TERM PAPER

TOPIC – RELIBILITY OF INTER CONNECTED

GENERATION SYSTEM

COURSE – ELE 520

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:-

MISS RAMANPREET KAUR SHUBHAM SACHAN

REG. NO. 11104846

ROLL NO. 02

RELIBILITY OF INTERCONNECTED GENERATION

SYSTEM

Authors Name: - Shubham Sachan

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Lovely Professional University

Jalandhar, India

ABSTRACT: A worldwide trend in the

development of power system is to build

interconnections with the goal to achieve economic

benefits. Interconnection can be of with Nuclear

power station at special locations, hydro at remote

areas, solar energy from desert areas and

connection of large off shore wind farm. In some

part of the country there are large resources of

generating power but their requirement is low

whereas in other power requirement is large as

compared to available resources of power. So,

because of isolated plant, the amount of the reserve

capacity would be required to ensure the continuity

of supply, to provide an uninterrupted power

supply.

KEYWORD: Power system reliability,

interconnecting power systems.

1. INTRODUCTION:

In planning studies, the conventional approach for

steady state contingency analysis is to test all

contingencies sequentially for evaluating system

performance and reliability. This analysis consists of

outages of one or more generating units and

transmission lines to study their effects on bus

voltages, generator MVAR outputs and line power

flows. Interconnected system reliability analysis

includes the computation of probability of system

failure. This quantity may be evaluated based on the

probability of individual component outage events.

The amount of computation required increases

exponentially with the number of components in the

system. Therefore, an exact calculation of system

failure probability is not feasible for even

moderately large systems with the growing problem

of energy crisis and environment pollution,

developing renewable energy, especially wind

power, became the emphasis of mangy countries.

However, wind power integration will threaten the

reliability, security and stability of power system

because of the randomness and volatility of wind. So

the study on the influence of wind farm integration,

On power system reliability urgently needs carried

out as the wind power integration ratio increases

rapidly. Unlike conventional generators, the output

Power of wind turbines is influenced by wind. So

obtaining accurate wind data is of great importance

to reliability evaluation of power system

2. RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF

INTER CONNECTED POWER

SYSTEM

2.1 Reliability model of every component

Two-state model of generator and line are used. And

their state sustain constant obeys exponential

Distribution. Sequential load model is used for the

affection research of correlation between wind

speeds and load on reliability of power systems

incorporated with wind power.

2.2 Sequential Monte Carlo procedure

According to the method above, the procedure of

performing reliability assessment of the

interconnected generation systems incorporated

with wind power by Monte Carlo simulation method

is shown as

The connection of several generating stations in

parallel is known as interconnected grid system.

3. SEVERAL FACTORS

(I) EXCHANGE OF PEAK LOADS:

An important advantage of interconnected system is

that the peak load of the power station can be

exchanged. If the load curve of a power station

shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated

capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be

shared by other stations interconnected with it.

(II) USE OF OLDER PLANTS:

The interconnected system makes it possible to use

the older and less efficient plants to carry peak loads

of short durations. Although such plants may be

inadequate when used alone, yet they have sufficient

capacity to carry short peaks of loads when

interconnected with other modern plants. Therefore,

interconnected system gives a direct key to the use

of obsolete plants.

(III) ENSURES ECONOMICAL OPERATION:

The interconnected system makes the operation of

concerned power stations quite economical. It is

because sharing of load among the stations is

arranged in such a way that more efficient stations

work continuously throughout the year at a high load

factor and the less efficient plants work for peak load

hours only.

(IV) INCREASES DIVERSITY FACTOR:

The load curves of different interconnected stations

are generally different. The result is that the

maximum demand on the system is much reduced as

compared to the sum of individual maximum

demands on different stations. In other words, the

diversity factor of the system is improved, thereby

increasing the effective capacity of the system.

(V) REDUCES PLANT RESERVE CAPACITY:

Every power station is required to have a standby

unit for emergencies. However, when several power

stations are connected in parallel, the reserve

capacity of the system is much reduced. This

increases the efficiency of the system.

(VI) INCREASES RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY:

The interconnected system increases the reliability

of supply. If a major breakdown occurs in one

station, continuity of supply can be maintained by

other healthy stations.

4. POWER GRID INTER

CONNECTION IN INDIA:

The objective of power Grid Corporation of India ltd

is to create a strong and vibrant National grid in the

country to ensure the optimum utilization of

generating resources, conservation of an eco-

sensitive right of way and the flexibility to

accommodate the uncertainty of generation plans.

With modernization and implement on various inter

regional links. The growth of inter-regional power

exchange has helped in meeting more demand in

energy deficit regions besides achieving overall

economy.

Four major power regions of the country namely,

North-Eastern, Eastern, Western, and Northern are

now operating as one synchronous grid (same

frequency). Southern regional grid is connected to

this synchronous grid through HVDC links.

The power grid corporation of India Ltd as a part of

the development of national grid such as the

implementation of Asia’s longest Talcher-kolar

HVDC bipolar link including its upgardation,

Sasaram HVDC back to back link, 400KV D/C

synchronous interconnection between Eastern and

Western Region including series compensation,

Augmentation of Gazuwaka HVDC, Muzaffarpur-

Gorakhpur 400KV D/C line under Tala

Transmission system, Agra-Gwalior 765 KV, Patna-

Balia 400KV D/C line, Biharshariff-Balia 400KV

D/C line, etc.

Fig Interconnected line

Thus there are five major power interconnection grid

in India:

1. Eastern Grid

2. Western Grid

3. Southern Grid

4. Northern Grid

5. North-Eastern Grid

5. ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES:

Interconnection system have both advantage as well

as disadvantage if we talk about advantage then if

there may happen any fault or outage of generator or

can say if any region plant is shut down then dew to

interconnected system we can take supply from the

other region and full fill our need, we can also over

come in shortage is happen. The other phase of the

coin is its disadvantage the problem of load and

frequency control are more difficult in large

interconnection system as many power station are

scattered over a wide area in comparison with a

system having one or two generating station. It is

also very difficult to find out the fault if happen

because our system is to complex and complicated

so for that we use some method’s to analyse fault

and reduce complexity are:

Gauss Seidel Method

Newton Raphson Method

FLDC Method

6. CONCLUSION:

The conclusion of this paper is that interconnected

system is reliable if we think by the point of cost

because it is easy to control from the central grid.

This will reduce the manpower, and plant

installation cost.

Interconnection of power stations increase the

reliability of supply, reduces the reserve capacity

required, improves the load factor, diversity factor

and efficiency, make use of more efficient plants as

base load plants and less efficient plants as peak load

plants possible and reduces the capital cost per KW

and overall cost per unit generated.

REFERENCES: [1] N. Jenkins, R. Allan, P. Crossley, D. Kirschen

and G. Strbac, Embedded Generation, pp.31-38,

2000.

[2] A course in Electrical Power by J B Gupta.

[3] R. Karki, P. Hu and R. Billinton, A simpli_ed

wind power generation model for reliability

evaluation,

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol.21,

no.2, 2006.

[4] T.-Y. Zheng, Y.-H. Kim and Y.-C. Kang,

Protection for a wind turbine generator in a large

wind

farm, Journal of Electrical Engineering &

Technology, vol.6, no.4, pp.466-473, 2011.