5.1 sustainable energy for all vezzoli 14-15_(34)

Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

course System Design for Sustainability (SDS)

learning resource 5.1

Sustainable energy for all


. sustainable development is not possible without a sustainable energy for all

. Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE): key leverage for a sustainable development

. Sustainable Product-Service System (S.PSS): a promising model for Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE)

CONTENTS


1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL


source: http://www.un.org/en/events/sustainableenergyforall/index.shtml


energy is the world’s largest industrial sector whose output is an essential input to almost every good and service

energy services have a profound effect on:. health. food and water security. education. communication services. productivity….

ACCESS TO ENERGY STRONGLY CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE INEQUALITY AND POVERTY


“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY”

the UNITED NATIONS General Assembly (resolution 65/151)…

… has designated “2012 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL”

… and unanimously declared"2014-2024 THE DECADE OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL"


THREE INTER-LINKED OBJECTIVES:to be achieved by 2030 necessary for long-term sustainable development

. ENSURE universal ACCESS to modern energy services

. DOUBLE the rate of improvement in energy EFFICIENCY

. DOUBLE the share of RENEWABLE energy in the global energy mix

SUSTAINABILITY ENERGY FOR ALL: UN AGENDA


THE EXISTING ENERGY SYSTEM IN DEFINITELY UNSUSTAINABLE!

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REQUIRE A PARADIGM SHIFT IN ENERGY SECTOR


2. DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY: KEY LEVERAGE FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY (DRE)

A (THE) PROMISING MODEL AIMING AT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL

a paradigm shift alternative to traditional centralised and non-renewable (e.g. fossil fuels) system of energy generation and distribution


2 CHARACTERISING ELEMENTS

. SYSTEM STRUCTURE: from centralised to decentralised and distributed energy systems

. TYPE OF ENERGY SOURCES: from non-renewable to renewable energy sources

DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY

Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy 12

SYSTEM STRUCTURE: from centralised to decentralised and distributed energy systems

large power plant that deliver energy via great transmission and distribution networks

CENTRALISED ENERGY SYSTEM




small scale generation plants, that deliver energy to local consumer (eventually connected with others)

DECENTRALISED ENERGY SYSTEM




small scale generation plants at the point of use (eventually connected with others)

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM



SYSTEM

STRUCTURE from centralised to decentralised and distributed




GEOTHERMAL

HYDRO

WAVE

WIND

TIDAL

BIOMASSSOLAR

TYPE OF ENERGY SOURCESDISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY


DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY: CHARACTERISTICS

. renewable resources: sun,wind, water, biomass,

geothermal energy

. small-scale generation plants

. generation at or near the point of use

. end-users are the producers: individuals, small businesses and/or communities

. can be connected with each other to share energy surpuls


THE TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIATION OF THE SUN IS ABOUT 50 MILLION GW WHICH IS 10.000 TIMES MORE THAN THE ENERGY USED BY THE WORLD POPULATION

to satisfy the world energy needs would be enough a surface of 500.000 km2 of Photovoltaic panels


how big surface of photovoltaic plants would be enough to meet the (country) Italian demand for energy?

the Italian energy demand is about 340,000 GWh/year

the surface required to install a PV plant to produce 340,000 GWh/year is 2.890 Km2

it would be enough to cover existing building of the Lombardy region to meet the national energy need: around 1% of the total Italian surface


off-grid local mini-grid main grid connected

distributed

decentralized

DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY: CONFIGURATIONS


SYSTEM

STRUCTUREfrom centralised to decentralised and distributed


RESOURCES from non-renewable to renewable

a paradigm shift alternative to traditional centralised and non-renewable (e.g. fossil fuels) system of energy generation and distribution


“A small-scale generation plant sourced by renewable energy resources (such as sun, wind, water, biomass and geothermal energy), at or near the point of use, where the user is the producer, whether an individual, a small business and/or a local community. Nearby generation plants can be connected with each other to share the energy surplus (local mini-grid)”.

