5. portfolio analysis
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5. Portfolio Analysis5. Portfolio Analysis
A B Raju A B Raju
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Portfolio Analysis
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The Formulation of Strategy
New planning perspective is based on three centralpremises -
A need to view and manage the company·s
businesses in similar way to an investmentportfolio
An emphasis upon each business·s futureprofit potential
The adoption of strategic perspective to themanagement of each business
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Strategic Business Unit
The starting point for portfolio analysis involvesidentifying the organization·s Strategic Business
Units (SBU), being an element of the business as awhole which -
Offers scope for independent planning
Has its own set of competitors
Has a manager with direct profit
responsibility who also has control over theprofit influencing factors
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BCG Matrix
GE Matrix Shell Directional Policy Matrix
Arthur D.Little Strategic Condition Matrix
Approaches to Portfolio Analysis
A variety of approaches to portfolio analysis andplanning have been developed, the best are -
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Approaches to Portfolio Analysis
The conceptual underpinnings in each case arebroadly similar, i.e. S.B.U.·s competitive position
and market attractiveness/potential. Each modelhas separate guidelines. These models have helped
managers to think strategically and to considereconomies of their business in greater detail. Butcritics have argued that the models are oversimplistic in their structure and often require data
inputs which are complex and difficult to obtain.Because of this there usage level is low
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Porter¶s 5 Forces Model
The bargaining power of suppliers
The bargaining power of customers
The threat of new entrants
The threat of substitute products The intensity of competitive rivalry
Marketing Strateg y i s t o be based on detailedunderstanding of corporate capability andcompetitive advantage. PORTER suggests toconsider the following for deciding the strategy -
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The generic strategies that P
ORTER
identifies asbeing open to an organization are -
Porter¶s Generic Strategies
Cost leadership
Differentiation Focus
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The failure to pursue one of the generic strategypositions is likely to lead to a confused strategic
message both internally and externally and to theorganization being stuck in the middle. Any
strategy needs to be based on a firm of corporatecapability and particularly its competitiveadvantage
Porter¶s Generic Strategies
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Porter¶s Value Chain
In formulating the strategy one should keep inmind to include Porter's value chain -
Primary Activities
Marketing audit Inbound logistics ² Operations
Outbound logistics ² Marketing and Sales andService
Support Activities Procurement
Technology development
Human r esour ce and Financial management
The firm¶s infrastructur e
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So organization·s have choice between thefollowing -
Market leader strategy
Market follower strategy Market challenger strategy
Marker nicher strategy
Porter¶s Value Chain
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Marketing Objective
An important marketing objective for manyprivate sector organization is the pursuit of themarket share. The attraction of market share wasexplored and the findings of a research were as
follows - Market share and profitability are strongly
related
In the long run the single most factor
affecting performance is the organization·srelative product/ service quality
Most of the strategic factors that boost ROIalso contribute to long term value
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Marketing Strategy based on PLC
Marketing strategy needs also to take account ofthe stage of market evolution and the positionreached on the product life cycle (PLC) by theproduct or brand. It h a s been concluded that
excellence comes from - A bias for action
Autonomy and entrepreneurship
A closeness to the customers
Productivity through people
Sticking to the knitting
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Hands on value driven
Simple form, lean staff Simultaneous loose-tight properties
Marketing Strategy based on PLC
Use all the method discussed so far, we can give a
strategic direction and strategic formulation for¶·Where do you want to be?µ
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How might we get there? ± StrategicChoice
I
n developing a product strategy, recognitionneeds to be given to the three interrelated elementsof the product -
The product·s physical attributes including
the performance, style and quality
The benefits or the bundle of satisfactionthat it delivers to buyers
The marketing support services i.e. deliver,installation and after sales service
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How might we get there? ± StrategicChoice
T
he relative importance of the elements can varyconsiderably from one product to another withbuyers in some instances being concerned with theproducts physical or objective elements, while in
other cases their concern is predominantly withthe products image and subjective elements.Effective product policy is based on theunderstanding of -
Product life cycle
Portfolio analysis
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Product Strategy Development
I
n developing product strategy, one has toconsider -
Environmental factors
Past performance Organizational objectives
Resource availability
Corporate capability
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T
he elements discussed in the earlier slide, helps indeciding whether to follow -
Product Strategy Development
Market leadership
Market challenging Product following
Me too
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Product Strategy Development
W
ithin the general frame work of the productstrategy, consideration also needs to be given tothe nature of the brand strategy that is to bepursued. Four main alternatives are available -
Corporate umbrella branding Family umbrella branding
Range branding
Individual brandingRegardless of which approach is adapted attentionneeds also to be paid to the various ways in whichbrand can be developed or stretched