5.4 pusat pengembangan agama islam
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PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN AGAMA ISLAM
Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN
Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:Sejarah Tingkatan 1 DBPGred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 Cerdik PublicationsEncarta Encyclopedia
Rujukan Internet
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5.4 PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN
AGAMA ISLAM
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1. PENDAPAT TENTANG KEDATANGANAGAMA ISLAM KE MELAKA.
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i. Pedagang Islam
a. Islam sampai ke Melaka melalui pedagangIslam dari Arab dan India.
b. Mereka turut menjalankan kegiatan dakwah.c. Ada antara mereka yang berkahwin dengan
penduduk setempat untuk menyebarkan Islam.
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ii. Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai dan Bustanus Salatin
a. Islam sampai ke Melaka melalui mubaligh Arabiaitu Sheikh Abdul Aziz dari Makkah.
b. Raja Sri Maharaja, pembesar dan rakyat Melaka
diislamkan oleh beliau.
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HIKAYAT RAJA-RAJAPASAI
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iii.Melalui Pasai
a. Islam juga dikatakan sampai ke Melakamelalui Pasai.
b. Raja Megat Iskandar Syah berkahwindengan puteri Pasai lantas memeluk
agama Islam.
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iv. Keistimewaan Islam itu sendiri
a. Islam mengajar umatnya agar bertoleransi,adil, rasional dan terbuka.
b. Nilai-nilai murni ini mendorong golonganistana menganut Islam pada awalnya.
c. Hal ini kemudiannya menjadi ikutan para
rakyat.
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2. KEUNGGULAN MELAKA SEBAGAIPUSAT PENYEBARAN ISLAM
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i. Pertemuan Ahli Agama
a. Melaka menjadi tempat pertemuan ahli agamadan pendakwah pada abad ke 15.
b. Ahli agama dan pendakwah ini mengajar ilmu agama
kepada sultan, pembesar dan rakyat Melaka.
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ii. Kegiatan Dakwah
a. Kegiatan dakwah dijalankan bukansahaja kepada penduduk Melaka, malahan
ke kawasan-kawasan di luar Melaka.
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iii.Peranan Pemerintah Melaka
a. Pemerintah Melaka memberi layananyang baik kepada pendakwah-pendakwah Islam.
b. Mereka diberi tempat tinggal dan kemudahan
yang lain.
c. Sultan menganut agama Islam dan hal ini diikuti
oleh para pembesar dan rakyat.
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iv.Peranan Sultan Mansor Syah
a. Tun Bija Wangsa telah dihantar oleh bagindake Pasai untuk bertanyakan hal yang
berkaitan dengan ketuhanan, manusiadan alam baka.
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V. PERANAN SULTAN MUZAFFAR SYAH
a. Baginda menyediakan beberapa
pusat kegiatan keagamaan seperti masjid,madrasah dan surau.
b. Di pusat-pusat inilah masyarakat mempelajaritentang fardhu ain, pendidikan akhlak dan
al-Quran.
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MASJID- Sumber : internet
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MADRASAH SER DOR
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SURAU- Sumber internet
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v. Pusat Ilmu Tasawuf
a. Melaka turut terkenal sebagai pusat mempelajariilmu tasawuf.
b. Abdul Karim al-Jili, seorang ahli tasawuf yangterkenal, telah mengarang kitab Insan al-Kamil.
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SEDUTANKITAB INSAN AL KAMIL
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vii.Istana Pusat Intelektual
a. Antara aktiviti di istana:- menterjemah, menyadur dan menyimpanbahan-bahan penulisan Islam.
b. Antara karya yang terdapat di Melaka ketika itu:- Hikayat Amir Hamzah
- Hikayat Muhammad Ali Hanafiah.
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HIKAYAT AMIR HAMZAH
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viii.Agama Rasmi
a. Sultan Muzaffar Syah telah menjadikan
Islam sebagai agama rasmi Melaka.
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ix.Musyawarah
a. Musyawarah dan permuafakatan
menjadi amalan dalam urusan pentadbiranMelaka.
b. Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah mentauladaniSyaidina Umar al-Khattab dengan
menyamar untuk membenteras kes-keskecurian.
