs

    Mostly Gathered from Forest

    Production Often Seasonal

    Producers Frequently Poor/Landless

    Quantity is Small at HHs Level

    % of Sale Price Received Extremely Small Information on Exploitation lacking

    Weak links to official Marketing System

    Limited Marketing Practices

    Non Existence of Marketing information

    Lack of Marketing Capabilities

    Poor Institutional and Infrastructure Support

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    Common NTFPs Market Channels

    Th E l it ti N t f NTFP M k t

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    The Exploitative Nature of NTFPs Market

    Bigger Trader/Manufacture

    NTFP

    NTFP

    NTFP

    Consumer

    Collector

    Local

    Trader/Agent

    Export

    Processing

    [Curved Arrows depict the financial flow]

    NTFP

    [Size of circle depicts the value of NTFPs]

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    A Tribal Family Income

    Agriculture Cattle Other Employment Forests

    Forest (50%)

    Agriculture

    (18%)

    Cattle(14%)

    Other

    Empl

    oyment

    (18%)

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    Time Utilisation by Male &

    Female adults in a Tribal FamilyAgriculture

    (18%)

    Cattle(14%)

    Other

    Labour

    Agriculture

    LEISURE

    NTFPCollection

    Other

    Labour Household

    NTFP

    Collection

    Agriculture

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    NTFPs & RURAL LIVELIHOOD

    Safety nets for rural households incomein lean agriculture season or when crop

    failure Gathering and marketing at the locallevel are mostly done by women andchildren

    Empowering women and increase their

    contribution to household incomes

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    Marketing of NTFPs in M.P.

    State Controlled NTFPs

    Leased NTFPs

    NTFPs under free trade

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    Important NTFPs Markets in MP & India

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    State Management of NTFPs

    State Forest Department had nominal controlon the trade of any NTFPs

    Nationalisation of tendu leaves in 1964 Contracts for collection of tendu leaves from

    government lands were awarded to privateparties The petty traders purchase leaves grown on

    agriculture lands

    The revenue received by the government wasvery low, compared to the profit earned bythe contractors

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    Objectives of Nationalization

    To control the theft of tendu leaves from

    the forest and other government lands;

    To enhance the state revenue To ensure payment of proper wages to

    the tendu leaf pluckers and

    To free the downtrodden from theclutches of the middlemen and traders

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    NTFPs Contribution to Total Export

    Economic Significance of NTFPs

    1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91

    NTFPs Contribution (%)Total Exports(%

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    NTFPs Production & Employment Potential

    Economic Significance of NTFPs

    0

    2,000,000

    4,000,000

    6,000,000

    8,000,000

    10,000,000

    12,000,000

    14,000,000

    Current Production Potential Production Current Employment Potential Emplyment

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    P i S d i Ph ll th bli

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    Price Spread in Phyllanthus emblicaChannel-I (Annola

    Collector

    Tribal Agent

    Primary WholesalerSecondary Wholesaler

    Channel-II (Annoa)l

    Collector

    Tribal Agent

    Primary Wholesaler

    Channel-III (Annola

    Collector

    Tribal Agent

    Secondary Wholesale

    Channel-IV (Annola)

    Collector

    Primary Wholesaler

    Secondary Wholesaler

    Channel-V (Annola)

    Collector

    Primary Wholesaler

    Channel-VI (Annola)

    Collector

    Secondary Wholesaler

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    C o l le c t io n o f D i o s p y ro s m e lo n o x ylo n in M P

    0

    1 0 0 0

    2 0 0 0

    3 0 0 0

    4 0 0 0

    5 0 0 0

    6 0 0 0

    7 0 0 0

    8 0 0 0

    1965

    -66

    1967

    -68

    1969

    -70

    1971

    -72

    1973

    -74

    1975

    -76

    1977

    -78

    1979

    -80

    1981

    -82

    1983

    -84

    1985

    -86

    1987

    -88

    1989

    -90

    1991

    -92

    1993

    -94

    1995

    -96

    1997

    -98

    1999

    -00

    2001

    -02

    2003

    -04

    2005

    -06

    Yea

    Collec

    tionin000'SB

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    Value R ece iv ed for Diospyros melonoxylon in M P & C

    0

    50 0

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    1989

    -90

    1990

    -91

    1991

    -92

    1992

    -93

    1993

    -94

    1994

    -95

    1995

    -96

    1996

    -97

    1997

    -98

    1998

    -99

    1999

    -00

    2000

    -01

    2001

    -02

    2002

    -03

    2003

    -04

    2004

    -05

    2005

    -06

    2006

    -07

    Yea

    ValueinMI

    NR

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    Volum e vs Collection Rate in Diospyros melonoxy

    1989

    -90

    1990

    -91

    1991

    -92

    1992

    -93

    1993

    -94

    1994

    -95

    1995

    -96

    1996

    -97

    1997

    -98

    1998

    -99

    1999

    -00

    2000

    -01

    2001

    -02

    2002

    -03

    2003

    -04

    2004

    -05

    2005

    -06

    2006

    -07

    2007

    -08

    Year

    Collection Rate per SB Collection in 000, S

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    C olle ct ion of T e rminal ia chebu lain M P & Ch hatis

