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Experiment no. 5Electrical Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts

Submitted By:Group No.2 of Section ES11FB4

OBJECTIVES:1.1 To classify substances as electrolyte and non-electrolyte.1.2 To identify the properties of acids, bases and salt.

Date Performed:August 2, 2013

Date Submitted:August 16, 2013

Engr. Renato AgustinProfessor

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

THEORY:

Substances in nature appear either in the pure form or as components of a mixture. When mixtures are formed, the pure components may be recovered by employing physical separation processes. Some of the common separation processes are filtration, evaporation, extraction, sublimation, distillation and magnetic attraction.

1 Set Test Tube1 Test tube Rack1 Test tube Brush1 Test Tube Holder1 Stirring Rod1 Watch Glass1 50 ml Beaker6 250 ml Beaker1 Medicine Dropper1 Conductivity apparatus

Litmus PaperEthyl AlcoholGlycerinCa(OH)2 SolutionNH4OH (diluted)30% (w/w) Sugar SolutionMethyl OrangePhenolphthalein

CaSO4 SolutionKCl SolutionCaCl2 SolutionNaCl Solution2M NaOH1 M Silver Nitrate2M HCl2M HNO3

2M H2SO4

2M KOHHAc (concentrated and 2M)NaHCO3 PowderNaCl CrystalsZinc Dust/ Mossy Zinc

PROCEDURE:

1. As the experiment is conducted, accomplish the schematic diagram provided on the next page to show the separation of mixture.

2. Prepare the following substances: table salt, food color powder, naphthalene or moth balls and iron filings. Note the properties of each substance and accomplish Table 3.1.

3. Prepare a mixture consisting of the above substances and spread the mixture thinly on a piece of white paper. Pass a magnet under the paper moving it from the center towards the side of the paper until separation of some components is observed.

4. Transfer the remaining mixture into a beaker, add 25 ml of water and stir well. Filter off the undissolved solids and save both the residue and the filtrate Note the color of the filtrate.

5. Transfer the filtrate from step 4 to the beaker and add 1 gram of activated charcoal. Heat the solution to boiling with stirring and continue boiling for 2 minutes. Filter and save the filtrate for the next step.

6. Carefully transfer the residue from step 4 into an evaporating dish. Cover the dish with perforated filter paper and on top of the dish with a low flame until some solids deposit on the walls of the funnel. Save both the deposit and the residue.

7. Heat and evaporate the filtrate from procedure 5 to dryness. Cool and identify the residue.

OBSERVATION:

Attract with magnet

Mixture

NaCl, Food Color, NaphthaleneFe

+ H2O / Filter

Food Color, H2O, NaCl

Food Color and CharcoalNaCl, H2O

NaCl

Heat

Charcoal /Filter

DATA AND RESULTS:

SUBSTANCE PHYSICAL STATE

COLOR ODOR MAGENTIC PROPERTY

LUSTER

Fe Filings powdered brown attracted dullNaCl Powder powdered white not attracted shinyFood ColorNaphthalene Powder powdered white not attracted shiny

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Table 3.1

Naphthalene (residue)

Heat /Evaporation

CONCLUSION:

QUESTION AND ANSWERS:

1. Refer to procedure no. 3.1.1 Which component was separated?

Components of iron filings were separated from other components.1.2 What do you call this type of separation?

This type of separation is called magnetic attraction or separation.1.3 When do you use this method of separation?

We use this type of separation when we separate metal from other non-metal components.

2. Refer to procedure no. 4.2.1 What method of separation was utilized?

This method of separation is called filtration.

2.2 When do you use this method of separation?We use this type of separation to separate the liquid from the solids, mostly suspensions. The residue is then collected on the filter paper.

2.3 Which components dissolved in water?

Components that dissolved in the water are the food color and the NaCl.

2.4 Which components are in the residue?Naphthalene components were separated.

3. Refer to procedure no. 5.3.1 What method of separation was employed?

3.2 When do you use this type of separation?

3.3 Identify the solid deposit and the residue.

4. Refer to procedure no. 6.4.1 Identify the method of separation employed.

4.2 Compare the color of the filtrate with that obtained in step 3.

4.3 Which components were left in the residue?

5. Refer to procedure no. 7.5.1 Describe the residue.

5.2 When do you use this type of separation?