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IES FRAY PEDRO DE URBINA. GEO. AND HISTORY DEPARTMENT

FEUDAL EUROPE FROM 12THCENTURY. THE TRIUMPH OF MONARCHIES

1. National monarchi!.

Between the ninth and twelfth centuie! the feudal "#nachie! e$eci!ed n# eal

%#we #&e thei teit#ie! in the a'!ence #f !ufficient financial e!#uce! t#

"aintain thei #wn a"( and ad"ini!tati#n. The feudal l#d! c#nt#lled all the

le&e! #f %#we.

F#" the twelfth centu() a %ei#d #f ec#n#"ic and %#%ulati#n *#wth that will

!ten*then the "#nachie! #ccued. The e$%an!i#n wa! 'a!ed #n !e&eal ea!#n!+

a, The end #f the in&a!i#n!. The -iin*!) Sla&! and Hun*aian! wh# had 'een

attacin* and %lundein* /!a0ueand#, Eu#%e will !ettle and f#" feudal in*d#"!.

Mu!li"! will l#!e thei c#n0ue# '##!t /e"%u1e, with the di&i!i#n! #f the

2ali%hate #f Ba*hdad.

', The a%%licati#n #f new a*icultual techni0ue! !uch a! "#uld'#ad %l#u*h)

(#e!) wind and wate "ill!) !electi#n #f !eed! and fetili3in* !#il "ae! f##d

%#ducti#n *#w. The %#%ulati#n e$%eienced a *#wth !ta*e.

c, The *#wth #f intenati#nal tade and the e!u*ence #f citie!. Incea!ed

a*icultual %#ducti#n #i*inated !u%lu!e! /e$cedente!, that wee all#cated

/de!tinad#!, t# l#cal # e*i#nal tade. Be!ide the elati&e !afet( #f #ad!

!ti"ulated the ceati#n #f #&eland tade #ute! f#" the Mediteanean Sea t#

the N#th Sea and the Baltic. In citie! de&el#%ed a new cla!! #f "echant! andcaft!"en) the '#u*e#i!ie) wh# wee #*ani3ed int# *uild! and '#theh##d!

#ut!ide the feudal !(!te".

2. Ma" o# #$%al E$ro".

The H#l( R#"an E"%ie) hei t# the e"%ie #f 2hale"a*ne) 'eca"e "#e Ge"an

with Hen( I and Ott# I. It wa! #*ani3ed a! a c#nfedeati#n #f diffeent

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teit#ie! and %e#%le! unde the 4the#etical4 c#nt#l #f an e"%e# wh# i!

elected.

Ott# I *#t t# fi*ht the Hun*aian! and ceate "a! #n the ea!t. Hi! !ucce!!#!

a*ued that the hi*he!t %#litical auth#it( in the w#ld 'el#n*ed t# the E"%e#

a! well a! the hi*he!t eli*i#u! auth#it( #f the P#%e. B#th e%eatedl( cla!hed

#&e the a%%#int"ent #f 'i!h#%! /the In&e!titue 5uael) 6789:66;;, # the

d#"ain #f the Italian teit#ie! /!tu**le! 'etween Guel%h! !u%%#te! #f the

P#%e :Milan) Fl#ence) Pa&ia...: and Ghi'elline! !u%%#te! #f the e"%e# :Pi!a)

Siena)

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&. Th cr$!a%!.

The( wee a !eie! #f "ilita( e$%editi#n! de&el#%ed f#" the ele&enth centu(

/67>@, until 6;>6. Thei *#al wa! t# c#n0ue the H#l(

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%e#%le wh# ca"e t# the Pa%ac(! call! i"'ued '( a eli*i#u! 3eal and ea*e t# *ain

the indul*ence!.

Of all the cu!ade! the "#!t i"%#tant wa! the Fi!t 2u!ade) that "ana*ed t#

eca%tue eu!ale" /67>>, and diffeent teit#ie! in the Ea!t. ith the" the

in*d#" #f eu!ale") wh#!e fi!t in* wa! G#dfe( #f B#uill#n) wa! e!ta'li!hed.

The la!t in* wa! Baldwin - 4the

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Te"%le #f eu!ale") Ode #f the H#!%italle! #f St. #hn) Ode #f the

Teut#nic ni*ht!...