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3. KEGIGIHAN MELAKA MENYEBARKANISLAM KE RANTAU ASIA TENGGARA
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i. Melalui Perdagangan
a. Melaka menjadi tumpuan pedagang asing.
b. Mereka turut menunjukkan minat yang mendalamterhadap Islam.
c. Ramai pedagang terutamanya pedagang Jawa
yang memeluk agama Islam. Mereka pulang kekampung halaman mereka dan menyebarkanpula ajaran Islam di sana.
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ii. Melalui askar upahan
a. Askar upahan dari Jawa tertarik dengan
ajaran agama Islam.
b. Mereka memeluk agama Islam di Melakadan menyebarkan agama Islam apabilapulang ke tempat asal mereka.
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iii.Melalui perluasan kuasa
a. Sultan Mansor Shah dan Bendahara TunPerak berjaya meluaskan kuasa sehinggake Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Rokandan Inderagiri.
b. Wilayah-wilayah ini turut memeluk agama
Islam bukan hanya untuk menunjukkan taatsetia tetapi juga kerana berminat dengan Islam.
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iv.Peranan Mubaligh
a. Mubaligh, ulama dan ahli sufi turut memainkanperanan penting dalam menyebarkan Islam.
b. Mereka menyebarkan Islam ke Pulau Jawa,Kalimantan dan beberapa bahagian Selatan
Filipina.
c. Cara berdakwah yang lemah lembut, berhemahtinggi dan tiadanya unsur paksaan menarik
ramai orang memeluk agama Islam.
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v. Melalui Perkahwinan
a. Islam turut tersebar melalui perkahwinan
siasah antara putera-puteri Melaka denganputera-puteri negeri lain.
b. Contoh: perkahwinan puteri Sultan Mansor
Syah dengan putera Siak menyebabkanSiak menjadi negeri Islam.
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vi.Peranan Pemerintah Melaka
a. Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah telah menghantarahli agama untuk mengajar raja-raja Pahang,Kampar dan Inderagiri.
b. Pendakwah diberi galakan dan kemudahan
untuk berdakwah oleh baginda.
c. Hal ini menggalakkan perkembangan awal
Islam di rantau ini.
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4. KESAN KEDATANGAN ISLAM KE MELAKA
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i. Institusi Kesultanan
a. Sistem raja digantikan dengan institusikesultanan.
b. Gelaran sultan menggantikan gelaran raja.
c. Raja Melaka yang pertama menggunakan
gelaran sultan ialah Sultan Muzaffar Syah.
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ii. Islam Agama Rasmi
a. Islam menjadi agama rasmi Melaka.
b. Sultan dianggap sebagai pemegang amanahdari Allah swt.
c. Sultan dinasihati oleh para ulama dan ahli
agama dalam soal agama Islam.
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iii.Konsep Zulillahi-filAlam
a. Konsep sultan sebagai zulillahi-filalam iaitu
wakil Allah di muka bumi.
b. Konsep ini mengantikan konsep devaraja.
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iv.Undang-undang Fikah
a. Undang-undang ini mempengaruhi Hukum
Kanun Melaka dan Undang-undang LautMelaka.
b. Antaranya berkaitan dengan berzina,
membunuh dan meminum arak.
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v. Pendidikan
a. Wujud institusi pendidikan seperti masjiddan madrasah.
b. Al-Quran menjadi teras pendidikan dalam
Kesultanan Melayu Melaka.
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vi.Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Intelektual
a. Bahasa Melayu muncul sebagai bahasailmu dan lingua franca.
b. Tulisan jawi digunakan secara meluas.
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vii.Serambi Makkah
a. Melaka terkenal sebagai serambi Makkah bakal haji belajar tentang cara-cara
mengerjakan haji terlebih dahulu di sinisebelum berangkat ke Makkah.
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viii.Kesenian Islam
a. Keindahan kesenian Islam dapat dilihat
pada;kubah masjidmimbarmihrabmenara azan
tempat berwudukmadrasahnisan dll.
b. Selain itu, terdapat tulisan khat dan ukiran
berbentuk bunga dan geomatri.
c. Ayat-ayat al-Quran dan hadia
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ix.Amalan Tradisi
a. Khatam al-Quran
b. Kenduri arwah
c. Majlis kesyukuran
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