[LeNSes proposal, EU Edulink project, 2013-2016]

DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY: DEFINITION


WHY ARE DRE ENVIRONMENTALLY AND SOCIOETHICALLY SUSTAINABLE?

LET’S COMPARE DRE WITH NON-RENEWABLE

CENTRALISED ENERGY SYSTEMS


NON-RENEWABLE + CENTRALISED RENEWABLE + DISTRIBUTED

based on exhausting resources high greenhouse gases emission (global warming)environmental impact of extraction and refinement processes(high energy transmission losses)

based on non-exhaustable resources low greenhouse gases emission lower environmental impact for extraction, transformation, distribution(low energy transmission losses)

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY



SOCIO-ETHICAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

big-scale generation plantsrequire high economic investmentcomplex to be realised and managedlow direct access to resources >low power to individual over their own destiny > widening rich AND poor gap

small generation scale plantsrequire low economic investmenteasy to be installed, maintain and managedallow individuals and local communities install/manage plants > democratisation of access to resources > enhance local employment and dissemination of competences


26

MORE FLEXIBLE AND RESILIENT


SOCIO-ETHICAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY


“the creation of a renewable energy regime, loaded by buildings, partially stored in the form of hydrogen, distributed via an energy internet—a smart intergrid—and connected to plug in zero emission transport, opens the door to a Third Industrial Revolution.”

[Rifkin, 2011]

THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION


1. shifting to renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, ocean waves and biomass)

2. buildings as power plants3. deploying hydrogen and other storage

technologies in every building and throughout the infrastructure to store intermittent energies

4. using internet technology to transform the power grid of every continent into an energy sharing intergrid that acts just like the internet

5. transitioning the transport fleet to electric, plug in and fuel cell vehicles that can buy and sell electricity on a smart continental interactive power grid

PILLARS OF THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

[Rifkin, 2011]


3. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM (S.PSS): A PROMISING MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY (DRE)


… a paradigm shift from traditional individual consumption/ownership systems

PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS (PSS):an offer/business models capable of creating (new) value decoupling it from the materials and energy consumption and reducing the environmental impact

SELLING PRODUCT TO “UNIT OF SATISFACTION”

VALUE INDIVIDUAL OWNERSHIP TO ACCESS

INNOV. TECHNOLOGICAL TO STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION


S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE IN LOW-INCOME CONTEXTS: AN EXAMPLE


SOLAR HOME KITSelectricity + lamps > light

it is environmentally sustainable because it uses the solar energy + it is socioethically sustainable because give to poor people access to useful services + it is economically sustainable because is a business for TSSFA company.

TSSFA company offers to Brasilian rural people a solar home kits that include the hardware to generate solar energy + the installation service + products that use the electricity, e.g. lighting and electrical outlets. Customers sign a three-year service contract (all of the tangible inputs are owned by the provider).


A RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (LeNSes)S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE, SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME (ALL) CONTEXTS:

“A S.PSS approach may act as a business opportunity to facilitate the diffusion of DRE-based value production system (satisfaction system) in low and middle-income (all) contexts, because they reduce/cut both the initial (capital) cost of access to energy and the running cost of maintenance, repairing, upgrade, etc., resulting in a key leverage for a sustainable development process aiming at democratizing access to resources, goods and services.”

[LeNSes proposal, EU edulink project, 2013-2016]


A RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (LeNSes project)S.PSS APPLIED TO DRE: SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES IN LOW/MIDDLE INCOME (ALL) CONTEXTS

+

SELLING PRODUCT TO “UNIT OF SATISFACTION”

CUSTOM. VALUE INDIVIDUAL OWNERSHIP TO ACCESS

INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL TO STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION

CENTRALISED TO DECENTRALISED AND DISTRIBUTED

NON-RENEWABLE TO RENEWABLE

STRUCTURE

RESOURCE

5.1 sustainable energy for all vezzoli 14-15_(34)

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