5.2 Cells: a Look Inside

Why is a cell like a cookie factory?

• A cookie factory has many parts that work together to make it function.

• A cell also has many parts that work together.

• Every cell part has a job or function.

Comparing cells to a factory• This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory

What is the cell membrane?• a thin layer that separates

the inside of the cell from its outside environment.

• keeps the cytoplasm inside

• lets waste products out

• lets nutrients in

• is made out of lipids & proteins

What is the nucleus?

• most visible organelle• is covered with a

membrane that allows materials to pass in and out

• often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA

The nucleolus acts as a storage area for materials.

What are mitochondria?• the “powerhouses” of cells• produce much of the energy

a cell needs to function• rod shaped surrounded by 2 membranes• inner membrane has many

folds• only work if it has oxygen• We breath air to get oxygen

for our mitochondria

What is a vacuole?• the storage area of the cell

• A small, fluid-filled sac

• Vacuoles store water, food, and waste.

• Plant cells usually have one large vacuole to store water

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm.

• transport proteins from one part of the cell to another

• Series of folded & connected tubes

What are Ribosomes?

• the protein factories of the cell.

• When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER

• Some ribosomes float in the cytoplasm

What are Golgi bodies?

• receive proteins and other compounds from the ER.

• package these materials & distribute them to other parts of the cell

• release materials outside the cell

What are Lysosomes?

• contain enzymes that can break things down

• pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles and break them into small pieces that can be reused

What is cytoskeleton?

• a series of fibers made from proteins

• provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape

How are plant cells different?• Plant cells have

chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.

• A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

How are plant cells different?

• Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores cell sap.

• Cell sap is mostly water

• Cell sap gives cell structure

How are plant cells different?

• Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not.

• Made of cellulose

• Cell walls provide structure and support for the plant.