1. 1. Diphthong Presentation Format Transcription Pronunciation DIPHTHONGS Eka Andriyani, S.Pd., M.Hum
2. 2. What is a diphthong? Diphthong is a vowel sound in which the tongue changes position to produce the sound of two vowels. (Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary) Diphthong is a single sound produced when two vowels (one dominant in duration and stress, and one reduced in duration and stress), are paired together in a sequence. (Linda I. House: Introductory Phonetics and Phonology).
3. 3. There are eight diphthongs commonly used in English. They are: /e/, /a/, //, /a/, //, //, /e/, and //.
4. 4. It is important to note that the close combination of the two vowels causes each of the vowels to lose its pure quality. For instance, the // in [a] is quite different from the // in [t]. In phonological patterns, diphthongs are labeled using a single V (not V V) because they act as one sound. Although diphthongs are considered as the combination of two vowels, never put the length marker () when combine and transcribe them in phonetic symbols.
5. 5. PRESENTATION FORMAT: Diphthongs : The First Vowels: The Second Vowels: Closeness: Frontness: Rounding: Closeness: Frontness: Rounding: [e] open-mid front unrounded near-close near-front unrounded [a] open back unrounded near-close near-front unrounded [] mid central unrounded near-close near-back rounded [a] open back unrounded near-close near-back rounded [] open-mid back rounded near-close near-front unrounded [] near-close near-front unrounded mid central unrounded [e] open-mid front unrounded mid central unrounded [] near-close near-back rounded mid central unrounded
6. 6. Because diphthongs are composed of vowels, they are also described using the parameters of closeness (height), frontness, and rounding. The parameters are listed using vowel closeness (height), frontness, and rounding of the first vowel and then followed by the second vowel. Thus, to make a sound parameter of /e/ for example, we can describe it as: /e/ is an open-mid, front, unrounded vowel moving to near-close, near-front, unrounded vowel .
7. 7. The Phonetic Transcriptions of the English Diphthongs in Words: Diphthong: Word: Phonetic Transcription: [e] pay /pe/ [a] five /fav/ [] home /hm/ [a] now /na/ [] join /dn/ [] near /n(r)/ [e] hair /he(r)/ [] pure /pj(r)/
8. 8. /aI/ The /a/ is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while // is shorter and unstressed. Time /tam/ Fly /fla/ Tie /ta/ (1)
9. 9. /a/ The /a/ is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while the // is shorter and unstressed. Cow /ka/ Loud /lad/ How /ha/ (2)
10. 10. // The // in longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while the // is shorter and unstressed. Boy /b/ Boil /bl/ Oil /l/ (3)
11. 11. /e/ The /e/ is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while the // is shorter and unstressed. Say /se/ Brain /bren/ Game /gem/ (4)
12. 12. /e/ The /e/ is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while the // is shorter and unstressed. There /e(r)/ Bear /be(r)/ Share /e(r)/ (5)
13. 13. // The // is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while // is shorter and unstressed. Here /h(r)/ Dear /d(r)/ Gear /g(r)/ (6)
14. 14. // The // is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while // is shorter and unstressed. Pure /pj(r)/ Purify /pjrfa/ Youre /j(r)/ (7)
15. 15. // The // is longer in duration and forms the nucleus of the diphthong, while // is shorter and unstressed. Toast /tst/ Coke /kk/ Globe /glb/ (8)
16. 16. Diphthongs can appear in the initial, medial, or final position of words, such as in: aisle /aIl/ initial position bear /be(r)/ medial position buy /ba/ final position To label the combinations and the order of phonemes in a syllable or a word, the phonological patterns are used. For examples: aisle /aIl/ = VC (Vowel-Consonant) bear /be(r)/ = CVC (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant) buy /ba/ = CV (Consonant-Vowel)
17. 17. EXERCISE: Transcribe the following contrast into phonetics and label the phonological pattern (remember the diphthong counts as one V (vowel)). For example: night [nait] = CVC (n ai t) C V C
18. 18. WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION LABEL : WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIO N LABEL: mice ? mouse ? bye ? bout ? high ? how ? file ? fowl ? find ? found ? type ? taste ? bite ? bound ? dine ? down ? nine ? noun ? ply ? plow ?
19. 19. WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION LABEL : WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIO N LABEL: toy ? tie ? say ? brain ? boy ? buy ? voice ? vise ? point ? pain ? oil ? aisle ? poise ? pie ? coke ? globe ? dear ? hear ?
20. 20. ANSWER:
21. 21. WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION LABEL : WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIO N LABEL: mice [mas] CVC mouse [mas] CVC bye [ba] CV bout [bat] CVC high [ha] CV how [ha] CV file [fal] CVC fowl [fal] CVC find [fand] CVCC found [fand] CVCC type [tap] CVC taste [test] CVCC bite [bat] CVC bound [band] CVCC dine [dan] CVC down [dan] CVC nine [nan] CVC noun [nan] CVC ply [pla] CCV plow [pla] CCV
22. 22. WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION LABEL : WORD: PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIO N LABEL: toy [t] CV tie [ta] CV say [se] CV brain [bren] CCVC boy [b] CV buy [ba] CV voice [vs] CVC vise [vas] CVC point [pnt] CVCC pain [pen] CVC oil [l] VC aisle [al] VC poise [pz] CVC pie [pa] CV coke [kk] CVC globe [glb] CCVC dear [d(r)] CVC hear [h(r)] CVC