    0

    10000

    20000

    30000

    40000

    50000

    60000

    Years

    1971

    -72

    1973

    -74

    1975

    -76

    1977

    -78

    1979

    -80

    1981

    -82

    1983

    -84

    1985

    -86

    1987

    -88

    1989

    -90

    1991

    -92

    1993

    -94

    1995

    -96

    1997

    -98

    1999

    -00

    2001

    -02

    Collecti

    onin000'kg

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    V a lu e R e c e i v e d f o r T e r m in a lia c h

    0

    5

    1 0

    1 5

    2 0

    2 5

    3 0

    3 5

    4 0

    4 5

    1 9 9 4 - 95 1 9 9 5 -9 6 1 9 9 6 -9 7 1 9 9 7 -9 8 1 9 9 8 -9 9 1 9 9 9 -0 0 2 0 0 0 - 01 2 0 0 1 - 02 2 0 0 2 - 03

    Y e a

    Valu

    einMI

    NR

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    Volume vs Collection Rate in Terminalia chebul

    1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

    Year

    Collection rate in INR per '000kg Quantity collected in '000kg

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    Empowerment for Poverty Eradication

    To raise NTFPs Collector's incomes and

    improve quality of life

    Organize Rural Womens

    Groups

    & their Federations

    Knowledge & Awareness

    Investment Support

    Government Departments

    Financial Institutions

    Panchayati Raj Institutions

    Markets & other

    Institutions

    Self Help Groups (SHGs) Networks

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    Self Help Groups (SHGs) Networksof the Poor

    SHGs

    Village

    Organization

    Block

    Committe

    e

    Group level NTFPs Collection

    Thrift and credit activities

    Monitoring

    Executive Committee from SHGs Strengthening for Marketing NTFPs

    Arrange line of credit to the SHGs

    Social action & Support activities

    Village development

    Executive Committee from Village Organization

    Support to Village Organizations for Marketing

    Secure linkage with Govt. Departments,

    Financial Institutions & Markets

    Monitoring of the Groups

    Micro Finance Functions

    10 - 15

    SHGsSHGsSHGsSHGsSHGs

    The Strategic Interventions Required

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    The Strategic Interventions RequiredNo Essentials of NTFP

    MarketingIntervention

    1 Non-destructiveharvesting of NTFPs

    A record of NTFPs collectionat Gram Sabha level

    A procedure to ensure non-destructive harvesting

    2 Tackling the exploitativenature of the NTFPsmarket

    The Pharmaceutical /NTFPsCompanies to procure rawmaterial from Gram Sabha (or

    SGHs of gram sabha) or fromknown dealers who in turnhave procured from gramsabha

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    No Essentials of NTFPs Marketing

    Intervention

    3 Ensuring greater

    financial return &employmentgeneration to thelocal people

    Local processing of NTFPs

    Microfinance (revolving funds)

    Optimum utilization of both maleand female capabilities

    4 Improving the well-being of the tribalwoman

    Improving the health of the forest&promoting NTFPs regeneration

    Greater financial return to womenwith focus on the needs of the

    familyMale members to be involved toreduce resource wastage & toutilize their capacity to the optimum

    Strategic Intervention to Ensure Better

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    Strategic Intervention to Ensure Better

    Return to the Primary Collector

    ExportLocal Trader/

    Manufacture

    [Curved Arrows depict the financial flow]

    NTFP

    Consumer

    Local Processing

    A

    Bargained

    tr

    ansac

    tion

    Collector

    Big Trader/

    Manufacture

    NTFP

    NTFPNTFP

    [Size of circle depicts the value of NTFP]

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    Improve Regulations & Policies Affecting

    the Development of NTFPs

    Rules governing production and trade ofNTFPs should be transparent

    Need to allow rural communities to get moreinvolved in value addition & trade of NTFPs

    Remove high barriers to entry for ruralcommunities to engage in large-scale tradeand exports

    Need to eliminate blocks which increasetransaction costs

    Need to harmonize NTFPs policies topromote integration of regional markets

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    Commercialization of NTFPs

    Big traders & manufacturers to depend on

    micro-enterprises for supply of semi-processed

    NTFPs

    Big traders can invest on skill enhancement formicro-entrepreneur and adopt a transparent

    system of procurement

    The Gram Sabha should have a record of all

    NTFPs collected quantities to ensure non-

    destructive harvesting

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    Effect of Va lue Ad dition - Le af

    0

    1 0

    2 0

    3 0

    4 0

    5 0

    6 0

    7 0

    8 0

    9 0

    10 0

    P la in Mou lded Mou lded C u t

    T ype s of Leaf Pl

    PriceinINR

    for25pieces

    14"Diamet

    12"Diamet

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    Variations in Leaf Plate

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    Diameter Size in Inch

    Plain

    Moulded Plate

    Moulded Cut

    Moulded Bowl

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    V a l u e A d d i t i o n

    0

    2 0

    4 0

    6 0

    8 0

    1 0 0

    1 2 0

    1 4 0

    1 6 0

    1 8 0

    R a w P r o c e s s e d O p e n P r o c e s s e d P a c k

    T y p e s o f

    rce

    n

    per

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    V a l u e A d d i t i o n i

    0

    5

    1 01 5

    2 0

    2 5

    3 0

    3 54 0

    A a t i w i t h S e e d P h o o l S e e d l e s s B r i c k s

    T y p e s o f T a

    rce

    n

    per

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    Thank You.